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1.
春夏季青藏高原与伊朗高原地表热通量的时空分布特征及相互联系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
伊朗高原和青藏高原热力作用对东亚区域气候具有重要影响。基于1979—2014年欧洲中心ERA-interim月平均再分析地表热通量资料,分析了春、夏季青藏高原与伊朗高原地表热通量的时、空分布特征以及春、夏季青藏高原与伊朗高原地表热通量的关系。结果表明,春、夏季青藏高原与伊朗高原地表热通量在季节、年际和年代际尺度上具有不同的时、空分布特征。对于青藏高原,春、夏季地表感热呈西部大东部小、地表潜热呈东部大西部小;地表感热在春季最大且大于地表潜热,地表潜热在夏季最大且大于地表感热。在年际时间尺度上,春、夏季青藏高原地表热通量异常的年际变化在东、西部不一致,青藏高原西部,地表感热与地表潜热有较强的负相关关系。青藏高原地表感热异常具有很强的持续性,当春季地表感热较强（弱）时,夏季高原地表感热同样较强（弱）。青藏高原东部与西部地表热通量的年代际变化有明显差异,春（夏）季青藏高原东部地表感热呈显著的年代际减弱趋势,1998（2001）年发生年代际转折,由正异常转为负异常;而青藏高原西部地表感热在春季则有显著的增大趋势,2003年发生年代际转折,由负异常转为正异常。青藏高原东部地表潜热仅在春季为显著减弱趋势,2003年出现年代际转折,由正异常转为负异常;青藏高原西部地表潜热在春、夏季都有显著减弱趋势,年代际转折出现在21世纪初,由正异常转为负异常。对于伊朗高原,春、夏季地表热通量的空间分布在整个区域较一致,地表感热在夏季最大,地表潜热在春季大、夏季小,但各季节地表感热都大于地表潜热。相对于青藏高原地表感热,伊朗高原地表感热在各月都更大。在年际时间尺度上,春、夏季伊朗高原各区域地表热通量异常的年际变化较一致;地表感热与潜热有很强的负相关关系;伊朗高原地表感热、潜热异常都具有持续性,当春季地表感热（潜热）通量较强（弱）时,夏季地表感热（潜热）通量同样较强（弱）。伊朗高原北部与南部地表热通量的年代际变化存在差异。其中,春、夏季伊朗高原北部地表感热（潜热）呈显著增强（减弱）趋势,在20世纪末发生了年代际转折,春、夏季北部地表感热（潜热）由负（正）异常转为正（负）异常。而伊朗高原南部春、夏季地表热通量无显著变化趋势,但春季地表感热、潜热与夏季地表感热同样在20世纪末存在年代际转折,地表感热（潜热）由负（正）异常转为正（负）异常。春、夏季两个高原地区地表热通量的关系主要表现为:就春季同期变化而言,伊朗高原地表感热与青藏高原西部地表感热具有同相变化关系,与青藏高原东部地表感热具有反相变化关系,伊朗高原地表潜热与青藏高原东部地表潜热具有同相变化关系;就非同期变化而言,春季伊朗高原地表感热与夏季青藏高原东部地表感热存在反相变化关系。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原地面感热及其异常的诊断分析 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
利用青藏高原主体60个地面气象观测站1961～2000年历年各月本站气压、地面气温、风速、地表温度等资料,计算了高原地面拖曳系数CD和地面感热通量.通过主成分分析、主值函数和功率谱分析等方法,对各季代表月CD系数和地面感热通量的基本气候特征,以及地面感热通量异常变化的空间结构和时间演变趋势作了较系统的诊断研究.结果表明:利用40年资料计算的拖曳系数与地面感热通量可以较好的反应青藏高原下垫面感热的基本气候特征,即高原CD系数东南部大,西北部小;冬季大,夏季小.多年平均高原地面感热通量仅在冬季小范围出现弱的负值,其余季节感热均为正值.感热通量大的地方其年际变化也大,其年际异常的主要空间型,第一是南北差异,第二东西差异,第三为高原主体及东部地区与外围的差异.其在年际变化中存在明显的10年际以上变化趋势,具体表现在1961～2000年期间,冬季高原北部和西部地区地面感热有减弱趋势,而高原中部和东南部呈明显的上升趋势.夏季高原主体及东部地区感热通量不断加强,而高原西部地区则相反.春、夏、秋三季均以13年以上的长周期振荡为主,冬季第一主分量表现为准3年的短周期变化.
相似文献
3.
地表感热的时空分布特征及其与邻近海洋海温异常的关系 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
利用1949—2000年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料中的地表感热通量资料,分析了全球地表感热的时空分布特征。结果表明：青藏高原地表感热是全球感热的主要部分,高原地表热源表现出明显的非均匀性,高原东西部热源呈反位相变化。高原西部、东部和北非地区是地表感热年际和年代际异常的关键区。SVD分析发现,高原东、西部感热异常与西北太平洋和赤道中印度洋的海温异常有很好的相关关系。 相似文献
4.
基于1970—2015年青藏高原地区78个站点的观测资料,应用物理方法计算了高原中东部地区的感热通量。利用小波分析、相关性分析等研究了高原中东部感热通量的时空特征和影响因子。结果表明,高原年平均和春夏季节,感热通量周期为3~4 a,而秋冬季节为2~3 a;感热通量的变化趋势为,1970—1980年和2001—2015年感热通量呈增加趋势,而1981—2000年呈减小趋势;高原年平均和各季节的最强感热加热中心均位于高原南坡E区（除冬季外),最弱加热区域位于高原西北部A区（夏季除外);高原春秋季节感热通量的空间分布均匀,冬夏季节有明显的梯度分布且梯度相反,夏季呈现自东到西的梯度;春季、夏季及秋季,高原感热通量和降水呈负相关;高原10 m风速的极值中心随季节北上南撤变化与地气温差的强弱变化共同决定了感热通量的季节变化。 相似文献
5.
利用中国区域高分辨率数据集作为大气强迫场,驱动修改了热力学粗糙度参数化方案后的NoahMP陆面模式进行了2000-2018年青藏高原地区陆面过程模拟。用野外观测资料校验模拟结果后,分析了地表感热通量（SH）、潜热通量（LH）的分布及变化特征。结果表明,模式能较合理模拟高原地表感热和潜热通量。高原的中、西部为地表感热和潜热通量的年际变率较大区域。模拟的高原中、西部地区感热通量强于东部地区,且绝大部分区域的感热通量是有增强趋势的。对于整个高原,感热通量从2002年前后呈较明显的增强趋势。总体上,四个季节的平均感热都有较明显的增强,特别是在2010年以后。潜热通量在高原东部地区强于中、西部地区。潜热通量的年际变率相对于感热通量的变率要小。中部地区潜热呈减弱趋势,西部和东部都有弱的增强。对于整个高原,潜热通量在2000-2018年呈弱的增强趋势。其中,2000-2003年潜热通量是增强的,2003-2015年呈减弱趋势,主要因素为在夏季潜热通量的减弱。 相似文献
6.
利用ERA-Interim地表热通量再分析资料(包含感热通量及潜热通量数据)分析了1979年3月至2009年2月青藏高原地区(下称高原)地面加热场的时空分布特征及其年际变化趋势。突出青藏高原地面加热场与西风急流的联系,分别探讨了青藏高原春季感热及潜热变化的可能影响机制。结果表明:(1)高原感热空间分布大体呈现为自西北向东南递减的特征,潜热与感热呈反相的空间格局,自西北向东南逐渐增强。(2)相比于夏、秋、冬三季,春季高原地表热通量年际变化特征较为突出,其中感热通量显著减少,潜热通量显著增加[分别为-1.83和0.79 W·m~(-2)·(10a)~(-1)],该趋势和全年平均热通量年际变化情况一致。(3)就年际变化而言,春季感热通量与潜热通量之间存在明显的负相关(相关系数为-0.69),表明可能存在某一气候因子使得春季感热减弱而使潜热增强。进一步分析发现,高原地面加热场与西风急流存在密切的联系,春季西风急流的减弱在影响高原感热强度的同时,对高原潜热也具有较大影响。其可能影响机制如下:受高原上空西风急流减弱的影响,高原地表风速减弱从而导致感热通量显著减少;春季西风急流的减弱导致印缅槽的增强,在孟加拉湾上空形成一异常气旋环流,使该地区对流增强、水汽上升异常,同时气旋中北向暖湿气流将水汽携带至高原南侧,并通过影响高原降水量改变其潜热通量。 相似文献
7.
亚非感热异常时空特征及其与我国降水异常的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
运用多年全球感热通量数据进行经验正交函数(EOF)分析,得到感热异常关键区。运用小波分析等方法发现,全球地表感热异常存在振荡现象,东半球在年际、年代际尺度上,地表感热异常主要以青藏高原东、西部的反相以及高原西部和北非的反相为热力异常振荡的主要分布形态。再运用中国月平均降水资料进行EOF分析,得到各个感热异常关键区与中国华北、江淮和华南地区汛期降水异常的相关关系,其中北非、青藏高原西北部和马来半岛这3个区域的感热距平之间有较大的相关关系,且感热异常季节变化较小,对我国东部地区降水的影响比较稳定,持续性较好。 相似文献
8.
选取中国气象局在青藏高原(下称高原)地区常规气象观测站点中85个资料连续性较好的站点资料,基于CHEN-WENG感热交换系数方案计算了1981-2014年地表日均感热通量,并用M-K检验法分析了季节平均感热通量和年均感热通量的年际变化特征,结合经验正交函数法EOF(Empirical Orthogonal Function)、Pearson相关法,分析了年均感热通量的时空演变及异常分布特征以及不同地区站点感热通量与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,1981年以来,高原地表感热通量无论在年尺度还是季节尺度上的年际变化都表现为先下降后上升的趋势,其中春季和冬季由下降转变为上升的年份早于夏季和秋季,且夏季上升的幅度是四季中最弱的;1981-2003年间感热通量下降主要与地气温差和平均风速的减小有关,而2004-2014年间感热通量的上升主要与地气温差的显著增大有关。空间上,各站点感热通量的上升或下降并不同步,但存在一定的相互联系,感热通量上升的站点主要位于青海省;感热通量与各气候因子的相关性有明显的时空差异,整体上受地表温度影响显著,与地表温度变化呈正相关;与降水、日照时数、风速等气候因子的相关性在年尺度上存在较大的空间差异,在季节尺度上,感热通量与气象因子的季节相关性较好,尤其是夏季,感热通量与降水呈反相关,与日照时数、风速和气温呈正相关,其次是春季,秋、冬季相关性较差。 相似文献
9.
基于1979-2017年5月青藏高原地区149个站点观测资料计算的地表感热通量（OBCH）和4套再分析资料提供的地表感热通量,对比分析了青藏高原地表感热通量的时空变化特征。结果表明：5月各地表感热再分析资料在高原主体部分（3 000 m以上部分）的气候平均值均为正值,说明高原主体5月为同一热源,且均呈高原西部（90°E为界）感热通量偏大,东部偏小的特征。5月高原主体各套平均地表感热通量均呈减弱趋势,除ERA感热表现为增强外,其余3套再分析资料在高原西部均表现为减弱,减弱趋势显著;5套资料在高原东部均表现为减弱趋势,除OBCH资料外,均表现为显著减弱。EOF分析发现,除了ERA-Interim资料,其余4套资料在高原主体第一模态主要表现为一致性变化,第二模态空间分布呈明显差异。从各套资料与OBCH资料的时间相关来看,ERA-Interim资料与OBCH资料相关系数可达0.70,说明二者在5月具有较好的年际变化一致性特征,而NCEP2资料与OBCH资料相关系数仅为0.33,说明二者具有较大的年际变化差异。 相似文献
10.
南海地区热通量的时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用美国 NCEP1958-1998 年高斯网格月平均再分析资料,分析了南海及周边地区(0～20°N,100～125°E)热通量(包括潜热通量和感热通量)的时空变化,结果表明该潜热通量、感热通量具有明显的季节转换特征.南海中部海区是潜热通量、感热通量季节变化最剧烈的关键区,南海季风对潜热、感热输送均有影响,并且蒸发潜热输送大于感热输送.EOF 分析表明,风速对潜热、感热输送贡献较大,另外气温和相对湿度对潜热输送有贡献,而水温与气温差对感热输送有贡献.整个南海地区潜热通量、感热通量具有明显的年际变化特征,潜热通量存在5～8 a 以及 2 a 左右的周期振动,而感热通量只有 5～8 a 的周期振动. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献