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1.
Zn是人体必需的微量元素之一,与疾病的发生发展关系密切。目前,Zn在人体病理性矿化灶中的分布尚不明确。本文利用同步辐射X射线荧光分析和成像技术,对乳腺癌、乳腺纤维腺瘤、乳腺增生症、乳腺炎症、卵巢浆液癌、主动脉钙化和冠状动脉钙化等病灶中的矿化物共28例中的元素含量和分布进行了测试分析,发现Zn与Ca在矿化灶中的分布总体一致,部分区域此消彼长,与Sr-Ca关系相似,提示Zn进入(碳)羟磷灰石晶格占据Ca的位置。 此外,乳腺癌与乳腺良性病变中矿化灶的Ca/Zn(摩尔浓度)值有显著差异(P<0.01),乳腺癌矿化灶中Zn元素含量较高。 相似文献
2.
钙化是脑动脉粥样硬化的重要指示,并与粥样硬化的发展密切相关。脑动脉粥样硬化斑块钙化灶中存在球状与块状两类不同形貌的矿物集合体,但是关于两类钙化矿物学特征的区别以及其在病灶中空间分布规律的研究仍不充分。选取具有不同程度钙化的脑动脉粥样硬化样品,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及其附带的能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及其附带的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及拉曼光谱(Raman),对钙化物的形貌、构造以及基于空间分布的物相组成及化学成分的变化进行了研究。研究表明,钙化灶中心由块状钙化构成,周围分布着球状钙化。块状钙化中物相分布不均匀,其中心由碳羟磷灰石(CHA)构成,边缘除CHA外还含有部分无定型磷酸钙(ACP)。球状钙化由白磷钙石(WH)与CHA构成。 相似文献
3.
选取9例乳腺炎症、7例乳腺增生的钙化样品,利用光学显微镜(OM)、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、微区X射线衍射(μ-XRD)等矿物学分析方法对样品进行了原位形貌观察、分离后结构及成分的测试分析,探讨了病灶中钙化的矿物学特征及其组成成分和形成机制。研究结果表明,发生在炎症病灶中的钙化主要类型是脂肪坏死后的钙化,其发生和死亡的脂肪细胞和周围病变后期修复性Ⅲ型胶原有直接关系。增生症中的钙化主要有发生在扩张的导管内和在束状深度交联胶原中的坏死型钙化,扩张的导管边缘处Ⅳ型胶原和大片变性Ⅲ型胶原为钙化提供了成核位点,继而参与无机矿物的形成过程,最后形成较为致密的钙化。乳腺炎症和增生症中的钙化的主要成分均为碳羟磷灰石。 相似文献
4.
心血管系统中主动脉粥样硬化斑块的钙化主要发生在动脉内膜,能够预测心血管系统疾病的风险性和死亡率,对钙化物的矿物组成及形成机制的分析有望为主动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程提供辅助信息。本文以心血管主动脉粥样硬化斑块中的钙化物为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及X射线能谱仪、微区X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等矿物学研究手段,对原位和分离的钙化物的矿物形态、成分、结构等进行了较为系统的观察测试。研究结果表明,主动脉粥样硬化斑块钙化物的主要成分为纳米尺寸的粒状、针状及柱状的B型碳羟磷灰石,并与低n（Ca）/n（P）的磷酸钙矿物共存。钙化初期是沉淀在胶原纤维上的低n（Ca）/n（P）磷酸钙矿物小球,在钙化发展过程中,胶原纤维随之钙化并不断富集,形成最终的块状钙化。 相似文献
5.
《西北地质》2015,(1)
东胜黄天棉图北部山区直罗组下段岩层中,钙化木十分发育。笔者分析了钙化木赋存层位的沉积环境,描述了钙化木的岩石矿物学特征,并结合前人的研究成果,对该地区钙化木的成因进行了初步推测。研究发现:1该区木化石分两类,一类为钙化木,另一类为碳化-钙化木,其赋存层位的沉积环境为决口扇、决口河道与分流间湾的冲刷接触面。2钙化木中方解石以中晶-巨晶居多,含少量碳质成分,碳化-钙化木中方解石以隐晶—微晶为主,碳质成分含量较高。3钙化木是由富含Ca2+和CO32-的地下水进入树干中的孔隙,并在其中沉淀、结晶方解石形成的。认为Ca2+的来源为斜长石蚀变,CO32-的来源可能是碳酸铀酰络合离子([UO2(CO3)3]2-)。 相似文献
6.
某些磷灰石矿物的红外吸收光谱 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文讨论了各种磷灰石矿物的光谱特征,氟磷灰石和羟磷灰石的光谱-结构关系及磷灰石中CO_3~(2-)和OH~(-1)离子的存在形式。在结构资料基础上,对氟磷灰石和羟磷灰石中的PO_4~(3-)离子进行了相关分析,给出了内模式的分配数目。碳氟磷灰石中的CO_3~(2-)离子的光谱与简单无水碳酸盐和氟磷灰石混合物光谱之间的差异表明,C0_3~(2-)离子以类质同象形式进入磷灰石结构中。磷灰石中的P_2O_5含量随CO_2含量的增加而降低,PO_4~(3-)离子的v_4带随CO_2的增加或减少而变化,这表明PO_4~(3-)与CO_3~(2-)离子之间存在密切的相关关系,CO_3~(2-)-PO_4~(3-)取代是类质同象置换的一种形式。羟磷灰石OH-OPO_3中的O-O距离和它的高温光谱证明,OH~(-1)离子以氢键形式存在。 相似文献
7.
用盐酸预处理岩矿样品以驱除样品中的碳酸盐碳;滤出酸不溶物并洗净,待干燥后置入900-1000℃的管式炉中,在富氧气流中灼烧,有机碳被氧化成CO2由烧碱石棉吸收后称重,根据烧碱石棉管的增重计算有机碳的含量。对含有机碳为0．23％的样品进行10次测定,标准偏差为0．0116％,变异系数为5．04％。 相似文献
8.
砂粒体是病理诊断中常见的钙化形式,与肿瘤关系密切。选取具有砂粒体矿化物的6例卵巢浆液癌和2例成熟性囊性畸胎瘤样品,采用POM、ESEM、EDX、TEM、μ SRXRD和μ SRXRF等研究方法,对原位和分离处理后的砂粒体进行了观察测试。结果表明,两种卵巢肿瘤中的砂粒体由粒状和短柱状矿物分层集合而成,其形成与胶原纤维关系密切。卵巢浆液癌和畸胎瘤中的砂粒体最大直径分别为35 μm、70 μm,主要矿物成分分别为碳羟磷灰石Ca5［PO4,CO3］3(OH)、羟基磷灰石Ca5(PO4)3(OH)。砂粒体中还含有Na、Mg、Zn、Fe、Sr、Cu等微量元素,Zn可替代Ca进入矿物晶格。 相似文献
9.
基于碳酸盐岩风化的碳源分析及土壤的影响作用机制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在CO2 - H2O- 岩石系统中由于碳酸盐岩的可溶性,使其回收土壤/大气CO2 的通量比硅酸盐岩更大。通过大陆河流湖泊HCO-3 来源和海洋碳来源两种计算方式得出,碳酸盐岩溶解回收大气CO2 的量是其它岩类的3倍以上。与同纬度地带性土壤相比,岩溶地区土壤通过促进土下碳酸盐岩的溶解与固碳作用对大气CO2 产生更为强烈的汇效应: 土壤的覆盖使土下碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率平均提高4.35倍,从而加快了对土壤/大气CO2 的回收速率;富钙的土壤地球化学背景使石灰土富含胡敏酸钙,胡敏酸在土壤中的存留时间长达780～ 3 000年,是其它类型土壤有机质如富里酸的4～ 5倍,稳定的胡敏酸钙使土壤有机碳稳定性增加、周转周期延长而得以累积,固碳作用将减少土壤CO2 向大气的排放。石灰土的平均有机质含量比同纬度红壤、黄壤分别提高了44%、33% ,固碳作用十分明显。 相似文献
10.
川西坳陷中段天然气碳同位素特征及其成因类型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
川西坳陷中段天然气的组份以烃类气体为主,占气体总体积的98.1%～99.7%;非烃气体以CO,2和N2为主,其含量分别占气体的0.12%～1.32%和0.25%～1.54%;烃类气体中以甲烷占绝对优势,平均含量为95.83%;重烃含量较低,平均为3.21%;干燥系数(C1/C,1-5>)平均为0.97,整体上属典型的干气.川西坳陷中段的所有样品δ13C,2都大于-25.8‰,属于典型的煤型气范畴,天然气的δ13C,1δ'13C,2δ13C,3,呈明显的正序排列,显示出天然气为典型的有机成因.甲烷碳同位素组成,反映了其母质演化程度已处于成熟～高成熟阶段,且以高成熟阶段为主. 相似文献
11.
G. Brey 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,57(2):215-221
CO2 solubility has a slight negative temperature dependence in olivine melilitite at 30 kb with 9% CO2 dissolved at 1,450 °C, 8.5% at 1,550 °C and 8.3% at 1,650° C. CO2 is dissolved as the carbonate molecule (CO
3
2–
) only. Feldspar melts (albite-anorthite) dissolve much less CO2 at 30 kb (around 2%) with a slight increase with increasing anorthite content. A CO2 absorption peak in infrared spectra of albite-rich glasses diappears in favour of the CO
3
2–
peak with increasing anorthite content. It is inferred that CO2 was present as CO
3
2–
in albite-rich melts also, but reverts to CO2 during quenching because of bonding differences related to Ca2+ and Na+ in the melts. 相似文献
12.
Rising atmospheric pCO2 and ocean acidification originating from human activities could result in increased dissolution of metastable carbonate minerals
in shallow-water marine sediments. In the present study, in situ dissolution of carbonate sedimentary particles in Devil’s
Hole, Bermuda, was observed during summer when thermally driven density stratification restricted mixing between the bottom
water and the surface mixed layer and microbial decomposition of organic matter in the subthermocline layer produced pCO2 levels similar to or higher than those levels anticipated by the end of the 21st century. Trends in both seawater chemistry
and the composition of sediments in Devil’s Hole indicate that Mg-calcite minerals are subject to selective dissolution under
conditions of elevated pCO2. The derived rates of dissolution based on observed changes in excess alkalinity and estimates of vertical eddy diffusion
ranged from 0.2 mmol to 0.8 mmol CaCO3 m−2 h−1. On a yearly basis, this range corresponds to 175–701 g CaCO3 m−2 year−1; the latter rate is close to 50% of the estimate of the current average global coral reef calcification rate of about 1,500 g
CaCO3 m−2 year−1. Considering a reduction in marine calcification of 40% by the year 2100, or 90% by 2300, as a result of surface ocean acidification,
the combination of high rates of carbonate dissolution and reduced rates of calcification implies that coral reefs and other
carbonate sediment environments within the 21st and following centuries could be subject to a net loss in carbonate material
as a result of increasing pCO2 arising from burning of fossil fuels. 相似文献
13.
Haohao Yi Etienne Balan Christel Gervais Loïc Ségalen Marc Blanchard Michele Lazzeri 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(5):347-359
The structure and spectroscopic properties of selected models of B-type carbonate defects in apatite locally compensated by fluoride or hydroxyl ions are investigated using first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. Theoretical infrared absorption spectra and 13C, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts are determined. Among the investigated models, only the clumped (CO3 2?, F?) defect, with the carbonate group close to the sloping face of the tetrahedral site and the F? ion at the remaining apex, corresponds to previous experimental observations performed on carbonate-fluorapatite samples. Although the substitution of hydroxyl by fluoride ions is commonly observed in minerals, the clumped (CO3 2?, OH?) defects are unlikely to occur in apatite, considering both their theoretical spectroscopic properties and relative stability. Anionic F? for OH? exchange between channel and B sites displays a preference of ~20 kJ/mol for the local charge compensation by fluoride ions at the B-site, pointing to a significantly different behavior of F? and OH? ions in the charge compensation mechanism. This difference is ascribed to the poor H-bond acceptor character of available oxygen atoms surrounding the apex of the tetrahedral site. The explicit calculation of the infrared absorption spectra of the defect models is also used to interpret the significant difference observed in the linewidth of the ν2 and ν3 CO3 infrared powder absorption bands of carbonated apatite samples. It is shown that for a concentration of 4.4 wt% of CO2, long-range electrostatic effects already significantly contribute to the broadening of the ν3 CO3 bands in apatite. 相似文献
14.
15.
Anne-Sophie Perrin Anne Probst Jean-Luc Probst 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(13):3105-3123
The goal of this study was to highlight the occurrence of an additional proton-promoted weathering pathway of carbonate rocks in agricultural areas where N-fertilizers are extensively spread, and to estimate its consequences on riverine alkalinity and uptake of CO2 by weathering. We surveyed 25 small streams in the calcareous molassic Gascogne area located in the Garonne river basin (south-western France) that drain cultivated or forested catchments for their major element compositions during different hydrologic periods. Among these catchments, the Hay and the Montoussé, two experimental catchments, were monitored on a weekly basis. Studies in the literature from other small carbonate catchments in Europe were dissected in the same way. In areas of intensive agriculture, the molar ratio (Ca + Mg)/HCO3 in surface waters is significantly higher (0.7 on average) than in areas of low anthropogenic pressure (0.5). This corresponds to a decrease in riverine alkalinity, which can reach 80% during storm events. This relative loss of alkalinity correlates well with the content in surface waters. In cultivated areas, the contribution of atmospheric/soil CO2 to the total riverine alkalinity (CO2 ATM-SOIL/HCO3) is less than 50% (expected value for carbonate basins), and it decreases when the nitrate concentration increases. This loss of alkalinity can be attributed to the substitution of carbonic acid (natural weathering pathway) by protons produced by nitrification of N-fertilizers (anthropogenic weathering pathway) occurring in soils during carbonate dissolution. As a consequence of these processes, the alkalinity over the last 30 years shows a decreasing trend in the Save river (one of the main Garonne river tributaries, draining an agricultural catchment), while the nitrate and calcium plus magnesium contents are increasing.We estimated that the contribution of atmospheric/soil CO2 to riverine alkalinity decreased by about 7-17% on average for all the studied catchments. Using these values, the deficit of CO2 uptake can be estimated as up to 0.22-0.53 and 12-29 Tg1 yr−1 CO2 on a country scale (France) and a global scale, respectively. These losses represent up to 5.7-13.4% and only 1.6-3.8% of the total CO2 flux naturally consumed by carbonate dissolution, for France and on a global scale, respectively. Nevertheless, this loss of alkalinity relative to the Ca + Mg content relates to carbonate weathering by protons from N-fertilizers nitrification, which is a net source of CO2 for the atmosphere. This anthropogenic CO2 source is not negligible since it could reach 6-15% of CO2 uptake by natural silicate weathering and could consequently partly counterbalance this natural CO2 sink. 相似文献
16.
Mukesh Kumar Mahato Prasoon Kumar Singh Ashwani Kumar Tiwari 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(2):173-184
Groundwater samples collected from the East Bokaro coalfield of Jharkhand state, India during the dry and rainy seasons of the year 2012. Samples were analyzed for the assessment of groundwater quality in the study area. The results of the chemical analysis indicate that the pH values were found alkaline in nature during both the season. The major cations in groundwater was in the order of Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ during the dry season while Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ during the rainy season. The abundance of the major anions was of HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F- did not change on the seasonal basis. The average NO3-concentration was exceeded the desirable limit for drinking water as per Indian standard in the rainy season. Silicate weathering was inferred to be a dominant process, controlling the groundwater chemistry in both seasons, with lesser contributions by carbonate weathering and ion exchange. Leaching of salts from the unsaturated zone also has a major impact on groundwater quality during the rainy season. The water quality data indicate that groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation. However, higher salinity and residual sodium carbonate values at some sites may limit groundwater use and therefore an adequate drainage and water management plan for the study area is required. 相似文献
17.
Hassan M. BAIOUMY 《Resource Geology》2002,52(3):231-238
Abstract: Phosphorite deposits in Egypt, known as the Duwi Formation, are a part of the Middle East to North Africa phospho‐genic province of late Cretaceous to Paleogene age. Based on the petrographical observation, the phosphatic grains in the phosphorites are classified into phosphatic mudclasts and phosphatic bioclasts. Both of them are composed of francolite. The structural CO2 contents in the francolite range from 3.3 to 7.2 % with an average of 5.3 %. Results indicated that the substitution with CO32‐ of PO43‐ in the francolite decreases the unit cell volume and a‐cell dimension, and increases the c/a ratio. Effect is more obvious in the a‐cell dimension; therefore, it is more significant in distinction between the different apatite species. Lack of covariance between structural CO2 contents in the francolite and the carbonate minerals contents may render the supposition that the phosphorites formed as a result of replacement of preexisting calcareous sediments is doubtful. Similarity in CO2 content in both weathered and fresh samples indicates that the structural CO2 content in the phosphorites is not affected by weathering, and reflects the conditions and CO2 concentration of the depositional environment. Similarity in mineralogy and CO2 contents in the different phosphatic grains and higher CO2 content in the Egyptian phosphorites compared with the authigenic phosphates of Peru margin, which formed by the same mechanism as the Duwi phosphorites, suggest that the phosphatic grains in the Duwi Formation were francolitized during diagenesis by introducing CO2 from the surrounding pore water and diagenesis took place at an elevated temperature. Scattered values of structural CO2 contents suggest the reworking origin of the phosphatic grains in the late Cretaceous phosphorites in Egypt. 相似文献
18.
The production of organic matter and calcium carbonate by a dense population of the brittle star Acrocnida brachiata (Echinodermata) was calculated using demographic structure, population density, and relations between the size (disk diameter)
and the ash-free dry weight (AFDW) or the calcimass. During a 2-year survey in the Bay of Seine (Eastern English Channel,
France), organic production varied from 29 to 50 gAFDW m−2 year−1 and CaCO3 production from 69 to 104 gCaCO3 m−2 year−1. Respiration was estimated between 1.7 and 2.0 molCO2 m−2 year−1. Using the molar ratio (ψ) of CO2 released: CaCO3 precipitated, this biogenic precipitation of calcium carbonate would result in an additional release between 0.5 and 0.7 molCO2 m−2 year−1 that represented 23% and 26% of total CO2 fluxes (sum of calcification and respiration). The results of the present study suggest that calcification in temperate shallow
environments should be considered as a significant source of CO2 to seawater and thus a potential source of CO2 to the atmosphere, emphasizing the important role of the biomineralization (estimated here) and dissolution (endoskeletons
of dead individuals) in the carbon budget of temperate coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
19.
天然气水合物成因探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
天然气水合物是未来的能源资源。其分布于极地地区、深海地区及深水湖泊中。在海洋里,天然气水合物主要分布于外大陆边缘和洋岛的周围,其分布与近代火山的分布范围具有一致性。同位素组成表明天然气水合物甲烷主要是由自养产甲烷菌还原CO2形成的。典型的大陆边缘沉积物有机碳含量低（＜0．5％～1．0％）,不足以产生天然气水合物带高含量的甲烷。赋存天然气水合物的沉积物时代主要为晚中新世-晚上新世,具有一定的时限性,并且天然气水合物与火山灰或火山砂共存,表明其形成与火山-热液体系有一定联系。火山与天然气水合物空间上的一致性表明,天然气水合物甲烷的底物可能主要是由洋底火山喷发带来的CO2。由前人研究结果推断 HCO－3在脱去两个O原子的同时,可能发生了亲核重排,羟基 H原子迁移到 C原子上,形成了甲酰基（HCO－）,使甲烷的第一个 H原子来源于水。探讨了甲烷及其水合物的形成机制,提出了天然气水合物成因模型。 相似文献
20.
Michael E. Bötcher 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(2):201-212
Stable oxygen and carbon isotopefractionation during the experimental formation ofordered norsethite (BaMg[CO3]2) from thereaction of anhydrous BaCO3 (witherite) withrelatively low concentrated sodium-magnesiumbicarbonate solutions has been studied between20° and 135 °C. In the investigatedtemperature range, 18O and 13C are enrichedin norsethite with respect to water and gaseous carbondioxide, respectively. Whereas 18O/16Opartitioning is intermediate between those of theBaCO3–H2O and MgCO3–H2O systems,13C/12C partitioning is more similar to thatfor BaCO3–CO2. Between 20° and90°C, the temperature dependences of the18O/16O and 13C/12C fractionationfactors are represented by the equations (T in °K):103 ln BaMg[CO3]2-H2O = 2.83 106T--2.85, and 103lnBaMg[CO3]2-CO2(gas) = 1.78 106T--10.16. The later equation considers carbon isotope fractionationbetween the dissolved carbonate ion and carbon dioxide measured by Halaset al. (1997). Under standard state conditions (25 °C) the fractionation factors in the system BaMg[CO3]2-CO2-H2O are: Oxygen isotopes: BaMg(CO3)2-H2O = 1.02941, BaMg(CO3)2-OH-(aq) = 1.07059,BaMg(CO3)2-CO2(gas) = 0.98868, andBaMg(CO3)2-H2CO3
* = 0.98843; carbon isotopes:BaMg(CO3)2-CO2(gas) = 1.00992,BaMg(CO3)2-H2CO3
* = 1.01099,BaMg(CO3)2-HCO3
- = 1.00194,BaMg(CO3)2-CO3
2- = 1.00491 or 1.00150.The spontaneous precipitation of aBaMg[CO3]2 gel at 20 °C,followed by the alteration of the products at20° or 60°C for 31 days,demonstrated isotope exchange reactions betweensolids and mother solutions dueto recrystallization. Isotope equilibrium, wasnot reached within run time. 相似文献