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1.
针对甘南地区2006年7月12日出现的冰雹天气过程,利用兰州CINRAD/CC多普勒雷达回波资料以及MICAPS资料对此次强对流天气过程进行了初步的分析,分析了冰雹天气过程中雷达回波的形态特征、结构和动态特征,发现在此次强对流天气是雷达回波具有明显的超级单体风暴特征,且呈现出三体散射、有界弱回波、钩状回波等特征;雷达回波强度值55dB;回波顶16km;径向速度图上出现较强的气旋性辐合,在中高层辐合中还存在着中尺度气旋;此外,降雹过程前后垂直液态水含量(VIL)变化较大。 相似文献
2.
2010年福建一次早春强降雹超级单体风暴对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用探空、地面资料以及建阳、龙岩、长乐三部新一代天气雷达资料,对2010年3月5日福建中北部地区5cm强降雹的两个超级单体风暴进行了对比分析。结果表明,干暖盖、强垂直风切变、中高层正涡度区及地面中尺度低压为超级单体的形成提供了良好的环境场。两个超级单体都是由多单体合并后发展起来的,在成熟阶段以右移为主,属长寿命右移风暴:第一个超级单体在发展过程中由于地形作用和新单体的并入经历了3次加强过程,低层出现明显的钩状回波、中高层三体散射特征;第二个超级单体经历了多单体风暴—超级单体风暴—多单体风暴3个阶段,成熟阶段低层呈现出明显的倒"V"形回波特征,中高层有明显向右伸展的云帖。两个超级单体风暴的中气旋都是由中层发展起来,随着中气旋强度不断加强和厚度加大,最强切变中心突降时出现冰雹、大风强对流天气。通过对第一个超级单体中气旋流场分析,发现风暴前、后侧的下沉气流与低层入流形成了明显的辐合旋转作用,下沉的干冷气流进一步推动低层的暖湿入流,形成强烈的上升气流,并在风暴顶形成强辐散,使得风暴长时间维持。第二个超级单体在风暴减弱阶段,风暴右侧出现中气旋分裂,之后减弱、消失。产生强对流天气时,中高层维持高反射率因子,出现三体散射现象、风暴顶强烈辐散以及较大的VIL密度等特征。 相似文献
3.
一次超级单体的多普勒雷达特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用长沙多普勒天气雷达的基本反射率因子(R)、径向速度(V)、垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)、垂直剖面等产品,分析了2008年4月8日发生在湘东地区的一次超级单体强对流天气过程。分析表明:这次过程是一次典型的超级单体过程,在反射率因子上出现了钩状回波、三体散射回波、弱回波、高悬垂回波,相应的径向速度图上出现了持久的中气旋,风暴顶表现为强烈的辐散,降雹前相应的液态垂直累积含水量有一个跃增,这些多普勒雷达特征均为超级单体风暴预警提供了有利的临近预报因子。 相似文献
4.
5.
讨论了新一代（多普勒）天气雷达对2002年5月14日19:00至21:00影响湖南常德地区的3个对流风暴的探测情况，其中两个为超级单体，一个为飑线。观测到了与超级单体相联系的中气旋和龙卷式涡旋特征（TVS）。上述强对流系统产生了地面大风、大冰雹和龙卷等强烈天气，与雷达的探测相吻合。特别值得一提的是在中国首次探测到了三体散射（TBSS）和龙卷式涡旋特征（TVS）这两个分别指示大冰雹和龙卷的雷达回波特征，并得到了地面报告的印证。 相似文献
6.
一次超级单体风暴的天气学成因及多普勒雷达回波特征研究 总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3
对2002年5月27日发生在安徽蚌埠地区的一次超级单体风暴过程的天气形势、卫星云图、雷达回波进行了分析,此次过程为该地区近50 a来发生的最强烈的一次超级单体风暴过程。本文尝试从常规的高空、地面环流形势中寻找特殊的异常信息,结合卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料对超级单体的结构及其演变过程进行分析。发现这次强对流性超级单体风暴过程是在较为有利的大尺度环流形势下,多尺度天气系统相互作用,由中尺度对流云体激发产生的超级单体风暴;文章揭示了该地区超级单体风暴的多普勒雷达回波典型特征,旨在对这类强天气的监测、识别和临近预报提供天气学及雷达回波分析的参考依据。 相似文献
7.
利用高空及地面天气图、宝鸡多普勒雷达资料,分析了2015年7月18日和2016年6月12日关中西部陇县两次大冰雹强对流天气成因及雷达特征。分析表明,两次过程环境条件比较一致,冷涡槽后西北气流携带的冷空气形成了对流不稳定层结有利条件,地面露点锋是强对流的触发机制。2015年7月18日冰雹是由中气旋的超级单体风暴产生,2016年6月12日冰雹是强单体风暴造成。两次过程中,持续的垂直累积液态含水量≥55 kg/m2、反射率因子≥60 dBz和三体散射是大冰雹出现的重要特征。雷达冰雹指数（HI）、风暴追踪信息（STI）等产品可作为提前发布强对流天气预警的参考。 相似文献
8.
利用常规气象观测数据、ERA-5再分析资料、两种波段多普勒雷达产品、FY-2F云顶亮温TBB资料对2020年5月21日陕西一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：强对流发生在有利天气背景和环境条件下,对流云自北向南迅速移动发展增强,强天气区位于对流云后部TBB等温线密集处;C波段雷达产品在风暴演变过程中识别出了线状回波、三体散射回波特征,风暴单体具有明显的悬垂结构,单体质心短时间内迅速下降对应地面出现大风,三体散射回波在高低仰角依次出现对地面降雹有指示意义;X波段雷达偏振参量在风暴单体发展与成熟阶段有明显差异,发展阶段利用融化层以上的ZDR柱可以对风暴单体发展趋势做出预判,成熟阶段融化层以下RHV在08～09且ZDR和KDP随高度降低不断增大的区域为降落冰雹融化区,可以作为地面降雹的预判。 相似文献
9.
2012年4月广东左移和飑线内超级单体的环境条件和结构对比分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2012年4月开汛后广东省接连出现强对流天气,尤其是冰雹日数更是超过历史同期平均。本文利用常规天气观测资料和雷达、自动站等非常规资料对广东首次观测到的风暴分裂中左移超级单体风暴和飑线内超级单体风暴引发的两次强对流天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:"4·10"冰雹和雷雨大风天气是由局地强烈加热产生的"热雷暴"发展成超级单体风暴造成的;"4·12"冰雹、雷雨大风和短时强降水天气由飑线及飑线内超级单体风暴造成的,其产生于切变线、较强冷空气南下过程中的低层暖平流和中层冷槽共同作用的环境条件下,较强的平流过程使垂直风切变明显增大;两次过程中0℃层高度都低于4月当地0℃层高度平均值。风切变矢量随高度的变化决定了左移和右移风暴的发展趋势,"4.10"风切变矢量随高度逆时针变化,使风暴分裂后左移风暴得以发展成超级单体;"4·12"风切变矢量随高度顺时针变化,有利于有组织风暴即飑线和飑线内超级单体的形成和发展,超级单体向承载层平均风的右侧运动。左移超级单体回波具有中反气旋、弱回波区和旁瓣回波及强回波中心位于其移动方向左侧等特点;飑线内超级单体的中气旋、弱回波区和强回波中心位于回波移动方向右侧,三体散射长钉长度和中层辐合厚度都很大,后侧下击暴流产生了31.1 m·s~(-1)地面强风。 相似文献
10.
2006年5月26日和6月25日三门峡辖区均出现了以地面大风、冰雹为主的灾害性天气.利用常规观测资料和非常规加密探测资料以及雷达、卫星云图资料对这两次灾害性天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:这两次灾害性天气均是由500 hPa华北冷涡后部的下滑槽或横槽转竖带动北方冷空气急剧南下造成的下击暴流引发的强对流天气.当雷达回波顶高超过10 km、强度≥50 dBz并出现回波悬垂结构的超级对流单体或多单体超级对流风暴移来时,易产生强对流天气;强回波质心在移动过程中不断下降或回波悬垂结构、低层弱回波区出现在风暴后部时,是下击暴流发生的前兆;冰雹指数、风暴跟踪信息、中气旋3个产品叠加对强对流风暴发生、发展、移向的预报具有较好的参考作用. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献