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采用1980-2004年5-8月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,将105°E和125°E越赤道气流增强过程按一定标准进行取样,并对增强过程中越赤道气流的变化特点及其相应的南、北半球环流特征进行分析,结果表明：越赤道气流的增强往往对应着通道南侧或北侧从热带到副热带地区的环流调整,而这种环流调整在南半球主要指澳洲冷空气活动,在北半球主要为辐合带的变化,二者是影响越赤道气流的主要环流因子;北半球辐合带的变化与西太平洋副高的东西振荡有密切关系,前者的分布形态在一定程度上决定了南半球环流及越赤道气流变化对北半球热带外环流的影响情况;125°E越赤道气流比105°E越赤道气流的增强过程通常更为显著,这与它们对应的南、北半球环流调整的差异有关。 相似文献
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对哈密地区7·11大降水天气进行了分析,结果表明：大降水是由充足的水汽,高、低空各物理量场的合理配置及不稳定能量的释放共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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本文作出了一月,四月,七月,十月,沿东经140°平均剖面.讨论了平均风场平均温度场和平均对流层顶,并和西经80°的结果相比较. 相似文献
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本文对北半球多年月平均500毫巴图上60°N和30°N纬圈的高度和纬圈平均的经向运动动能进行了波谱分析,探讨了前3个波幅和位相角的季节变化,以及在高低纬度之间的差异。主要结果如下:1位势场的高度主要贡献,集中在准静止长波范围内,并具有明显的季节变化。2波数为1的波在高低纬度性质有显著的不同,其分界线大约在50°-60°N之间。此外,准静止的长波愈向低纬度去逐渐有向西偏移的现象。例如,在30°N上准静止的长波比60°N上要偏西(1/4)-(1/2)波长。360°N纬圈平均的经向运动动能主要部分亦集中在准静止长波范围内。虽然峰值有明显的季节变化,但最大的极值都出现在波数n=2-4之间。30°N纬圈平均的经向运动动能谱有着明显的季节变化,大致可分成如下3个类型:(1)冬季型:纬圈平均的经向运动动能谱存在着两个极值,最大的极值稳定于准静止长波范围内(n=3附近),次极植位于移动性行星波范围内(n=5-8)。(2)夏季型:纬圈平均的经向运动动能谱只有一个极值,稳定于波数为6-7的波内。(3)过渡型:纬圈平均的经向运动动能谱分布较平坦,没有稳定的极值存在。 相似文献
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基于国家自动站及区域自动站降水观测资料、欧洲中心大气再分析资料（ERA5）分析了河南“21·7”过程的降水特征及环流和物理量的异常性，并对比1981年以来郑州和鹤壁50 mm以上强降水过程的物理量特征。结果表明：1）“21·7”强降水过程在累计降水量、强降水覆盖范围、日雨量和小时雨强等方面均表现出显著极端性，过程累计降水量超过400 mm的站点集中分布在太行山东麓沿山地区和伏牛山东侧迎风坡一侧，与地形关系十分密切。2）南亚高压增强东伸，副热带高压异常偏强偏北，低纬度地区活跃的低值系统等大气环流异常，导致了水汽稳定持久向河南输送，太行山和伏牛山沿山一带水汽辐合偏离气候态最强超过-10σ，表现出显著极端性。3）“21·7”过程中，动力条件的异常特征十分显著，200 hPa的辐散中心分别位于伏牛山和太行山东麓沿山一带，相较历史气候态偏离度达到2σ～5σ；伏牛山沿山一带850 hPa涡度偏离气候态程度较太行山东麓一带更大，达6σ；而700 hPa上升运动则是太行山东麓一带极端性更强，标准差达-3σ～-5σ。4）与1981年以来同区域暴雨过程相比，“21·7”过程中，850 hPa涡度和700 hPa垂直速度的标准差为历次过程最大（最小）或次大（次小）者，对暴雨极端性有指示意义，地形附近历次暴雨过程物理量统计显示，伏牛山和太行山东麓的850 hPa辐合及700 hPa垂直速度平均偏离气候态超过3σ（-3σ），且偏离程度与日雨量呈正相关。 相似文献
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2009年“3·23世界气象日”的纪念主题是“天气、气候和我们呼吸的空气：保护人类健康和环境”。为了隆重纪念这一日子,贵州省气象局开展了丰富多彩的纪念活动： 相似文献
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A linear diagnostic equation for the nonhydrostatic vertical motion W in severe storms is derived in the Cartesian-earth-spherical coordinates. This W diagnostic equation reveals explicitly how forcing factors work together to exert influence on the nonhydrostatic vertical motion in severe storms. If high-resolution global data are available in Cartesian coordinates with guaranteed quality, the Lax-Crank-Nicolson scheme and the Thomas algorithm might provide a promising numerical solution of this diagnostic equation. As a result, quantitative analyses are expected for the evolution mechanisms of severe storms. 相似文献
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Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems （MCS） along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves. 相似文献
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Stuart A. Penkett 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(3):319-321
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J. Williams 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(1):101-102
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Nick Hewitt 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(3):321-322
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Bertrand Hamaide 《Climate Policy》2003,3(2):171-177
Cooperation in the economic sense considers efficiency issues. Cooperation in the political sense, like the Kyoto Protocol, considers other issues like equity and historical responsibility. The environmental and economic impacts of the Kyoto Protocol and other scenarios are thus examined. The US pullout may then be viewed, among others, as the result of not untying “economic” and “political” cooperation; and since the Protocol will be much less effective without the US, it is shown that an external economic stimulus should and may theoretically be found for retaining their participation. 相似文献
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以冬小麦品种“齐麦2号”为试材,在水分关键期(拔节期~扬花期),设计5个水分处理(T1处于适宜水平,T2、T3、T4、T5分别按照水分关键期常年降水量减少20%、50%、75%、100%进行一次性补水)和1个雨养对照水分控制试验,模拟研究不同程度干旱胁迫对水分关键期冬小麦光合生理特性、抗氧化酶活性及产量结构的影响。结果表明：轻度干旱胁迫会造成冬小麦叶片最大光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度降低,气孔限制值升高,气孔因素是导致冬小麦叶片光合速率降低的主要原因;而当干旱胁迫达到重度时,胞间CO2浓度升高,气孔限制值降低,非气孔因素是导致冬小麦叶片光合速率降低的主要原因。轻度干旱胁迫会使得冬小麦叶片SOD酶、POD酶、CAT酶活性显著升高,从而减轻MDA含量升高对冬小麦叶片膜系统的损伤,复水后抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量均可恢复至正常水平,而重度干旱胁迫下冬小麦叶片SOD酶、POD酶、CAT酶活性不同程度降低,复水后抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量均无法恢复至正常水平,抗氧化酶系统遭受不可逆损伤。此外,水分关键期干旱胁迫还导致冬小麦灌浆速率降低、不孕穗率升高,理论产量大幅降低。研究结论可为科学评估干旱胁迫对冬小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响提供理论依据。 相似文献
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NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> change over China and its influences 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A 3-D chemical transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the impact of the increase of NOx emission over China. The model is capable to reproduce basically the seasonal variation of surface NOx and ozone over eastern China. NOx emission data and observations reveal that NOx over eastern China increases quite quickly with the economic development of China. Model results indicate that NOx concentration over eastern China increasingly rises with the increase of NOx emission over China, and accelerates to increase in winter. When the NOx emission increases from 1995 to its double, the ratio of NO2/NOx abruptly drops in winter over northern China. Ozone at the surface decreases in winter with the continual enhancement of the NOx level over eastern China, but increases over southern China in summertime. It is noticeable that peak ozone over northern China increases in summer although mean ozone changes little. In summer, ozone increases in the free troposphere dominantly below 500 hPa.Moreover, the increases of total ozone over eastern China are proportional to the increases of NOx emission.In a word, the model results suggest that the relationship between NOx and ozone at the surface would change with NOx increase. 相似文献