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1.
为了提高对黄土高原γ中尺度致洪暴雨预报和预警能力,利用NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2015年7月18日黄土高原发生的一次γ中尺度致洪暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:700~200 h Pa深厚低涡和低层切变是这次暴雨的主要影响系统;暴雨发生前暴雨区大气层结对流不稳定增强和对流有效位能的增长为强天气的发生提供了有利条件;暴雨发生前地面图上生成的湿焓高能中心、850 h Pa和700 h Pa等压面上生成的对流涡度矢量垂直分量高值中心和暴雨落区形成很好的对应关系;线状中尺度对流系统中β中尺度对流云团的发展加强对强降水有直接影响;线状中尺度对流系统在雷达回波图上体现为多个对流单体组成的带状回波,影响暴雨区的对流单体回波中心强度50 d BZ,径向速度场分析表明γ中尺度气旋性辐合的生成和维持为暴雨的持续提供了动力条件。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、加密自动站降水及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合铜仁多普勒雷达观测资料对2015年7月14日夜间发生在贵州省松桃县的一次局地特大暴雨进行分析,结果发现:此次局地特大暴雨是发生在中层500 h Pa中低纬"ω"环流型稳定形势下;低层高湿高能环境为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和能量;地面弱冷空气入侵激发了对流的产生,是产生强降水的触发条件;梵净山地形对气流既有抬升又有增强气流辐合的作用,对流单体不断在其迎风坡产生;雷达回波显示对流回波单体沿着地面中尺度辐合线生成、发展、合并、移动和消亡,出现了明显的列车效应,地面辐合线对对流单体起着组织、加强和引导作用;暴雨区位于850 h Pa暖式切变线南侧、地面冷锋前部、地面中尺度辐合线北侧,而地面中尺度辐合线北侧1~1.5个纬距内是强降水的主要落区。 相似文献
3.
利用多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达资料,辅以高分辨率的地面自动气象站资料,对2012年7月25—26日天津地区的一次大暴雨(局部特大暴雨)过程进行扰动特征分析。结果表明:1)大暴雨过程的雷达回波表现为高质心结构,气旋式辐合与对流中上升气流及后侧下沉气流紧密相连,表现出较好的对流组织性,也预示强降雨将持续发展。逆风区的维持与伸展的高度可作为暴雨预报的先兆信号。2)地面辐合线与雷达回波上对流单体出现"列车效应"的区域有很好的一致性。地面形成的气旋性闭合环流和中小尺度环流辐合作用的稳定维持是产生大暴雨的重要因素。3)由风廓线资料可详细分析出暴雨过程中低空急流及边界层急流的扰动过程。在强降雨发生前,急流强度明显增强,与雷达回波上的"列车效应"是一致的,但比雷达更早出现。风廓线资料中低空急流和边界层急流的增强态势,对大暴雨短时临近预报具有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
4.
翁佳烽周义昌郭春辉李文辉 《广东气象》2017,(4):37-40
利用常规观测资料、Micaps资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和雷达风廓线资料,对2015年肇庆市开汛暴雨过程的环境条件及雷达风廓线产品特征进行分析。结果表明:暴雨发生在200 h Pa高空气流分流区、700 h Pa显著西南气流前方、850 h Pa切变线以南风速辐合区、925 h Pa风场辐合区和地面锋面低槽的重叠区域。暴雨发生前伴随着CAPE值激增,在大气层结极不稳定条件下,西南暖湿气流北上在广东中部地区辐合汇聚,为暴雨提供大量水汽和不稳定能量。暴雨过程低层气旋式涡度和高层反气旋式涡度使得低层辐合和高层辐散更加深厚,进一步增强上升运动。暴雨期间雷达风廓线资料直观地显示了中小尺度系统引起的风场变化,中层波动对应过程中的几个强降水时段。当上空处于中层西风波动槽前时,西南暖湿气流层次深厚,降水加强;当6 km以上高度西北气流向下发展时,降水处于减弱阶段。 相似文献
5.
本文运用NCEP1°×1°格点资料和多普勒雷达、自动站以及SWAN系统等资料,用综合诊断分析方法对2009年7月2-4日广西大范围强降水过程进行成因分析。结果表明：由于冷空气很弱,以渗透的方式影响广西,使地面西南暖低压得以长时间维持,是这次过程持续时间长的主要原因之一;地面辐合线稳定少动,是桂北强对流发展的触发机制,也是产生“列车效应”的主要因子;柳州多普勒雷达基本反射率显示在7月2日20时到3日08时的“列车效应”使得河池东部和柳州北部出现了特大暴雨,暴雨中心在径向速度上反映为强烈的辐合。此外对swAN产品进行检验和分析,Cotrec风场对回波的移动有较好的指示作用;TITAN在预报强回波的移动和强度上有着一定的预报能力;1小时雨量预报与实况雨量大致相近。 相似文献
6.
为了更好的预报、预警超级风暴单体引起的短时强降水,利用沈阳棋盘山多普勒雷达、营口多普勒雷达和自动站及地面、高空等气象资料,对2011年7月14日沈阳强降水超级单体风暴进行分析。结果表明：地面辐合线和切变线提前于降水2 h产生,而且地面辐合线和切变线的位置与风暴的生成位置重合。强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴特征,风暴出现弓形回波;速度图上存在“v”型入流缺口,相应速度场上出现中气旋,营口雷达基本反射率最大值达到61 dBz,反射率因子垂直剖面出现弱回波区和回波悬垂。当雷达回波发现中气旋,并预计此中气旋能维持1 h左右或者雷达回波发现弓形回波,沈阳棋盘山雷达基本反射率强度超过45 dBz时,可发布短时暴雨或雷雨大风等强对流气象灾害预警。 相似文献
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8.
利用地面加密观测资料、多普勒天气雷达回波强度、卫星云图TBB资料和NCEP 1°×1°分析资料,应用滤波和广义位涡理论, 对2012年6月1—2日云南省中部的首场切变冷锋型暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度天气系统是该次暴雨产生的直接原因, 强降水均发生在云顶亮温等值线梯度较大一侧,回波强度空间分布不均匀,回波发展高度较低,但回波结构致密,低质心,以液态降水粒子为主,因此降水分布不均匀,但降水效率高;水汽源地为孟加拉湾;低层水汽通量辐合带与冷锋、切变线、中尺度辐合线以及β中尺度低涡位置有较好的对应关系;700 hPa,850 hPa水汽通量强辐合区中心位置叠加时,其所在区域地面降水增强;强降水区域上空中低层广义湿位涡的正异常现象体现了降水区中低层高水汽集中特征;单站上空低层的广义湿位涡正异常增加时,地面降水强度增加,反之减小;800 hPa广义湿位涡正异常区对地面降水分布有一定指示作用,但暴雨中心与广义湿位涡强中心并不完全重合。 相似文献
9.
利用常规资料,NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°每6h再分析资料和柳州多普勒雷达资料,对2017年7月9-10日发生在柳州一次副高边缘特大暴雨进行了分析。结果表明:高空槽、低空急流以及地面辐合线是这次过程的主要影响系统,副高脊线的稳定维持,使得暴雨区主要出现在柳州中北部;孟加拉湾与南海源源不断的水汽输送为这次暴雨提供了充分的水汽条件;地面弱冷空气的侵入增强了柳州上空的不稳定度,并在地面形成中尺度辐合线触发暴雨产生。地面中尺度辐合线的长久维持为强降水提供了动力抬升的条件,有利于强降水的维持;低质心、高效率的"列车效应"回波反复经过柳州市北部三县,造成了特大暴雨。 相似文献
10.
2012年7月9日豫北一次短时暴雨诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、新一代多普勒雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°全球再分析资料,对2012年7月9日出现在豫北地区的短时暴雨天气过程诊断分析。结果表明:副高外围强盛的西南急流将海上水汽输送到降水区;中低层暖舌有利于暴雨区不稳定能量的增加;中低层的辐合上升运动、地面干线和辐合线是这次暴雨过程的触发机制;稳定度指标的变化对强降水有较好的指示意义;雷达回波与中尺度辐合线有很好的对应关系;豫北地区的地形有利于降水的加强。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献