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2020年第4号台风“黑格比”在浙南登陆后过境北雁荡山期间在山区引发了特大暴雨。基于中尺度数值模式WRFV4.0.2对台风进行高分辨率数值模拟,分析北雁荡山地形对此次台风暴雨的作用,并设置了升降地形敏感性试验。结果表明:数值试验较好地模拟了台风移动及特大暴雨的落区和强度,台风大风区明显不对称分布,台风登陆后第一、四象限过境山区,其东侧强偏南气流向山区输送了充足水汽。台风登陆前山区低空存在一条由台风内核拖曳出的狭长螺旋辐合带,水汽通量辐合与风场辐合相一致。台风眼墙过境时沿着降水中心的迎风坡有强烈上升运动,动力条件极好,水汽输送带由近地面向对流层低层延展,山区有零星对流单体触发加强。台风后部环流影响时在高海拔山区风速减弱、绕流激发了中尺度低涡,强降水中心迎风坡上出现持续性、停滞不动的强正涡度中心,是特大暴雨发生的主要原因。地形敏感性试验中无地形时降水减幅40%~50%,地形高度翻倍降水增幅超过60%。 相似文献
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利用中尺度模式WRF对2011年9月29 30日1117号强台风"纳沙"登陆并穿过海南岛北部引发的海南岛西部特大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和地形敏感性试验。结果表明,在海南岛北部登陆西行的台风降水量分布呈五指山以北地区多、以南地区少的特征,而北面的强降水带又是西部多、东部少。12 km水平格距模拟的48 h降水量和逐3 h降水量与实况基本相符,台风登陆时间与地点误差也较小,路径和强度模拟效果均较好。对比控制试验和地形敏感性试验模拟的24~48 h降水量发现,有地形时,海南岛西部地区24 h降水量普遍有50 mm以上的增幅,西部山区有150 mm以上增幅,西部山区主峰北侧有350 mm增幅。特别是强降水中心与西部主山峰紧密相连,地形的存在对台风"纳沙"在海南岛西部地区的降水量增幅明显。但受五指山脉地形的阻挡,处于台风环流中西北气流背风坡的海南岛东南部地区降水量有50~150 mm的减幅。从低层中小尺度流场和垂直速度的对比分析可以看出,控制试验与零地形试验结果存在明显差别,五指山脉西部的地形可以增强低层扰动,有利于产生中尺度对流小涡,从而增加台风降水。王下乡的特殊地形对台风降水显著偏多起到重要作用。 相似文献
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利用自动站实时降水资料、NCEP再分析资料和多普勒雷达资料,结合中尺度数值模式WRF对台风"利奇马"在浙东地区产生的极端降水过程进行分析,重点研究了浙东地形对极端降水的影响。结果表明,"利奇马"影响期间,浙东强降水过程出现2个雨量峰值,依次由台风外层螺旋云带和台风中心附近的多个中尺度对流云团持续影响所造成,浙东地形对这一系列对流云团有明显的加强作用。浙东地区西部山脉对"利奇马"有阻滞和辐合抬升两方面作用,前者通过地形阻挡拖曳,延长强降水时长,后者通过山前显著的动力抬升作用和水汽辐合加强造成降水增幅。根据估算可知,括苍山脉在强降水阶段对暴雨的增幅可达11 mm·h~(-1),接近此时段内总雨量的2.5成。通过敏感性试验降低地形高度后,浙东地区辐合及上升运动减弱,雨量也明显减少,进一步验证了浙东地形是造成此次极端降水事件的重要原因。 相似文献
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台风海葵引发浙西山区大暴雨的成因 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用中尺度数值模式WRF,结合多普勒雷达资料、卫星TBB资料和自动站资料对2012年8月6—9日由台风海葵引发的杭州西部山区强暴雨洪涝灾害进行分析。结果表明,登陆台风内部的螺旋云带中有多个中尺度云团活动,云团不断从台风螺旋云带内部分裂生成,并有一个从加强发展到逐渐消亡的过程,正是在中尺度云团的直接作用下,给台风经过地区造成了一次又一次的强降水,导致了浙西北等地区持续不断发生暴雨,因此,中尺度系统是造成台风暴雨的直接原因;台风外围的东北风、西北风和偏西风在有利地形配合下,往往会汇合形成中尺度辐合线,未来强降水区域也基本落在中尺度辐合线附近区域,中尺度辐合线是触发暴雨对流发生、发展的重要系统;浙江杭州西北部山区地形对于台风暴雨主要体现在增幅作用,对台风路径、降水范围影响不大。 相似文献
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0414号台风“云娜”的数值模拟 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
利用美国CAPS的非静力高分辨率区域预报模式(ARPS)对0414号台风"云娜"进行数值模拟,其中把新一代多普勒天气雷达资料分析引入模式,模拟结果表明ARPS模式能较好模拟台风"云娜"的移动路径、中心气压强度变化及台风大暴雨;并利用模式输出的组合反射率与雷达组合反射率资料比较来检验模拟结果.数值模拟结果表明台风自身结构是引起0414号台风西折路径的重要原因;浙南闽北地形对0414号台风的影响作地形敏感性试验结果表明浙南闽北地形使0414号台风移动路径出现右偏现象;浙南闽北地形对0414号台风强度影响较小,地形对深入内陆后台风强度变化有较明显的影响;浙南闽北地形对0414号台风暴雨有增幅作用,降水分布更加不均匀. 相似文献
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以在广西沿海登陆的超强台风"威马逊"为研究对象。针对沿海山脉—十万大山,基于区域数值模式WRF3.4.1,开展敏感性数值试验。结果表明,WRF模式能够较好地模拟出台风移动的路径及降水的空间分布特征。十万大山山脉的存在有利于中低层的南北风在山脉周围抬升,而地形抬升作用是导致沿海发生强降水的有利条件之一。移除十万大山地形后,台风中心位置偏西,大气环流的改变使山脉周围水汽辐合减弱,此外,偏南气流由于没有地形的阻挡,因此向北发展,而地形造成的中低层抬升作用也随之消失。水汽辐合的减弱及地形抬升作用的消失共同导致十万大山周围降水减少,最大减幅可达到40mm。 相似文献
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海南岛地形对南海西行台风降水影响的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用WRF模式对2005年9月25—27日0518号强台风“达维”(Damrey)登陆海南岛过程进行数值模拟和地形敏感性试验。模拟结果表明,在海南岛中部登陆西行的台风降水分布是南多北少,南部地区降水分布是中部山区多两边少;12 km水平格距模拟的48 h降水量和每3 h降水量与实况基本相符;台风登陆时间与地点误差较小。地形敏感性试验表明,48 h降水量在有地形时海南岛上均有50 mm以上的增幅,由于五指山地形作用致使中南部地区均有100 mm以上的增幅,两个主峰区域有200～300 mm的增幅,特别是强降水中心与两座主山峰紧密相连,地形的存在对台风在海南岛上的降水增加幅度非常明显;但在海南岛东部沿海地区有50 mm的减幅作用。从低层的中小尺度流场、高度场和垂直速度的对比分析可看出:控制试验与零地形试验结果存在明显差别,五指山脉地形可增强低层扰动,有利产生中尺度对流(MCS)小涡,从而增加台风降水。 相似文献
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1330号台风"海燕"过程影响海南岛的强降水落区和强降水极值点(毛感乡)均位于南部地区,利用海南省区域加密自动站、三亚多普勒雷达以及0.25°×0.25°ERA-interim再分析资料对强降水成因进行观测分析,应用WRF Ver3.1.1模式对"海燕"进行模拟试验。结果表明:(1)"海燕"从海南岛南部近海北上阶段,其外围的偏东风或偏南风与五指山、吊罗山形成向南开口的"厂"字形地形正交,加密自动站和多普勒雷达在五指山区及"厂"字形地形南侧均探测到多个β中尺度风向辐合切变线或气旋性辐合涡旋,毛感乡附近存在明显的风向辐合,地面辐合中心与小时雨量大值区基本吻合。(2)"厂"字形地形迎风坡的强迫抬升导致气流垂直速度增大,毛感乡附近存在的水平的β中尺度辐合切变和垂直的β中尺度环流,有利于边界层辐合和中高层辐散增强,降水显著增幅。(3)数值模拟的强降水落区和降水极值点与实况基本一致,极值雨量较实况偏小;地形对山区及山脉迎风(背风)坡的雨量增(减)幅作用明显;有地形时,在五指山区及"厂"字形地形南侧容易产生β中尺度风向辐合区。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献