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1.
一次大暴雨过程中尺度涡旋系统特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料与加密自动站资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达与微波辐射计资料以及NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对2011年7月29—30日发生在天津及华北东部的大暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明：在有利的环流背景下,迅速发展北上的低空中尺度涡旋是此次大暴雨的直接影响系统。高空槽前正涡度平流加强,造成低层减压、中尺度涡旋发展;涡旋中心向负变压梯度绝对值最大方向移动。分析中尺度涡旋垂直结构表明,开始时涡旋内斜升气流明显,随其发展,低层辐合明显加强、涡旋内转为一致的垂直上升运动,且最大辐合中心与正涡度中心相对应,均位于900 hPa以下。随低层东南气流加强,涡旋右前侧偏东入流显著加强,其不但为涡旋发展提供了有利的动力条件,也为暴雨发生和维持提供了充足的水汽。此次降水的强回波高度较低,钩状回波及中尺度气旋均在低层发展,造成强降水和短时大风,有别于典型钩状回波。水汽密度及液态水含量变化与降水对应非常好,强降水前15～30 min低层大气水汽密度和液态水含量会迅速增大,这可为强降水提前预报预警提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
2008年“7.02”滇中大暴雨的成因诊断与数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规观测、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、云图、多普勒雷达回波和WRF模式对2008年7月2日滇中大暴雨进行成因诊断和数值模拟。结果表明:对流层高层的干侵入和中低层冷、暖平流交汇诱发副热带高压和滇缅高压间辐合低涡迅猛发展成强中尺度对流辐合体,加上中低层来自孟加拉湾的丰富水汽输送和中低层强水汽辐合共同引发此次大暴雨。过程中,垂直螺旋度贡献主要在中层;干位涡呈现出对流层顶强正高位涡,300 hPa以下为次正高位涡,两者之间为负区的柱状分布特征,次正高位涡强中心有向下层延伸特征。WRF较好地模拟了整个大暴雨过程中强降水主体时段和大暴雨落区特点,最大对流有效位能变化趋势对强降水有较好预示作用,模拟方案在积分30小时内效果较好。 相似文献
3.
一次广西暴雨过程的数值模拟及低涡系统分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用WRF中尺度数值模式对2008年6月12日广西地区的一次大暴雨过程进行了模拟,利用模式输出资料,对引发这次大暴雨的西南低涡的演变情况及其物理场特征进行了分析。结果表明,低涡暴雨的发生具有明显的不均匀性,暴雨主要出现在低涡东侧暖区切变线附近;暴雨过程中充沛的水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和中国南海,水汽的辐合不仅是涡旋区降水的必要条件,还是低涡发展加强的一个有利因素;强降水与强上升运动及正涡度区有很好的对应关系,低涡低层有强不稳定能量积聚也是造成此次大暴雨的重要原因之一。 相似文献
4.
利用常规地面、高空观测资料、自动站资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和新一代多普勒天气雷达观测资料,分析2015年8月16—18日四川盆地持续性大暴雨过程,给出了此次大暴雨过程不同阈值短时强降水的时空分布特征,研究此次大暴雨过程中造成短时强降水的成因。结果表明:螺旋度的变化对短时强降水有指示作用,螺旋度等值线密集(稀疏),短时强降水增强(减弱)。水汽收支方程中,水汽通量散度项为短时强降水的发生提供了主要的水汽来源。永川雷达反演的风场上具有明显的低空急流、低层辐合,以及局地气旋性涡旋的中小尺度环流特征。通过对比分析发生在2013年6月30日的相似大暴雨过程,发现两次过程的关键影响系统均是西南涡。"8·17"大暴雨过程低涡前部偏南暖湿急流及低涡后部东北冷流均显著,是斜压锋生类短时强降水";6·30"大暴雨过程低涡前侧偏南暖湿急流显著,暖平流建立的不稳定起了主导作用,是暖平流强迫类短时强降水。雷达特征显示"8·17"过程强反射率因子面积小,回波质心发展较高,有明显的辐合特征";6·30"过程强反射率因子面积大,回波质心发展低,并伴有中气旋活动。 相似文献
5.
利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料和WRF中尺度数值模式对2006年7月2-3日豫北区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并用模拟结果对该过程作中尺度分析.结果表明:暴雨中尺度系统发展和维持期间,基本上是强涡度区对应强辐合区,使得垂直对流运动发生发展,为强降水发生和持续提供了动力条件;θse值大小和实况降水强弱演变对应关系很好,θse值越大,实况降水越强,反之,实况降水越弱;豫北地区出现强降水时,水汽通量中心位于豫南且分布在西南急流轴上,豫中南部始终维持一条明显的水汽输送带,水汽被源源不断地输送到豫北地区;豫北地区处于明显的水汽辐合区,强辐合区有一自西向东的移动过程,与实况强降水过程演变趋势一致;大暴雨区域上空从低层到对流层顶层垂直螺旋度均为正值,且强降水时段与螺旋度最强时段对应关系很好,降水峰值与正螺旋度中心出现时间吻合. 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测资料、 ERA-5再分析数据、 FY-4A卫星资料,对2021年9月3-4日一次西北涡与西南涡共同作用引发的秦巴区域大暴雨过程进行了研究,探讨了两涡作用导致大暴雨的中尺度环境场特征,并对西南涡的形成过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：秦巴区域的大暴雨是在西北涡与西南涡共同作用下由中尺度对流复合体（Mesoscal Convective Complex, MCC）引起的,强降水位于MCC云顶亮温冷中心及后部偏冷空气一侧的亮温梯度大值区。西南涡生成前,西北涡后部的偏北气流与西南气流形成了中尺度切变线,在秦巴区域触发对流不稳定而激发出中尺度对流云团而产生降水;西南涡生成后与西北涡共同作用,使秦巴区域水汽的输送加强,对流层低层形成强烈辐合,正涡度和垂直上升运动加强,使MCC强烈发展并具有较长生命史,同时伴随β和γ中尺度的对流云团发展,加强了该区域的强降水,从而造成大暴雨。该过程中西南涡是由500 hPa低涡产生的正涡度和高位涡向下传递强迫,使西北涡后部偏北风与西南气流气旋性运动加强从而形成涡旋环流,西南涡与500 hPa低涡的垂直耦合使其发展为强大的涡旋系统,从而加强水汽的辐合上升运动以加... 相似文献
7.
一次长江中下游梅雨锋暴雨过程的诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2C卫星云顶亮温(TBB)和中尺度模式WRF输出的15 km高分辨率资料,对2008年影响浙皖赣地区的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明,青藏高原东侧西风槽和副热带高压之间的相互作用、对流层中低层切变线的维持以及低涡东移、发展是暴雨发生的天气尺度背景.TBB数据显示,在切变线附近不断有中尺度对流云团生成并东移、发展.与暴雨区相对应,在低空西南急流左侧存在多个β中尺度强水汽通量辐合中心,高空西风急流人口区右侧排列着一系列的辐散中心,表明该地区存在较强的水汽辐合上升运动.对流层低层高温高湿、中高层冷空气侵入,导致大气层结处于极不稳定状态.湿位涡的分布与中心位置对暴雨落区及强度具有较好地指示意义.暴雨区附近对流层高、低层都存在较明显的位涡水平平流,导致位涡扰动不断地自上游向下游地区移动.锋区前暖区的对流层中低层存在强垂直位涡柱,引发气旋性环流的发展,从而促进了辐合上升运动. 相似文献
8.
为了进一步考察持续性暴雨发生机制,针对2010年7月下旬川、陕、甘地区的一次持续暴雨过程,应用MICAPS资料,FY-2E辐射亮温资料,TRMM卫星降水资料,NCEP每6 h 1°×1°分辨率的分析资料,主要分析了暴雨发生的环流背景,暴雨直接影响系统-高原低涡、热带气旋、中尺度对流系统、冷暖平流等对持续性暴雨的影响。结果表明:(1)本次持续性暴雨过程发生在对流层高层南亚高压由纬向型转为经向型,对流层中层副热带高压东退西进,热带气旋登陆西行,高原低涡东移受阻,中尺度对流系统不断生消的有利条件下。(2)高原低涡与热带气旋相互作用使两者移速减缓,涡区切变流场加强,正涡度平流输送使低涡加强与维持。(3)低涡为暴雨发生提供了有利的抬升条件,使降水期间涡区呈现较强的正涡度和辐合上升运动,降水最大值出现时间对应辐合上升运动最强时,降水过程中对流层中低层为垂直正螺旋度,有利于低涡系统维持和降水持续,垂直正螺旋度大值区及出现时间对强降水发生及落区有一定的指示性。(4)对流层低层暖平流输送使暴雨区能量持续积累,同时也使暴雨区中尺度对流系统生肖不断,降水得以发生和持续。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料,对2013年5月25-27日一次江淮气旋的形成发展及其引发的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:高空明显的正涡度平流、低层暖平流以及与辐合辐散区相对应的垂直运动是导致气旋发展的重要物理因子。气旋发展过程和湿位涡正压项及斜压项有很好的对应关系,气旋的增强阶段伴随对流层低层mpv_1的增大及mpv_2值的减小;高层湿位涡下传;使近地面大气斜压性增强,从而在低层诱生出气旋性环流。气旋的形成发展过程与对流层正涡度柱的形成相对应,与湿位涡的空间结构及其演变有密切的联系。气旋引发的暴雨位于气旋移动路径的左前方(东北象限),该区域低层强辐合中心和正涡度中心的耦合,加剧水汽和能量的辐合,为暴雨维持提供了条件。 相似文献
10.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°每6 h再分析资料和多普勒雷达资料,用尺度分离和物理量诊断分析方法,对2005年8月7日发生在云南新平平掌的局地大暴雨进行综合分析,结果表明:低层700 hPa滇缅脊前哀牢山沿线切变线内生成的中尺度气旋,是产生局地强降水的主要天气系统;局地大暴雨发生在低层辐合、中高层辐散的弱对流环境中,低层局地强水汽辐合为此次大暴雨提供了水汽条件;局地大暴雨发生前垂直螺旋度低层为辐合上升,强降水发生在辐合上升运动减弱期;大暴雨发生在对流云团温度梯度迅速增大的位置,多普勒雷达回波强度和回波顶高均无强对流特征;局地大暴雨发生地有逆风区形成,不断南下补充的新对流单体,使得β中尺度回波长时间维持,是导致局地大暴雨发生的重要原因。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献