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1.
风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合的矿物学、地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
不整合是构造运动和海(湖) 平面升降的产物, 其风化粘土层可作为油藏的良好封盖层, 半风化岩石孔缝系统可作为油气运移通道, 也可为油气聚集提供良好储层.深入分析不整合结构在矿物含量变化、元素及其氧化物含量变化方面的微观特征是划分不整合结构的基础, 对不整合油气藏的勘探实践具有重要意义.不整合结构可划分为风化粘土层-半风化岩石型、半风化岩石型和沉积间断型.通过济阳坳陷义和庄凸起前第三系风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构矿物与元素变化的实测数据, 结合典型地区风化壳的矿物、元素分析结果, 分析了风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构的矿物学、常量元素地球化学特征: 其矿物学特征主要表现为长石、云母等原生矿物的蚀变和高岭石、伊利石及蒙脱石等次生粘土矿物的明显增多, 粘土矿物在风化粘土层中部或风化粘土层下部-半风化岩石上部较为富集; 其常量元素地球化学特征表现为Ca、Na元素含量迅速减少, 在风化粘土层下部与半风化岩石上部通常具有Fe、Al元素的富集带, K、Mg元素的变化由于交代作用等因素而变得复杂. 相似文献
2.
大奎山上古生界下石盒子组风化壳剖面位于山东省淄博市博山区,通过对剖面观察实测及铸体薄片观察、全岩矿物组成分析、黏土矿物分析、主量元素测定以及物性测定等手段,研究风化淋滤对碎屑岩储层的改造作用。研究表明,经过风化淋滤改造,风化壳上部长石等抗风化能力弱的矿物已淋滤殆尽,转化为高岭石等黏土矿物,K、Ca、Na等易迁移元素流失,Fe、Ti等难迁移组分沉淀析出。依据风化程度及元素分布特征,识别出大奎山下石盒子组剖面遭受中等—强风化。通过纵向分带的储集性能研究,表明风化淋滤作用对砂岩物性具有明显的改善作用,孔隙度平均9.49%,渗透率平均1.59mD,相比未风化同地层储集物性有很大改善,强风化带砂岩层储集物性好,中等风化带砂岩层次之。同时,风化黏土对砂岩层产生强烈的胶结作用,导致强风化带黏土层和砂岩层交界处储集物性异常,除此之外,越靠近风化壳顶部,风化淋滤作用进行得越彻底,储集性能越好。风化壳强风化带砂岩层为优良储层发育位置,强风化带黏土层可作为局部盖层。 相似文献
3.
东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面之下风化壳发育带的的预测是地层油藏勘探的重点与难点。综合利用高精度三维地震解释、岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测录井分析及物性分析等方法,结合构造发育史、埋藏史等研究成果,对东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面下沙三上亚段地层中特殊的地震反射特征进行研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。研究表明:T1不整合面下发育典型埋藏风化壳,包括风化粘土层和半风化淋滤带2层结构;在大气淡水风化、淋滤作用下,半风化淋滤带内部地震同相轴消失,表现为空白反射特征;半风化淋滤带物性得到改善,与未风化岩石之间形成一个物性差异界面,表现为不连续的角度不整合面;未受明显风化、淋滤作用的地层,则表现为典型的角度不整合;地震反射特征的演化过程可划分4个阶段:沙三上沉积后阶段、沙三上抬升后阶段、风化壳形成早期阶段、风化壳形成阶段。地震空白反射带的发育范围是风化壳发育带的保守范围或最小范围,向湖盆方向逐渐过渡为正常地层。风化壳的发育大大改善了原岩的储集性能,可作为良好的油气储集空间和运移通道,是下步地层油气藏勘探的重点目标。 相似文献
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基于地质综合研究,系统分析了济阳坳陷义和庄凸起东部地区前第三系顶部风化壳结构特征,深入剖析了其形成主控因素,建立了该区风化壳结构发育模式,并探讨了风化壳结构对油气运聚的影响。研究认为,义和庄凸起东区前第三系顶部风化壳中,风化粘土层厚度薄,分布地区局限,物性差;半风化岩石全区发育,岩石类型多样,除部分半风化碳酸盐岩顶部存在一层致密“硬壳”外,物性多得到明显改善。风化壳结构形成受控于岩相、气候、时间、古地形、构造、后期保存程度等6大因素;多种因素相互耦合,决定了风化壳结构的空间发育;风化粘土层、半风化岩石顶部“硬壳”对油气起遮挡、封盖作用,顶部无“硬壳”的半风化岩石则可大大提高前第三系岩层的储集性能和不同层系之间的横向连通性。 相似文献
5.
基于野外露头、钻井岩芯、三维地震、测井曲线、岩石薄片以及物性分析等资料,对牛东地区下侏罗统顶部不整合类型、不整合结构特征、不整合结构体物性变化规律以及其连通性进行综合研究。结果表明:牛东地区不整合整体以削截不整合为主,同时局部地区也发育断褶不整合与平行不整合;不整合在研究区分布范围广泛,具有不整合面之上底砾岩、不整合面之下风化黏土层和半风化岩石典型3层结构;不整合各层结构岩石学和测井响应特征均具有不同特征;不整合面之上底砾岩分布稳定且厚度较大,无良好盖层,属于"散失型"运移通道;不整合面之下风化黏土层物性较差为封堵层;不整合面之下半风化岩石物性特征具有明显规律性;依据其变化趋势划分为两段,且油气多分布于上段底部具有较好的储层物性的砂岩层内。根据油源、断层、不整合以及其与油气分布关系,构建了牛东地区不整合-断裂阶梯状油气运聚模式。 相似文献
6.
济阳坳陷前第三系顶部风化壳结构发育特征及对油气成藏的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地质综合研究,系统分析了济阳坳陷前第三系顶部风化壳结构地质特征,深入剖析了其形成主控因素,总结了风化壳结构发育模式,探讨了风化壳结构对油气成藏的影响。研究认为,济阳坳陷前第三系顶部风化壳中,风化粘土层厚度薄,分布地区局限,物性差;半风化岩石全区发育,岩石类型多样,除部分半风化碳酸盐岩、火成岩、变质岩等顶部存在一层致密“硬壳”外,物性多得到改善。风化壳结构形成受控于原岩岩性、间断时间、古气候、古地形、上覆层沉积环境等5大因素;多种因素共同作用,决定了风化壳结构空间发育;风化粘土层、半风化岩石顶部“硬壳”对油气起遮挡、封盖作用,顶部无“硬壳”的半风化岩石则可大大提高前第三系岩层的储集性能和不同层系之间的横向连通性。 相似文献
7.
准噶尔盆地油气沿不整合运移的主控因素分析 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
准噶尔盆地不整合上下发现了众多油气藏,表明不整合是油气运聚的有利通道。通过对不整合上下地层中含油气流体活动特点的分析,提出了不整合的垂向结构是控制油气沿不整合运移的主导要素。不整合从垂向上可划分为上(底砾岩)下(风化壳)两层结构,有时下层风化壳顶部也会发育一层厚度不均的粘土层,使得不整合表现为三层结构。其中,风化壳又包括风化破碎型(火山岩)和风化淋滤型(碎屑岩)两类。基于底砾岩的沉积特征和风化壳的类型,从垂向结构入手,进一步将不整合划分为基岩披覆、砂砾岩和砂泥岩对接等三大类型:基岩披覆型不整合在本区对油气运移最为有利,砂砾岩型不整合次之,而砂泥岩对接型不整合一般不能成为油气运移通道。 相似文献
8.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>鄂尔多斯盆地分布着油、气、煤、铀等多种能源矿产,是进行有机-无机多种能源矿产相互作用研究的天然实验室。盆地北部分布着侏罗系直罗组下段大营—东胜大型砂岩型铀矿,铀矿富集区以南,分布着上古生界大气田;以北紧邻矿区分布着延安组顶部规模宏大的漂白砂岩以及乌兰格尔凸起上的白垩系油苗;目前找到的灰色砂岩型铀矿层受绿色蚀变砂岩控制;同时,在直罗组上段姜黄色砂岩中大规模遍布着碳酸盐蚀变产物"钙化木",在延安组漂白蚀变砂岩及直罗组含矿砂岩和绿色蚀变砂岩中还发育有碳酸盐胶结物。 相似文献
9.
不整合运移通道类型及输导油气特征 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
在对不整合空间结构特征研究的基础上,提出了油气沿不整合运移的通道类型:宏观上,存在由不整合面之上底砾岩和不整合面之下半风化岩石两种高效运载层组合成的双运移通道型和单运移通道型两种通道类型;微观上,底砾岩连通孔隙、半风化岩石构造卸荷风化裂缝系统及溶蚀孔洞系统可作为油气运移的主要通道。通过对不整合面上、下岩石物性分析,认为半风化岩石“孔洞缝”系统较底砾岩连通孔隙有更高的输导油气的能力。研究结果表明,不同的运移通道类型具有不同的输导油气特征。在地史时期,构造裂缝系统和溶蚀孔洞系统一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道;对于软地层构成的不整合来说,开始应是卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙共同构成不整合输导油气的主要通道,当上覆沉积载荷达到一定程度后,主要是底砾岩连通孔隙起输导油气通道作用;对于脆硬地层构成的不整合来说,卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型高岭土矿特征及成因机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东胜砂岩型高岭土矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,含矿层为延安组。经薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X-衍射、全岩主要元素分析（XRF）以及稀土元素地球化学分析,对矿层白色砂岩与红色原岩的岩石地球化学特征进行了对比。结果表明,原岩为基质被铁质浸染的以碎屑片状高岭石和伊利石为主的红色砂岩,而矿层则为褪色的以粒度粗细不一的高岭石胶结为主的白色砂岩。矿层砂岩的分布与盆地北部油苗位置具有很好的对应关系。综合区域地质特征、岩石学、岩石化学以及天然气运散的信息,认为砂岩型高岭土矿层的形成是由于研究区以南气田中的上古生界天然气向北运移散失过程中,将红色原岩中的氧化铁胶结物还原成易于运移的Fe2+,从而使其褪色变白;同时酸性流体使长石溶蚀形成高岭石,后期的风化淋滤作用使砂岩中的高岭石含量进一步提高,进而形成目前较大规模的高岭土矿床。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献