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1.
应用Leray-Schauder非线性二择一原理研究二阶动力系统x+k2x=f(t,x)+e(t)非平凡周期解的存在性,其中0<k<π/T,f∈C((R/TZ)×RN\{0},RN)在原点具有排斥的奇性.不需要任何的强制性条件,既可以处理强奇性,也可以处理弱奇性. 相似文献
2.
江淮之间夏季雨滴谱特征分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
分析了2011—2013年夏季(6—8月)滁州地基雨滴谱观测资料,根据雨强及其随时间的变化将降水分成对流降水和层云降水,分析不同降水类型的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:滁州地区对流降水的质量加权直径Dm和标准化参数lgNw的平均值分别为1.67 mm和3.91 mm-1·m-3,层云降水Dm和lgNw的平均值分别为1.18 mm和3.57 mm-1·m-3,对流降水雨滴平均尺度更大。Nw相比Γ分布参数N0能更好地反映总数浓度Nt的大小。Γ分布3参数均随雨强的增大而减小,当雨强增长到一定程度时,μ(谱型)和Λ(斜率)趋于常数。研究了μ-Λ关系和Z(反射率因子)-R(雨强)关系。对流降水和层云降水的Z-R关系分别为Z=408R1.20和Z=301R1.21。新的Z-R关系和经典Z-R关系(Z=300R1.40)反演的雨强相比实际观测值均偏小,但新的Z-R关系反演的雨强与实际观测值更接近。 相似文献
3.
线状中尺度对流系统内多个强降水单体的结构演变及闪电活动特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用多普勒雷达、SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统和气象自动站等观测资料,以线状中尺度对流系统内多个γ中尺度强降水单体为研究对象,揭示了单体之间、单体与β中尺度线状对流系统的多种相互关系,设计多种雷达参量对单体的结构演变进行定量化描述,进一步建立了对流单体结构演变与闪电活动的相互关系。得到以下结论：（1）线状中尺度对流系统内顺义、房山、固安、宝坻对流单体分别造成了1 h降雨23、50、27、70 mm,在其演变过程中,顺义单体被另一个单体追逐、供给,房山单体包括2个更小单体的合并过程,而固安、宝坻单体的初生和发展与线状中尺度对流系统是被喂养、吞食的关系。（2）设计的雷达参量V40（40 dBz强回波核的体积大小）、V40UP-6（6 km高度以上40 dBz强回波核的体积大小）、SET11（回波顶在11 km处的回波范围大小）量化描述了单体的三维结构演变特征,Fic（云闪频数）和Fcg（地闪频数）与上述雷达参量关系密切,如与V40UP-6的相关系数为0.63—0.97;而Fic比Fcg更敏感地呼应单体结构的变化。（3）固安单体在成熟阶段,主正电荷区（即辐射点最大密集区所处的地方）维持在较低位置,远低于其他单体在成熟阶段主正电荷区的高度。（4）在对流单体合并后,Fic和Fcg增大且主正电荷区明显抬升、闪电频数陡增对应降水强度增大、闪电频数峰值超前于降雨强度极值等特征,对灾害天气的预警具有积极意义。 相似文献
4.
在现代变分同化系统中,背景场误差协方差起着决定观测信息的空间分布特征、匹配不同变量间的关系和保证分析增量平衡的作用。基于NMC(National Meteorology Centre)方法,设计了一个新的多变量平衡约束算子:在物理变换中,构建相对湿度和其余控制变量间的平衡约束算子;同时分别采用经验正交函数方法和递归滤波器来模拟控制变量(ψ,χu,Tu,hru,psu)T的垂直误差协方差和水平误差协方差。利用2009年6月2日到8月9日间WRF模式的预报差值场,对新的背景场误差协方差进行模拟分析。单点观测试验表明,新的背景场误差协方差实现了观测信息在干湿变量之间的传递,而且相对湿度具有与温度相似的增量场分布。 相似文献
5.
江淮地区龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用多普勒雷达探测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2003—2010年发生在江淮地区的6个龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数进行了分析。研究表明：（1）龙卷超级单体风暴HBASE平均为1.7 km,HTOP平均为9.1 km;H多在风暴的下部,近于下部的1/4处。HBASE平均值比江淮地区各种超级单体的平均值低得多,HTOP则略低。（2）龙卷超级单体IVIL平均为25.6 kg/m2,ZMX平均为54.8 dBz。和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷IVIL要小得多,而龙卷ZMX略低。（3）龙卷超级单体的中气旋MBASE、MTOP和MSHR平均值分别为1.2 km、3.9 km和14.4×10-3s-1,和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷MBASE、MTOP明显低,而MSHR略高。（4）TVS参数最强时的VAD在12—45 m/s,VLLD多大于30 m/s,VMXD多超过30 m/s,VMXD的高度不低于0.8 km,TDPT在2.4—6.4 km,TBASE在0.7—1.5 km,TTOP在2.3—6.4 km,TMXSHR超过22×10-3s-1。TVS参数最强时间与龙卷实际时间基本吻合,平均相差4.2 min;平均而言,TVS出现后6 min有龙卷发生。（5）雷达推算的龙卷超级单体的0—6 km风垂直切变比江淮地区超级单体的风垂直切变平均值高15.2%;龙卷发生前ICAPE平均为1752 J/kg,IK为38℃,850 hPa到地面风切变平均超过12 m/s,850—500 hPa温差平均为23.7℃。龙卷发生前能量处在中等到强的状态,大气不稳定性较强,风垂直切变大。 相似文献
6.
湛江东海岛一次春季海雾的宏微观结构及边界层演变特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2011年2—3月利用雾滴谱仪、能见度仪、风廓线雷达及100 m边界层气象要素梯度观测塔在湛江东海岛开展海雾综合观测试验。选取2011年2月23—24日一次约15 h的浓雾过程,从宏微观角度着重分析了其间近地层风、温、湿结构和热、动力演变,微物理过程和爆发性增长特征,及湍流通量输送。结果表明：来自南海暖海面的偏东南暖湿气流平流至广东省沿岸冷海面,发生冷却并达到饱和形成海雾。偏东南暖湿气流为浓雾的酝酿、生成及成熟提供了充沛水汽和稳定的逆温层结条件,逆温强度与暖湿气流强度关系密切。海雾多发生在270 m以下,当630—870 m 高度层存在明显的下沉运动时,150—390 m高度层则可保持近似等温和弱逆温层,阻止了下层（270 m以下）水汽与其上层（390 m以上）干冷空气交换,导致下层大气持续高湿稳定状态。整个过程中,雾滴数浓度（N）、含水量（W）、平均直径（Dave）、谱宽（Dmax）和有效半径（Reff）的平均值分别为248 cm-3、0.102 g/cm3、5.2 μm、36.0 μm和7.0 μm。雾滴数浓度（N）与平均直径（Dave）在雾发展初期（生成、发展）和末期（消散）多成正相关趋势,而在成熟阶段两者多成反相关趋势。雾前4小时稳定层结及偏东南暖湿气流持续增湿可认为是雾层爆发性增长的酝酿阶段,雾滴谱拓宽是经过活跃—稳定—爆发的3阶段完成,湍流混合对其影响不大;浓雾快速消散是雾滴蒸发、重力碰并沉降、湍流碰并沉降等共同作用造成的,其中直径大于21 μm液滴的大量耗散是消散的重要阶段。雾前,湍流由强转弱。雾发生后,湍流持续较弱。由于东南急流引发的风切变导致湍流增强,感热通量出现向上强输送,这与冷海雾维持阶段高层热量交换过程类似。雾消散时,湍流逐渐转强。平均动能在雾前和雾中的两次跃增与偏东南暖湿气流显著增强有关,而雾成熟期湍流动能大幅跃增主要是由雾顶辐射冷却产生的热力湍流和风切变引发的机械湍流增强所致。 相似文献
7.
考虑了一类具p-Laplacian算子型带积分边界条件的三点奇异方程组边值问题正解的存在性.通过使用锥上的不动点定理,在适当的条件下,建立了这类方程组边值问题存在一个或多个正解的充分条件,并给出两个例子来验证主要结果. 相似文献
8.
提出了一个新的大气动力-热力学温湿参量——湿静力平衡温度（Ts）。它与密度温度（Tρ）有密切关系。作为Ts的应用示例,简化了积云一维时变模式垂直运动方程;提出了“载水气块”和“非载水气块”统一的新的“对流有效位能”表达式。结合实例,计算了“载水气块”和“非载水气块”两种情况下的对流有效位能（分别记作CAPEw和CAPE）以及对流抑制能量（分别记作CINw和CIN）等,“载水气块”与“非载水气块”两种情况的“对流有效位能”及“对流抑制能量”有较大差异。作为强对流天气分析预报的重要参数,目前计算对流有效位能和对流抑制能量的通用公式存在一定缺陷;在对“对流有效位能”的理解方面存在某些模糊认识和盲点。从新的观察角度对“对流有效位能”的概念做了详细分析并进一步阐明了其确切含义。新的方案同样可以方便地在T-lnp图上进行稳定度分析,并可根据新的公式对T-lnp的某些缺点进行修正。 相似文献
9.
通过对多普勒雷达PUP资料（回波顶高ET、回波反射率因子R19、液态水含量VIL）实时分析,编程实现了ArcGIS中Identify工具,完成雷达栅格图层（Raster）数组值索引.提出预警半径r、预警区域附角θ的概念,给出监测点抽样算法、方位角算法、（θ,α）点元筛选算法,并运用C#对各算法进行了实现.在Visual Studio2008开发环境下,实现了基于.NET的自动预警系统原型,可实时生成各作业点作业参数,为人工影响天气作业智能化提供必要理论及技术支撑. 相似文献
10.
针对二维切换系统的Fornasini-Marchesini（FM）状态空间模型,对系统耗散稳定性以及耗散镇定控制器的设计问题进行研究.首先,根据系统模型的特点,给出了二维系统（T,S,R）-δ-耗散性的定义,并提出二维切换系统渐近稳定和满足（T,S,R）-δ-耗散性的充分条件;然后利用稳定性条件和投影引理,设计了二维（T,S,R）-δ-耗散状态反馈控制器.最后,通过一个数值实例来验证所设计控制器的有效性. 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献