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1.
系统采用双膜盒作为水压的敏感元件,将光纤位移传感器用于检测膜盒随水压变化引起的形变.系统的信号处理电路包括光信号前置放大电路、带通滤波电路、真有效值转换电路,采用16位超低功耗的混合信号处理器MSP430作为数据处理模块.实验结果表明:系统可以测量0～181.0mm的水面液位变化,分辨率为0.7mm.增加膜盒的数量可以提高系统的分辨率. 相似文献
2.
光电探测系统在光度测量及光谱检测领域应用广泛,是检测的核心部件.光电探测系统的响应时间反映了该系统能够探测的极限,对其进行准确的测量在实际应用中十分必要.本文展示了一种能够准确测量光电探测系统响应时间的方法,以常用的可调谐二极管激光器（波长为763 nm）为光源,采用方波信号调谐光源输出,测量了系统的响应时间.结果显示,示波器内电阻对系统的响应时间存在影响,当电阻为50 Ω时,探测系统的响应时间为4.5 μs.降低电阻值,可以进一步缩短响应时间. 相似文献
3.
搭建了一套以中心输出波长为808.5 nm的半导体激光端面泵浦Nd:YVO4激光晶体产生1 064 nm红外激光,然后以腔内KTP晶体倍频的方法将红外激光倍频为532 nm绿光激光的固体激光实验系统,研究了808.5 nm的泵浦半导体激光的输出功率与注入电流的关系及与532 nm绿光输出功率的关系,以及KTP倍频晶体的相位匹角、泵浦光的聚焦位置和固体激光器的腔长等因素对532 nm绿光输出功率的影响.实验结果表明:提高泵浦半导体激光的泵浦功率、缩短固体激光器的腔长、将泵浦光聚焦到Nd:YVO4晶体内部以及正确选择KTP晶体的相位匹配角能够提高532 nm绿光的输出功率. 相似文献
4.
以近红外可调谐半导体激光器为光源,以反射率为９９７％左右的平凹镜组成的稳定光学谐振腔作吸收池,构建起一套腔增强吸收光谱（ＣＥＡＳ）系统;以二氧化碳气体（ＣＯ２）、一氧化碳气体（ＣＯ）、甲烷气体（ＣＨ４）以及一氧化碳和二氧化碳的混合气体为样品,利用分子在近红外波段的特征吸收,研究了在近红外波段用ＣＥＡＳ技术探测ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４ 等气体的可行性;同时也对基于可调谐半导体激光器的ＣＥＡＳ系统中激光器的波长定标、谐振腔（吸收池）的透射特征等做了研究,获得了ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４以及ＣＯ和ＣＯ２ 混合气体的特征吸收谱,最后对ＣＥＡＳ技术在定量测量方面的能力做了研究．研究结果表明,ＣＥＡＳ技术的探测灵敏度可达５６８７×１０－７ｃｍ－１,是一种装置简单、操作方便、灵敏度高、稳定性好的定量吸收光谱技术． 相似文献
5.
提出了一种实验上可行的,通过光学谐振腔内多通道参量下转换过程直接产生多色连续变量对纠缠频率梳的方案,腔内增益介质为周期极化的准相位匹配的钽酸锂(LiTaO3)一维光学超晶格.通过连续变量纠缠判据证明了每个通道中产生的每对参量光之间是相互纠缠的.讨论了对纠缠频率梳的纠缠特性随系统参数的变化.此方案在量子通信网络中有着一定的应用前景. 相似文献
6.
目前的商用偏振分析仪检测速率较低,因此在检测光纤通信中高速信号的偏振态时,需要自行搭建测量系统并结合高速实时数字示波器使用.此时,系统定标就显得尤为重要,定标方法也将直接影响测量的准确性.针对光纤型高速偏振态检测系统提出了定标方法,先通过Mueller矩阵算法对其进行了理论分析,进而通过实验证明了该定标方法准确可行,测量误差水平小于±3%. 相似文献
7.
为实现微热弯成形系统中微位移的高精度测量,构建了微位移计算机视觉测量系统.应用Matlab编写摄像机标定程序并计算摄像机的内外参数,利用OpenCV对被测对象的图像进行灰度化、二值化和Canny边缘提取,采用序贯相似性检测算法(SSDA)进行模板匹配,实现了热弯曲成形过程中模具与工件位置微位移的实时在线检测.实验结果表明,该系统对微位移的测量具有操作简单、高效的特点. 相似文献
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9.
针对考虑传感器故障的柔性航天器姿态系统,提出了一种主动容错控制方法.首先,通过对测量输出进行滤波,将传感器故障转化为执行器故障形式;接着,设计一个基于未知输入观测器的自适应故障估计观测器,对未知故障进行辨识,同时,采用了一个故障检测观测器,对故障的发生进行检测;然后,利用故障估计信号对系统输出进行调节,结合自适应积分滑模和线性矩阵不等式技术设计输出反馈容错控制器;最后,对所设计的主动容错控制方法进行仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性. 相似文献
10.
测量了不同人土雾浓度下垂直偏振入射光的透射光强。利用实验数据，分析了垂直、平行方向上透射光强的变化趋势。得出平行偏振分量透射光强大致呈指数下降的趋势，垂直偏振分量透射光强先略微上升而后下降。由退偏振度随雾浓度的变化讨论了退偏产生的原因，指出雾浓度较低时，雾滴可近似视为球形。基于光的偏振特性，从理论上分析并计算得到光在雾中传输时透射、散射光强。实验结果对研究光在雾中传输及分析大气中雾对透射光偏振态的影响有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献