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Tropical cyclones(TCs) constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season(July–October) from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm(PM_(10)) above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM_(10)/ozone(O_3) levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM_(10)/O_3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O_3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong. 相似文献
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南京气溶胶水溶性离子粒径分布及其随高度的变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2009年1月对南京市河西生活区距地面1．5、54和80m3处同步进行了大气颗粒物采样,并用离子色谱对样品进行了分析。结果显示,随着高度的增加,PM10和PM2.1的质量浓度逐渐降低,而总离子浓度随高度增加而增大。气溶胶中最主要的3种水溶性离子分别为N03、SO4 2-、Ca2＋,且3个高度的NO3-与SO4 2-浓度之比均大于1,表明该生活区移动排放源已经成为大气气溶胶离子的主要来源。3个高度处各离子粒径分布规律为：SO4 2-、NO3-、K＋在0．43-1．1um出现峰值;Ca2＋、Mg2＋、NO2-在4．7～5．8um出现峰值;Na＋、Cl-、F-在0．43～1．1um和4．7～5．8um出现双峰。 相似文献
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This study presents an exploratory analysis aimed at improving understanding
of the variability of Hong Kong air quality associated with different
climate conditions. Significantly negative correlations were found when
Nino 3 led particulate matter ≤10 μm PM10) and NO2
by 2--3 months over the Hong Kong territory, while the other pollutants
(e.g., O3, SO2) showed modest correlations. A significant
decreasing trend in visibility was observed during the autumn and winter,
which has potential implications for the air-quality degradation and the
endangerment of human health in Hong Kong. In an El Nino summer, the
visibility was relatively better, while visibility in other seasons was
diminished. On the other hand, in La Nina events, significant changes
occurred in visibility in winter and autumn. Air pollution indices were less
sensitive to the South China Summer Monsoon (SCSM), but a relatively high
correlation existed between the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and air
pollutants. Rainfall was lower during most of the strong EAWM years compared
to the weak years. This result suggests that the pollutants that accumulate
in Hong Kong are not easy to wash out, so concentrations remain at a higher
level. Finally, based on the conditional Air Pollution Index (API) risk
assessment, site-specific vulnerabilities were analyzed to facilitate the
development of the air-quality warning systems in Hong Kong. 相似文献
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北京地区气溶胶PM2.5粒子浓度的相关因子及其估算模型 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
文中运用统计分析和气象统计预报的方法 ,使用北京白石桥小区的污染物观测资料和同期北京地区的气象观测资料 ,对影响大气污染的气象因子进行了综合分析 ,并分别建立了气溶胶PM 2 .5粒子浓度与气体污染物、气象要素场的两类统计相关拟合模型。发现气溶胶PM2 .5粒子浓度与气体污染物浓度存在不同程度的相关性 ,且与气象条件亦存在显著的相关关系 ,此类时空变化及其量化估算模型具有一定实际应用价值。通过确定气象要素场和气溶胶浓度的关系可进一步研究不同地区的污染物输送和污染源扩散影响的问题。 相似文献
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为了解粤港澳地区气溶胶光学厚度分布和时序变化规律, 深入认识大气气溶胶的光学特性及其气候效应, 利用2010—2019年的MODIS C61 AOD 3 km逐日产品, 分析了粤港澳地区的AOD空间分布及年、季、月变化特征。(1) MODIS AOD与AERONET CE318 AOD最优拟合系数为0.96, 与SolarSIM-D2 AOD拟合系数为0.62, 与PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > 、PM < sub > 10 < /sub > 的最优拟合系数为0.58、0.56。(2)空间上表现为珠三角AOD值高, 粤西次之, 粤北及粤东北较低。(3)年变化特征整体上呈明显的下降趋势, 2010—2014年AOD波动上升, 至2014年达到峰值, 2015年后AOD显著减小, 于2016年达到最低值。(4)季节上表现为春季 > 夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季。(5)月变化特征表现为3月最大(AOD值: 0.73), 4月次之, 5—8月AOD维持在高值且波动平稳, 9—12月显著下降。研究显示, 粤港澳地区颗粒物污染防治应以佛山、广州等珠江三角洲城市及粤西为主, 重点控制春夏季高污染企业生产强度及颗粒物排放。 相似文献
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Chemical Composition of Summertime PM2.5 and Its Relationship to Aerosol Optical Properties in Guangzhou, China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Urban aerosols have a large effect on the deterioration of air quality and the degradation of atmospheric visibility.Characterization of the chemical composition of PM 2.5 and in situ measurements of the optical properties of aerosols were conducted in July 2008 at an urban site in Guangzhou,Southern China.The mean PM 2.5 concentration for the entire period was 53.7±23.2 μg m 3.The mean PM 2.5 concentration (82.7±25.4 μg m 3) on hazy days was roughly two times higher than that on clear days (38.8±8.7 μg m 3).The total water-soluble ion species and the total average carbon accounted for 47.9%±4.3% and 35.2%±4.5%,respectively,of the major components of PM 2.5.The increase of secondary and carbonaceous aerosols,in particular ammonium sulfate,played an important role in the formation of haze pollution.The mean absorption and scattering coefficients and the single scattering albedo over the whole period were 53±20 M m 1,226±111 M m 1,and 0.80±0.04,respectively.PM 2.5 had a high linear correlation with the aerosol extinction coefficient,elemental carbon (EC) was correlated with aerosol absorption,and organic carbon (OC) and SO 4 2 were tightly linked to aerosol scattering. 相似文献
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对中国中东部3个区域大气本底观测站2015年12月—2017年12月PM10质量浓度及其化学成分空间分布与季节变化特征进行研究,结果显示:研究期间龙凤山站、临安站和金沙站平均PM10质量浓度分别为57.5,62.2 μg·m-3和57.6 μg·m-3。其中临安站和金沙站2017年PM10质量浓度较2016年有所下降,但龙凤山站有所上升。与2013年相比,临安站和金沙站平均PM10质量浓度分别降低29.3%和26.2%。临安站SO42-,NO3-和NH4+平均质量浓度分别为9.9,8.2 μg·m-3和3.7 μg·m-3,金沙站分别为10.2,6.7 μg·m-3和2.6 μg·m-3,均高于龙凤山站的5.9,4.9 μg·m-3和2.1 μg·m-3,其中龙凤山站和临安站的NO3-与SO42-质量浓度比值较高（0.9和0.8）,金沙站较低（0.6）。龙凤山站的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）质量浓度分别为10.1 μg·m-3和2.7 μg·m-3,临安站为6.7 μg·m-3和3.1 μg·m-3,金沙站为4.7 μg·m-3和2.3 μg·m-3,即龙凤山站OC最高,金沙站最低,3个站点的EC基本相当,临安站略高。与2013年相比,研究期间临安站SO42-,NH4+和OC分别下降38.1%,26.0%和55.6%,金沙站分别下降46.3%,51.9%和44.7%,但临安站和金沙站的NO3-分别上升12.3%和15.5%;临安站EC下降27.9%,金沙站EC上升4.5%。3个站点夏季PM10,NO3-,EC质量浓度及NO3-与SO42-质量浓度比值均最低。 相似文献
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利用珠江三角洲5个城市气象观测站 (广州、深圳、台山、惠州、高要) 的长期能见度观测资料, 采用累积百分率、Ridit分析法和烟幕/霾日频率3种统计分析方法, 分析了1954—2004年珠江三角洲能见度变化趋势, 初步探讨了珠江三角洲大气环境的变化特征及其可能原因。结果表明:近50年来, 珠江三角洲城市能见度呈显著下降趋势。能见度的下降起始于20世纪70年代初, 并在经济高速发展的80—90年代初进一步恶化, 90年代中期之后虽然能见度变化趋于平缓, 但能见度下降的趋势仍未从根本上改变。珠江三角洲能见度与当地的人口增加和经济发展程度有密切的关系, 同时污染物的区域输送对西部下风向城市能见度也有很大影响。珠江三角洲能见度未得到有效改善的主要原因, 很可能是由于细粒子污染, 尤其是二次粒子前体物如SO2和NOX等的排放未得到有效控制。 相似文献
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采用WRF中尺度模式和美国国家环境预报中心每6h一次的1°×1°全球再分析资料,分别对西北太平洋1208号台风韦森特及1415号台风海鸥个例进行了数值模拟,结果表明WRF模式可以较好地模拟台风中心移动的路径与强度变化,单点风速的时间变化表明模拟得到的近地风场与实际观测吻合。在模式结果与实际观测比较一致的基础上,开展了改变特定区域内的地形和陆面特征的敏感性试验,通过比较不同站点的观测和模拟风速的变化,探究台风影响下香港及深圳地区地形和下垫面性质的改变对深圳不同地区阵风变化的作用,发现对于登陆粤西或向西移动的台风,香港地形和陆地的阻挡和摩擦作用减弱了台风在深圳中西部地区引起的风速,香港对深圳中西部起到了一定的缓冲和保护作用,另外深圳地区的梧桐山地形所形成的峡口使得盐田港风力增大。 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable. 相似文献
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利用2011年能见度、相对湿度、风速逐时观测资料和11月16日至12月13日期间颗粒物膜采样数据,分析天津市大气能见度与PM2.5组分的关系。结果表明：天津颗粒物质量浓度与能见度变化总体呈负相关,PM2.5和相对湿度对能见度的影响作用明显。能见度与颗粒物中TC质量浓度变化呈负相关,SO42-,NO3-,OC和EC是影响大气能见度的主要组分,其中SO42-浓度对能见度影响最大,其次为OC浓度、EC浓度,NO3-浓度对能见度的影响相对较小。后向轨迹和混合层高度分析表明,气象条件是造成PM2.5质量浓度分布差异的重要原因。 相似文献
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By using the observational O3 data of Kunming and Hong Kong during the period of 1997 – 2001, the paper studies the distribution and variation of total ozone in low latitude region of China. The study shows that the characteristics of variation in Kunm… 相似文献
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为了解和掌握上级指导产品对石家庄市空气质量预报的适用性,进一步提高石家庄市空气质量预报的准确性,利用国家气象中心(NMC)、北京区域气象中心(BJ)和河北省气象局(HB)空气质量预报产品,对石家庄市夏季4种主要污染物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3和SO_2的预报进行了对比检验,结果表明:1)NMC对4种污染物的预报效果均逊于HB和BJ的,对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和SO_2的预报值明显较实况偏大,尤其在发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的空报率高达90%以上;2)HB对PM_(10)和SO_2的预报效果好于BJ的,对SO_2的预报值与实况值均在一个等级范围内,发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)的预报效果好于BJ的,预报值更接近于实况,但对重污染向优、良转折天气的预报值偏高;3)BJ预报PM_(2.5)和O_3的效果好于HB的,对O_3的0级误差级别预报准确率高达90.5%,对PM_(2.5)优到轻度污染等级的预报效果较好,但对重污染天气的预报值低于实况。 相似文献
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利用气象模式WRF驱动区域空气质量模式RAQMS,模拟研究了2014年北京地区春季颗粒物及气溶胶化学组分的时空变化,对比分析了沙尘期（3月17日、29日）和霾期（3月25～27日）的天气形势、气象要素和气溶胶化学组分特征,比较了沙尘和人为气溶胶表面非均相化学反应对大气化学成分的影响及相对贡献。结果显示,模式对于气象要素、PM2.5、PM10及其化学组分具有较好的模拟能力,考虑了气溶胶表面非均相化学反应后明显提高了模式对PM2.5及气溶胶化学组分模拟的准确性。沙尘期间,沙尘对PM10质量浓度贡献占主导地位（50.7%）,对PM2.5的贡献与有机气溶胶（OM）和人为排放的一次颗粒物（PPM）相当;霾期间,硝酸盐NO3?（25.6%）和OM（23.6%）对PM2.5的贡献最大,在PM10中NO3?、PPM和OM的贡献相当。沙尘期,粗粒子明显增加,在PM10中所占比例与细粒子相当,为45.5%;霾期,细粒子占主导地位,占PM10质量浓度的85.6%。非均相化学反应使沙尘期间硫酸盐（SO42–）和NO3–浓度分别增加16.9%和83.8%,使霾期间的SO42?和NO3–浓度分别增加14.5%和45.0%。2014年3月,非均相化学反应使北京月均SO2、NO2、O3、SO42?、NH4+和NO3?的浓度分别变化了?2.5%、?5.7%、?3.4%、11.7%、18.6%和58.5%,本文结果表明非均相化学反应对二次无机气溶胶的生成有重要贡献。 相似文献
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为研究香港地区低能见度时数变化规律,采用HHT变换 (Hilbert-Huang Transform) 对1968—2014年香港地区的低能见度时数进行周期分析。基于瞬时能量、稳定性和M-K检验 (Mann-Kendall test) 得到低能见度时数变化的突变点,结合1997—2013年污染物数据,采用t检验分析了各污染物与突变点以后的低能见度时数之间的相关性。结果表明:香港地区低能见度时数总体呈上升趋势,且存在1年、2年、3年和7年的年际变化周期以及10年和大于20年的代际变化周期;季节方面则表现为冬季最多,春、秋季次之,夏季最少。1993年为香港地区的低能见度时数的变化突变点;香港低能见度时数与SO2、NOX、RSP、PM2.5、VOC、CO排放的关系密切。 相似文献
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An Examination of ENSO’s Effect on the Monthly and Seasonal Climate of Hong Kong from a Statistical Perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study aims to examine the effect of El Nino and La Nina on the monthly and seasonal climate of Hong Kong against the ENSO-neutral situation from a statistical perspective. Monthly and seasonal temperature and rainfall of Hong Kong and monthly number of tropical cyclones (TCs) coming within 500 km of the city over the 59-yr (1950-2008) period are examined under three ENSO situations, namely El Nino, La Nina, and ENSO-neutral. It is found that, compared with the ENSO-neutral situation, El Nino tends... 相似文献