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海蜇养殖群体及自然捕获群体ITS 序列遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)自然海区群体和养殖群体遗传多样性,对烟台莱州湾和江苏海州湾自然海区捕获群体及威海养殖群体24个个体的ITS序列进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,获得DNA片段长度在1 080~1 096 bp之间,包括完整的ITS1,5.8S和完整ITS2序列。结果表明,在所测碱基序列中共发现26个变异位点,4处多碱基插入位置,29个插入缺失位点。群体内平均核苷酸差异数K和平均核苷酸多样性指数Pi为2.179~2.750和0.002 02~0.002 54,群体间平均核苷酸差异数K值波动在2.797~3.031之间,遗传距离在0.002 30~0.002 81之间,遗传分化指数(Fst)值在0.032 50~0.730 8之间,群体内及群体间遗传多样性指标数值比较相近,群体间的遗传距离比较小,群体遗传结构相似,群体间没有明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
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分别研究了徐闻3种滨珊瑚的ITS1和ITS2基因的碱基组成和G+C含量,并和已上传至Genbank上的其他9种滨珊瑚的ITS序列进行比较,研究了徐闻3种滨珊瑚的系统发生关系.序列分析结果显示,3种滨珊瑚的ITS1的长度为205 bp～209 bp,G+C含量为37.6％～45.5％,ITS2的长度为192 bp～226 bp,G+C含量为45.1％～50.7％,利用MEGA4.1软件计算滨珊瑚属基于ITS1和ITS2基因的平均遗传距离分别为0.097和0.200.基于ITS1和ITS2的NJ系统进化树都显示出,灰黑滨珊瑚位于进化树的基部,是原始的类群,普格滨珊瑚是进化类群,澄黄滨珊瑚是过渡类群. 相似文献
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采用通用引物PCR扩增法,测定了辽东湾海域的白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)螅状体、碟状体及水母体的18S以及ITS-5.8S r DNA序列,同时利用Gene Bank数据库中已有同源序列对其进行序列分析及系统分析。结果显示,白色霞水母3个个体的18S和ITS-5.8S r DNA序列完全一致。白色霞水母样品的ITS-5.8S r DNA序列与Gen Bank中未知真核生物的序列高度相似(≥99%),推测该物种可能是早期发育阶段(卵、浮浪幼虫或碟状体)的白色霞水母样品。霞水母属不同种间18S r DNA序列经比对后同源序列长度为1709bp,多态位点数33个;比对后ITS1同源序列长度为368bp,其中变异位点203个,简约信息位点数178个,单变异位点21个。基于18S r DNA基因序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0、0.008,而基于ITS1序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0.019、0.284。基于ITS1的种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的15倍,适合于进行物种鉴定。NJ系统树的结果也表明同种的不同个体各自聚枝,其聚类结果大致与形态分类吻合。研究表明,ITS基因片段在霞水母不同种间变异较大,更适于大型水母种类鉴定、检测及属内种间水平的系统进化研究。 相似文献
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利用16S rRNA基因序列分子识别红斑后海螯虾,然后对海南附近海域(18°30′-19°00′N,111 °30′-112°30′ E)、北部湾口海域(15°41′ N,110°40′ E)和南沙群岛海域(5°20′-5°29′N,110°09′-111°26′E)三个地理群体进行ITS1的扩增测序.16S rRNA基因序列的结果表明所取样本准确;三个地理群体分别得到616-623bp、619bp和614bp的ITS1全长序列,A、G、T、C含量平均分别为22.3％、29.4％、17.8％和30.6％;其中562个保守位点,39个多态位点.ML和NJ聚类分析显示三个地理群体共聚为三个大支,其中海南群体有群体分化.表明红斑后海螯虾三个地理群体分化极其显著,且海南群体具有相对高的遗传多样性. 相似文献
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利用荧光标记扩增片段长度多态性(fAFLP)技术对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)4种帘蛤科贝类的群体遗传多样性和种间关系进行了研究。选择EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ进行酶切,使用6个E 3/M 3引物组合进行扩增,共获得1 096个位点,多态位点比率95.1%,片段长度50~456 bp。其中,文蛤、青蛤、菲律宾蛤仔和硬壳蛤分别得到681,715,702和694个位点,相应的多态位点比率为76.8%,81.7%,83.0%和75.1%,得到17个种特异性位点,可作为4物种特征标记。分析了群体遗传相似系数和遗传多样性指数以及种间遗传相似系数。结果表明,硬壳蛤群体遗传相似系数最高(0.670 9),遗传多样性指数最低(0.236 0);菲律宾蛤仔群体遗传相似系数最低(0.592 5),遗传多样性指数最高(0.261 8);根据遗传相似系数采用UPGMA法构建了4物种32个体的聚类图,表明文蛤与菲律宾蛤仔遗传关系最近,青蛤与其他3物种遗传关系较远。 相似文献
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对我国沿海地区10个菲律宾蛤仔野生群体线粒体16S r RNA和COI基因部分序列进行测序,分别得到了长度为473bp和632bp的片段。结果表明,16S r RNA 193条序列A+T平均含量为66.6%,共检测到21个变异位点,193个个体具有22种单倍型;COI基因183条序列A+T平均含量为64.8%,共检测到126个变异位点,183个个体具有67种单倍型。基于群体间遗传距离利用Mega5.1软件构建10个群体的NJ树,聚类结果表明,大连群体和荣成群体聚为一支,其余8个群体聚为一支。AMOVA分析表明,大连群体和荣成群体间分化不显著,而荣成、大连群体与其余8个群体间的分化达到极显著水平(P0.01),说明我国沿海的菲律宾蛤仔野生群体存在一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
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基于线粒体16S rRNA 基因研究5 个栉江珧野生群体的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用通用引物对山东长岛、文登、日照、广东湛江和海南三亚等5个地理群体栉江珧(Atrina pectinta)16S rRNA序列进行扩增、测序分析,得到59条441bp的核苷酸序列.其中T、C、A、G和A+T的平均含量分别为29.91%、17.41%、25.74%、26.94%及55.65%, AT含量高于GC含量,共检测到了9个单倍型和26个核苷酸多态位点.群体多样性分析表明,文登群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平.AMOVA 分析表明,五群体间总遗传分化系数Fst =0.5007(P<0.001),群体间遗传分化略大于群体内、群体间存在较高的遗传分化.基于群体间遗传距离构建NJ和UPGMA分子进化树,5个地理群体的栉江珧聚为两个支,长岛、文登、日照群体聚为一支,海南和湛江群体聚为另一支. 相似文献
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对采自莱州湾和胶州湾的日本蟳野生群体的线粒体16S rRNA和COI基因片段进行了PCR扩增和测序,分别得到长度为519和658 bp的碱基序列.研究结果显示这2个基因片段在种内的变异都较低,对2个基因同源序列分析表明,在线粒体16SrRNA基因片段中共检测到7个变异位点(包括6个单一变异位点,1个简约信息位点)和7种单倍型;在COI基因中共检测到8个变异位点(包括6个单一变异位点,2个简约信息位点)和7种单倍型.通过统计变异位点、平均核苷酸差异数和核苷酸多样性指数,分析比较了两群体间的序列差异和遗传多样性水平.结果显示2个日本蟳野生群体的遗传多样性比较丰富.用MEGA4.0软件构建了NJ和UPMGA系统树,基于16SrRNA基因片段的系统树显示梭子蟹科的4个属聚为两大支:日本蝇不同的单倍型先聚在一起,然后与青蟹属的3种蟹聚为一支;梭子蟹属的三疣梭子蟹、远海梭子蟹及塞氏梭子蟹聚在一起;再与美青蟹属的美洲蓝蟹、巴西蓝蟹等聚为一支.基于COI基因显示日本蟳不同的单倍型先聚在一起,再与其他3种蟳聚为一支;梭子蟹属的远海梭子蟹和三疣梭子蟹相聚,然后与美青蟹属的2种蟹相聚为一支.该结果与传统分类一致.这些数据为我国日本蟳的种质资源保护和利用提供了基础的分子生物学依据. 相似文献
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采用通用引物对辽宁盘锦、辽宁大连、山东日照的3个地理群体黑龙江河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula amurensis)COI和16S r RNA序列进行扩增、测序分析,得到30条658bp的COI基因部分序列和27条450 bp的16S r RNA基因部分序列。其中COI和16S r RNA基因部分序列T、C、A、G和A+T的平均含量分别为45.4%和32.0%、13.5%和13.3%、20.7%和29.3%、20.4%和25.3%、66.1%和61.3%,AT含量高于GC含量,这与其他软体动物门动物的COI和16S r RNA的观测结果相近。COI和16S r RNA分别检测到了24个单倍型、43个核苷酸多态位点和9个单倍型、19个核苷酸多态性位点。AMOVA分析表明,3个群体间COI和16S r RNA部分基因总遗传分化系数分别为Fst=0.0090(P0.001)和Fst=0.0674(P0.001),群体内遗传分化远大于群体间、群体内存在较高的遗传分化。用NJ法构建分子进化树,3个地理群体的黑龙江河蓝蛤聚为一个族群,有少数个体和其他群体的个体聚在一起。 相似文献
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A breeding-selection program for the clam,Meretrix meretrix,was conducted since 2004.Two of the selection populations were generated with the shell color pattern as an additional selection criterion and named as SP(purple stripes)population and SB(black dots)population.The third-generation SP and SB populations(08G3SP and 08G3SB,respectively)were cultured at two commercial clam farms and a nursery pond and their shell lengths were compared.08G3SB clams had significantly larger sizes than 08G3SP clams at commercial clam farms(p<0.05),yet 08G3SB individuals were significantly smaller than 08G3SP individuals at the nursery pond(p<0.05).Then,we examined the growth of the fourth-generation SP and SB populations(10G4SP and 10G4SB,respectively)at a commercial farm,and found that the shell lengths of the 10G4SB clams increased at a significantly higher growth rate than the 10G4SP clams(p<0.05)from May to September,when the water temperature was between 24.2–27.5 C,while 10G4SB lost the growth advantage in the other months.These results indicated that SP and SB populations responded differently to environmental factors,so it is beneficial for the clam farmers to select a suitable population according to the culture environment.Furthermore,a diallel mating of the SB and SP populations was designed to investigate whether their hybrid population would show heterosis.However,the heterosis was not shown in this study,which might result from the slight genetic divergence between SB and SP populations. 相似文献
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为了解色素控制基因与壳色的关系,本实验用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)技术分析了酪氨酸酶基因(Tyrosinase,TYR)在菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)4种壳色蛤仔和7种组织中的表达特性。结果表明,酪氨酸酶基因在鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、性腺、内脏团、水管和唇瓣中均有表达,其中外套膜中表达量较高,其次为鳃,在闭壳肌中表达量最少。不同的酪氨酸酶基因在4种壳色的表达量不同,酪氨酸酶基因TYR2、TYR3、TYR6和TYR9在白斑马蛤中表达量居高,且与斑马蛤和白蛤差异显著(P0.05)。TYR2、TYR6和TYR10在橙蛤中表达量最高,推测与橙色形成有关。TYR11在斑马蛤中表达量最高,且与白蛤和白斑马蛤差异显著(P0.05),推测与背景色形成有关。系统发育分析结果表明,TYR3与马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)同源性最高为64%。TYR10与加州双斑蛸(Octopus bimaculoides)同源性最高,为53%。与长牡蛎进化关系最近。 相似文献
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文蛤外套腔中一种寄生桡足类的扫描电镜观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用扫描电镜对寄生于文蛤外套腔中的一种桡足类Ｏｓｔｒｉｎｃｏｌａｋｏｅ的外部形态进行了观察。该桡足类是作者于１９８８和１９８９年秋季，在江苏南部沿海文蛤大批死亡原因调查时，在文蛤外套腔中发现的。寄生于贝类的桡足类在我国属首次报道。 相似文献
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A 3×3 complete diallel cross comprising three families of the clam Meretrix meretrix(P1, P2 and P3) was used to determine the combining ability of parental families and heterosis of F1 under indoor and openair environments for growth traits. Analysis of variance for shell length and whole body weight indicated highly significant cross effects, environment effects and the interaction of cross by environment. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combing ability exhibited great variation among crosses and between two environments. Pooled over environments, P2 was the top combiner among the three parental families for both traits studied. The cross of P1 and P3 had the highest SCA. Additionally, significant reciprocal effects were observed. For individual environment, about half of the crossbred combinations showed favorable Mid-parent heterosis(MPH)(1%) for the shell length and whole body weight. Our data has shown that non-additive genetic and reciprocal effects constituted the major sources of genetic variation for both shell length and whole body weight, which indicates that crossbreeding among selective families could further explore the heterotic effects. 相似文献
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红壳色文蛤选育子代各壳色的形态分化及养殖效果的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以红壳色为目标性状,于2009年进行了文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)的群体选育研究,建立了红壳色选系子一代(Fl),对子一代壳色种类、分布频率及其数量性状进行了统计、测量和分析,并对各壳色的形态、生长速度做了研究.结果表明,文蛤壳色具有多态性,红色、黄色、白双、黄双、波纹的分布频率分别为75.58%、8.55%、0.53%、14.83%、0.50%.红壳色亲本的子代中出现红色∶花色=3∶1,符合孟德尔遗传模式.聚类分析与欧氏距离矩阵结果表明,文蛤波纹与黄色遗传距离最近,白双与黄双遗传距离相近,与红壳色的遗传距离最远.主成分分析显示白双文蛤与黄双文蛤在空间分布上相对重叠,波纹文蛤与黄色文蛤具有较高的重叠率,而红壳色文蛤相对分散,从而进一步说明5种壳色文蛤的遗传距离关系.经过1a同池养殖,子代壳长多数已达到10～30 mm,红壳色文蛤的日生长率为0.20%,花壳色文蛤的日生长率为0.18%,且红壳色文蛤的相对比较生长速度比花壳色文蛤快10.41%.红壳色文蛤选育子代的壳长与壳宽、壳高、粒重存在一定的回归关系.红壳色文蛤壳长对壳宽、壳高、粒重的回归方程分别为:y1=0.502 4x1-0.556 0(R2=0.992 0)、y3=0.8103x3+0.620 0(R2=0.995 6)、y5=0.000 3x25.9029(R2=0.991 9),花壳色文蛤壳长对壳宽、壳高、粒重的回归方程分别为:y2=0.495 3x2-0.419 2(R2=0.990 9)、y4=0.798 5x4+0.793 5(R2=0.995 6)、y6=0.000 4x26.845 8(R2=0.993 4).研究结果为文蛤的红壳色定向选育奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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以蛤仔橙色全同胞家系为材料,采用建立近交组和设置对照组的方法,进行了近交对橙色家系的生长和存活性状影响的研究。结果表明:在整个实验期间,橙色家系壳长生长都慢于对照组,除60日龄外,其它各日龄二者壳长差异显著(P<0.05);橙色家系存活率高于对照组,除360日龄外,其它各日龄二者存活率均差异显著(P<0.05)。橙色家系生长的近交衰退率范围为5.38%—26.57%,平均值为15.48%±6.44%,但存活性状在各日龄没有出现近交衰退。在330日龄时,对橙色家系的形态学性状进行正态分布检验,结果表明:近交使橙色家系内出现小型化个体。本研究为通过建立家系选育蛤仔橙色新品系的育种方法奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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Infestation of the surf clam Mesodesma donacium by the spionid polychaete Polydora bioccipitalis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jos M. Riascos Olaf Heilmayer Marcelo E. Oliva Jürgen Laudien Wolf E. Arntz 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,59(4):217-227
The surf clam Mesodesma donacium is an economically important species for Chilean and Peruvian shellfisheries. This clam is often infested by Polydora bioccipitalis, a species belonging to the Spionidae, the most common parasitic polychaete group. To study this association, clams were sampled monthly over a one-year period in northern Chile. Collected clams covered the entire available size range and were classified into four infestation levels in order to study: (1) the relationship between prevalence of infestation (PI) and host size, (2) the temporal pattern of infestation events related to seasonal temperature changes, and (3) the relationship between infestation, body condition index (BCI) and gonado-somatic index (GSI). Additionally, growth rate and digging ability of clams with different infestation levels was studied. A logistic regression model best explained the relationship between PI and host size, with the smallest infested clam being 34 mm long and PI increasing steeply thereafter. Ontogenetic shifts in the habitat of the clam and ontogenetic changes, mainly in shell morphology, seem to explain the sigmoid pattern. Periods of increased shell blistering after infestation by P. bioccipitalis showed a similar seasonal pattern with GSI and BCI of non-infested clams, suggesting either an association between infestation ability and low condition of the clam or common environmental triggers for those factors. Heavily infested clams showed a significant lower BCI, growth rate and digging ability; however, given its low number, they are unlikely to be significant in terms of the local population survival. However, the infestation could play a key role in explaining mass mortality of northern populations during El Niño events, given the latitudinal differences in PI and the fact that infestation ability could be enhanced by increased temperature and facilitated in stressed clams. 相似文献
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Dimitar B. Zlatev Michael C. Lordon Emma A. Schremp Andrew C. Steffen Allison E. Grecco Jason S. Bystriansky Jalene M. LaMontagne 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(3)
Moon snail predation on clams is a common model system of predator–prey interactions. In this system, the predator bores through the shell of its prey, leaving a distinct and identifiable hole. Some paleoecological and behavioral research on moon snails suggests a trend in predation preference directed toward clams with small shells. Rarely, however, have studies tested relative drilling frequencies across species and size ranges in natural assemblages of clam communities. We examined the clam community composition at two beaches in South Carolina, USA, and we then tested moon snail predator preferences for (a) clam prey species and (b) whether their selection is related to prey shell size. We collected a total of 1,879 clam shells, identified each shell to species and recorded their anteroposterior length. The species composition of clams differed significantly between the two beaches; Anadara ovalis was dominant at both sites, but three of ten total species were only collected at one beach. Folly Beach had nearly a 60% higher the overall drilling frequency (34.6%) versus Edisto Beach (21.8%), and this may be linked to the differences in clam community compositions at the sites. For A. ovalis and Mulinia lateralis, shells with larger lengths have lower probabilities of being bored by a moon snail. Anadara brasiliana, which generally is a thinner‐shelled clam species, had the highest total drilling frequency (77.2%), and Noetia ponderosa, a thicker‐shelled clam, had a considerably lower drilling frequency (12.0%). We conclude that both community level factors (species composition) and population characteristics (shell size distributions) may influence the local drilling frequency by moon snails. 相似文献
19.
以江苏文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为研究对象,采集红壳色文蛤原种、黄壳色文蛤原种、红壳色文蛤选育F1、红壳色文蛤选育F2 4个群体,检测其主要非挥发性鲜味物质成分单磷酸腺苷(AMP)、单磷酸鸟苷(GMP)、次黄嘌呤核苷酸(IMP)、琥珀酸、游离氨基酸、无机离子(Na~+、K~+、Cl~–、PO_4~(3–))的含量,并通过味道强度值(TAV)评价其呈味作用。鉴于核苷酸与氨基酸在呈味方面的协同效应,采用味精当量(EUC)评价不同文蛤群体的鲜味品质。结果表明,文蛤软体组织中AMP、琥珀酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、Na+、K~+、Cl~–的TAV值大于1,是文蛤鲜味的主要贡献者;红壳色文蛤原种的鲜味强度最大(4.92 g/100g),其子代红壳色文蛤F1(4.08 g/100g)、红壳色文蛤F2(4.09 g/100g)稍有降低,但仍显著高于黄壳色文蛤原种(3.34 g/100g)(P0.05),表明江苏红壳色文蛤在鲜味品质方面具有相对稳定的较高品质。 相似文献
20.
胶州湾双壳类壳体中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Sr元素组成及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨影响双壳类元素组成的可能因素,从胶州湾沿岸不同取样点采集黄海近海常见的菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)、褶牡蛎(Oystrea denselamellosa)和紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis),分别测量了3种壳体的矿物物相类型和壳体中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Sr元素组成。研究表明:3种壳体分别属于文石质、方解石质和混合质壳;Ca,Mn元素含量在菲律宾蛤仔、褶牡蛎和紫贻贝壳体中没有差别,而Mg元素含量在菲律宾蛤仔壳体中含量较低,在褶牡蛎壳体和紫贻贝壳体中含量较高,Sr元素恰好与Mg元素相反。双壳类壳体中元素组成主要受壳体矿物物相类型的制约,而与水体环境要素之间的关系弱。 相似文献