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基于0903,0906和0908号台风期间的FY-3A极轨卫星微波湿度计(FY-3A/MWHS)数据,借助于多元线性逐步回归方法,探讨了利用FY-3A极轨卫星定量估计降水的方法,同时结合自动气象站实测资料、TRMM和FY-2C卫星降水估计结果对FY-3A/MWHS降水估计精度进行了验证。结果表明,FY-3A/MWHS估计降水与地面实测降水具有较好的相关性,对不同等级雨量均有一定的估测能力,尤其对中等量级的降水无论是在降水落区还是在降水量级上均具有较高的准确率。与FY-2C静止卫星相比,无论是在对不同量级降水估计的"击中率",还是在估计精度方面,FY-3A/MWHS数据更具优势。利用FY-3A/MWHS对不同高度、不同角度的湿度响应特性开展定量降水估计,是降水估计方法的一种新的探索和必要的补充。 相似文献
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中国东部地区卫星估计降水系统及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于两年的地面观测和GMS-5静止卫星云图等资料样本库,采用多元回归方法建立了中国东部地区六小时降水量分级估计业务系统。在大片层状云、孤立对流云等不同性质的降水条件下对该系统进行业务试运行,结果表明：1)使用多通道卫星云图资料,特别是红外和水汽通道亮温差、红外亮温的时间变率等云图衍生资料,可以有效的提高卫星定量估计降水准确率。2)由逐日实时资料库建立的回归估计方程,每6h更新一次,大大地改善了大片厚卷云和特殊地形引起的空报。 相似文献
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利用静止气象卫星资料估算青藏高原降水的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用间隔为３ｈ的静止气象卫星红外云图资料，分析了我国夏季青藏高原上云系的空间分布特征，并以１９８１￣１９８３年６、７、８月的红外云图资料与相应地区的降水资料，建立利用卫星云圈资料估算青藏高原地区降水的模式。检验表明该方法对称补青藏高原上地面站稀少，降水资料不足的缺陷很有帮助，能为研究青藏高原地区的气候状况、水资源的分布和数量提供依据。 相似文献
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应用静止气象卫星GMS－5的红外云图及其数字化资料对1998－2001年4－9月、2002年4月乌鲁木齐地区99场小量、8场中量、25场大量、11场暴量降水过程进行了分析，总结出造成乌鲁木齐地区降水的主要云系特征与路径分型，云系与天气系统配置关系、相应降水情况的概念模式以及在实际业务中应用静止气象卫星云图及其数字化资料制作降水预报应注意的问题。 相似文献
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利用1979—2006年云南及周边地区148个测站月降水资料 (简称为STN) 与APHRO (日本APHRODITE高分辨率逐日亚洲陆地降水数据集)、GPCC (全球降水气候中心的月降水合成数据)、CRU (英国East Anglia大学提供的月降水要素数据集)、CMAP (雨量资料与卫星估计及NCEP/NCAR再分析降水场合并分析月数据)、GPCP (全球降水气候中心研制的全球陆地雨量计观测分析月数据) 5套格点降水资料,分析了云南及周边地区气候特征。结果表明:5套格点降水资料空间分布与STN基本一致。EOF第1模态空间场分布也表明:这5套格点降水资料与STN空间分布特征较为一致,但5套格点降水资料在滇南、滇西北、滇川黔交界的3个区域的分布与STN有较大不同,各套资料的EOF第1模态时间序列、与STN的相关系数及均方根误差均随时间不同呈较为一致的波动性;在降水空间分布、相关系数及均方根误差3个方面,APHRO适用性最好,GPCC次之,CMAP与GPCP无明显差别,CRU最差,其中APHRO,GPCC在对降水估计偏低,CRU对降水估计总体略高,CMAP略低,GPCP对降水估计则明显偏高。 相似文献
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利用多种定量指标和分类指标,评估PERSIANN-CDR(Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Netw orks-Climate Data Record)和TRM M 3B42 V7 (Tropical Rainfall M easuring M ission 3B42 V7)两种降水卫星产品在雅鲁藏布江流域的反演精度,并首次在雅鲁藏布江流域使用降水量体积分类指标对卫星数据的适用性进行评价。结果表明:(1)降水卫星数据的偏差主要表现在微量和重度降水的偏差上,两种降水卫星数据总是高估了弱降水,低估了强降水,PERSIANN降水卫星要比TRM M降水卫星对降水数据偏离程度小;(2) PERSIANN-CDR降水卫星数据与地面实测数据的相关系数为0. 663,偏差为0. 845,TRMM 3B42 V7降水卫星数据与地面实测数据的相关系数为0. 666,偏差为0. 579。只考虑定量指标的评价体系,两个降水卫星数据的精度差异相对较小;(3) PERSIANN-CDR卫星数据在各站点的各分类指标数值范围均比TRMM 3B42 V7卫星数据的指标数值范围大,PERSIANN-CDR卫星数据对降水事件和降水量的反演精度要高于TRMM 3B42 V7卫星数据。考虑降水量分类指标的评价指标体系比单纯使用传统定量指标评价降水卫星数据更能有效地反映出降水卫星对资料稀缺的高寒地区地面降水特征的捕捉能力。 相似文献
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对利用FY2和GMS静止气象卫星建立的东亚地区气候数据集(EAGSCDR FY2 and GMS Geostationary Satellite Climate Data Record over East Asia)进行了检验和评估,使用的检验源数据包括中国地面气候资料与国际卫星云气候计划ISCCP D2月平均云量数据集.对由上述3种不同观测手段得到的多年平均总云量的空间分布特征分析结果表明:3种资料的总云量分布形势有较好的一致性,但是在40°N以北地区,ISCCP和EAGSCDR得到的总云量在量值上高于地面观测值.用地面观测资料检验华南及长江流域EAGSCDR的云检测产品的结果表明,总的准确率为82.10％,总漏判率6.85％,总误判率为11.05％,秋冬季节准确率偏低.EAGSCDR与ISCCP云量都是由卫星资料处理得到的,二者差异主要来自算法的不同,检验结果表明,EAGSCDR中的云量产品精度优于ISCCP云量,并且其时间分辨率可达到1 h,空间分辨率达到5 km,由此可见,EAGSCDR的云产品比ISCCP云产品更有优势. 相似文献
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NOAA RFE 2.0在西藏高原的验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着卫星探测技术的不断提高和资料处理方法的不断改进,出现了许多卫星遥感降水估算产品。每种产品都有优点及不足,且卫星间接式降水估算方法的精度也有限,但对地形复杂常规气象站台站稀少且分布极不均匀的大面积地区如西藏高原来说,卫星遥感不失为估算区域降水的有效方法之一。鉴于卫星遥感降水估算精度的局限性,每种产品需要利用地面观测数据来定量化降水估算误差,分析和评价这些资料的可用性。利用NOAA气候预测中心(CPC)研发的RFE 2.0降水估算产品,从西藏高原东南部到西北部不同气候区选取11个典型气象站2005—2006年6—9月的日降水量观测资料,验证了RFE 2.0降水估算产品在西藏高原的应用效果。结果表明,西藏高原的主要气候区RFE 2.0估算值与地面观测值之间的相关系数在0.45～0.86,平均为0.74;RFE 2.0估算的正确率POD (Probability Of Detection)一般大于73%,而空报率FAR(False Alarm Rate)为2%～12%;仅在喜马拉雅南麓地区估算精度相对较差。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献