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1.
应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定地球化学样品中的低含量金具有较高的准确度,但用于测定植物样品中痕量金时,传统方法的称样量较大(20 g),样品在马弗炉中灰化不完全,检出限较高(0.29ng/g)。本文确定了应用GFAAS分析金矿区植物样品中痕量金的测定条件,石墨炉的升温程序为:金的灰化温度1000℃,原子化温度2000℃,以抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,瓷坩埚为灰化器皿,且将样品的灰化温度降低到500℃,灰化时间2.0 h,确保了样品灰化完全且待测元素不发生挥发损失。本方法称样量较小(5.0 g),检出限为0.03 ng/g,精密度为6.8%~11.9%,加标回收率为83.8%~104.7%。经过金矿区实际植物样品试验,发现不同植物对金的富集能力相差较大,其中玉米植株对金的富集能力强。  相似文献   

2.
电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中的钍   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定地球化学样品中的钍,样品处理方法通常是采用四酸溶矿。但在实际测定中发现,当钍含量接近本底时,检测结果不稳定;当基体干扰大时,钍含量甚至无法检出。本文对样品前处理方法进行改进,采用过氧化钠碱熔样品,10 g/L氢氧化钠溶液过滤洗涤,再用热的40%盐酸溶解沉淀,ICP-AES法测定钍的含量。通过实验确定了钍的最佳分析谱线为401.913 nm,方法检出限为0.21μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=6)为7.7%~15.9%,准确度(n=6)为7.0%~10.0%,加标回收率为92.0%~104.0%。经国家标准物质验证,本方法可准确测定钍含量大于0.21μg/g的样品。方法简便快捷,干扰少,较一般的酸溶ICP-AES测定方法的检出限(0.6~0.7μg/g)低,适用于大批量实际样品的快速检测。  相似文献   

3.
研究了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸酸溶和氢氧化钠碱熔两种测定铝土矿石样品中镓的前处理方法,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测定。对熔矿试剂及条件、分析谱线的选择和元素的干扰进行了讨论,采用不同含量的铝土矿石国家标准物质样品进行了条件实验。分析结果表明:采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,会导致铝土矿石样品溶解不完全,得到的数据失真;而采用氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿石样品后,用ICP-AES法测定,镓的测定值准确度高,方法检出限为0.15μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.51%～5.97%,回收率为94.8%～108.2%。该方法灵敏度高,精密度好,分析时间短,易于流程操作。方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值相符,特别适用于铝土矿石样品中镓的测定。  相似文献   

4.
马亚君 《矿产与地质》2007,21(2):217-218
用石墨衬瓷皿替代铂坩埚,碱熔分解硫酸钡矿样,熔样条件为750℃,保温20min。该分析方法成本低,分析结果稳定、可靠。适用于中小型矿山生产过程中硫酸钡的测定。  相似文献   

5.
波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定锌精矿中主次量成分   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
采用湿法化学预氧化法结合高温熔融制样,波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法测定锌精矿中铜、硅、镁、锌、铝、铁、硫、铅、钙、砷、钾、镉、锰等主次量元素。通过对锌精矿样品的湿法化学预氧化处理(0.3 g样品+1 g硝酸锂+0.5 mL过氧化氢在铂金合金坩埚中混匀),能够增加样品的使用量,提高了熔片中待测微量元素的X射线荧光光谱强度。采用四硼酸锂熔剂高温熔融制样,降低了元素间的基体效应。针对硫化精矿的灼烧增量现象,提出了灼烧增量的计算方法及校正方法。对于无法使用灼烧增量进行校正的软件,提出将实际样品灼烧增量转换为虚拟样品灼烧失量的方法。用理论α系数和经验系数相结合的方法校正元素间的效应。测定锌精矿各组分(除镉以外)的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于3%,方法检出限为6.55～111.24μg/g,测定值与化学分析法结果吻合。  相似文献   

6.
萤石中稀土元素的研究对揭示成矿物质来源、成矿流体的性质和矿床成因均具有十分重要的意义。传统的过氧化钠碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法可以解决萤石中稀土元素的测定问题,但过氧化钠提纯难度高,过程繁杂,不宜大量样品的处理,且待测溶液总盐度大易产生基体干扰等;常规的酸溶法因使用的试剂一般为硝酸和氢氟酸,这些酸均不与萤石的主要成分氟化钙发生反应而很少应用。本文基于氟化钙能溶于硫酸和硼酸,采用硼酸溶液(10%硫酸和25%盐酸介质)和氢氟酸处理样品,硝酸提取,引入103Rh和185Re双内标,建立了硼酸溶液敞口酸溶ICP-MS测定萤石中稀土元素的分析方法。相比于传统的过氧化钠碱熔方法,本方法采用的试剂纯度高,可以有效地降低空白,方法检出限为0.002~0.016μg/g,低于过氧化钠碱熔方法的检出限(0.006~0.058μg/g),回收率在94.0%~107.6%之间,方法精密度(RSD)为0.7%~2.7%。本方法配制的硼酸溶液能够有效地与萤石反应,可充分分解萤石样品,简化了样品处理流程,有效地控制了稀土元素的损失,数据可靠性高,适用于大量萤石样品的稀土元素分析。  相似文献   

7.
矿产品中痕量贵金属元素的测定通常需要富集分离,在检测过程中谱线干扰较多。本文对铜精矿样品在高温下灼烧除去碳和硫,采用盐酸+王水+氢氟酸消解体系进行分解,利用D290阴离子交换树脂-活性炭作为吸附剂富集铂和钯,以Y、In、Bi为内标元素,105Pd和195Pt作为测量同位素,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铂和钯的含量。铂和钯的吸附率均达到90%以上,加标回收率分别为92.0%和96.0%,检出限分别为0.126 ng/g和0.105 ng/g,方法精密度(RSD,n=6)小于4%。应用于实际铜精矿样品分析,测定值与锍镍试金-ICP-MS测定结果一致。本法的样品处理体系最大限度地减少了样品中其他金属离子对待测元素的影响,选择的内标元素和高纯氦碰撞反应可有效地减少基体效应和同质异位素干扰。相比于锍镍试金法,该方法的样品前处理简单,铂和钯的富集效果明显,测定检出限低。  相似文献   

8.
杨载明 《岩矿测试》2011,30(3):315-317
采用四酸(盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸)溶矿、三酸(氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸)溶矿及氢氧化钠碱熔法3种前处理方法对铝土矿样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中的镓。结果表明,四酸溶矿法的分解产物中存在较多的不溶物,镓与盐酸生成GaCl3导致挥损,镓的测定结果严重偏低;三酸溶矿法的分解产物中也存在较多的不溶物,导致测定结果严重偏低;氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿样品,酸化后所得溶液清澈透明,由于大量NaCl的存在,镓不会挥损,测定值准确度高。采用氢氧化钠碱熔,盐酸酸化提取,ICP-AES法测定镓的准确度高,精密度好,方法检出限为3.21μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%。经国家一级和二级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本一致。  相似文献   

9.
高会艳 《岩矿测试》2014,33(3):312-320
针对目前铌钽分析中出现的样品溶解不完全、元素易水解及现有分析技术流程复杂的情况,本文对常用的混合酸恒温电热板溶解和过氧化钠碱熔两种样品前处理方式进行优化,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)两种技术手段,建立了测定地球化学勘查样品及稀土矿石中不同含量水平的铌、钽两套分析方法。对于铌、钽含量较低且易于分解的样品,采用硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸混合酸恒温电热板消解ICP-MS方法测定;对于铌、钽含量高且难溶的样品,采用过氧化钠高温熔融ICP-AES方法测定。ICP-MS用于分析低含量样品更具优势,而高含量样品更适合运用ICP-AES。通过分析土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、稀有稀土矿石系列国家标准物质,结果表明混合酸处理ICP-MS分析方法的线性范围为0~200ng/mL;检出限为铌0.01μg/g,钽0.05μg/g;相对误差小于10%,精密度(RSD)小于6%;碱熔处理ICP-AES分析方法的线性范围为0~30μg/mL,检出限为铌0.2μg/g,钽2.5μg/g,相对误差小于10%,精密度(RSD)小于7%。这两套分析方法可以满足基体复杂、铌钽含量变化范围大、试样批量大的检测要求。  相似文献   

10.
由于钨在酸性介质中极易发生水解生成水合三氧化钨,通常将钨矿石样品碱熔后采用重量法、光度法等传统方法进行测定,但这些方法操作繁琐,称样量较大(0.1~0.5 g)。本文采用封闭压力酸溶分解样品,钨矿石样品在170℃密闭20 h,然后迅速溶解于10%氢氟酸和5%浓硝酸的混合酸中,使钨形成稳定的易溶解的六价配合物,用耐氢氟酸进样系统的电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定其中钨的含量,方法精密度为1.5%~6.4%(RSD,n=10),检出限为0.039~0.042μg/g。方法经钨矿石国家标准物质验证,测定值与标准值一致;与分光光度法对照,测定结果吻合。本方法有效地解决了钨在酸性介质中极易水解的问题,溶样时间相对较短(20 h),无需进行赶酸、复溶等步骤,操作简单,可满足钨含量在0.015%~50%范围的钨矿石的日常分析要求。  相似文献   

11.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

12.
本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

13.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

14.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

16.
本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

18.
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

19.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.  相似文献   

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