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虾青素是一种具有强抗氧化活性的类胡萝卜素,而雨生红球藻是天然虾青素的主要来源。本文以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为材料,研究了植物激素玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻的生长、虾青素含量及相关基因表达的影响。分别添加5种浓度的玉米素或水杨酸,结果发现0.05mg/L玉米素或25mg/L水杨酸处理5d后雨生红球藻虾青素积累最多。该浓度玉米素或水杨酸可显著提高光胁迫下藻细胞密度,最高分别达到3.4×10~5cell/mL和3.0×10~5cell/mL;同时玉米素与水杨酸组中虾青素含量显著上升,分别为1.7%和1.6%,比对照组分别增加29.2%和25.6%。玉米素缓解了高光逆境条件下光合作用基因——Rubisco大亚基(rbcL)及其活化酶(rca)、碳酸酐酶(ca)的下调表达,但对虾青素合成途径β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因(bkt)的表达量没有显著影响;而水杨酸则相反,在胁迫后期不能缓解光合作用相关基因的下调表达,但可使bkt基因显著上调,最高可达对照组的2.5倍。本研究首次比较了玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累的影响,发现玉米素比水杨酸具有更好的促进雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的效果。 相似文献
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雨生红球藻(Haematococcuspluvialis)是天然虾青素的最佳来源,它可以在高光胁迫等不利条件下转变成厚壁细胞并积累大量虾青素。然而,目前从微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)层面来揭示在高光胁迫下雨生红球藻次级细胞壁形成和虾青素合成的机理研究尚未见报道。对高光处理下三个时间点的雨生红球藻样品进行microRNA测序,共鉴定出342个已知miRNA和283个新miRNA。在这625个miRNA中,其中有206个miRNA的表达量受高光影响,这些差异表达的miRNA的靶基因参与了淀粉与蔗糖代谢、甘露糖与果糖代谢、糖酵解和萜类骨架生物合成等重要代谢通路。结合转录组结果发现,高光胁迫下有6个miRNA调控了3个和次级细胞壁形成相关靶基因的表达,有5个miRNA调控了5个和虾青素生物合成相关靶基因的表达。以上结果揭示了雨生红球藻在高光下miRNA调控次级细胞壁形成和虾青素生物合成的潜在机制,为雨生红球藻虾青素的代谢工程奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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利用雨生红球藻生产虾青素的研究进展 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
作为天然虾青素的最佳生物来源，雨生红球藻已成为近年来国内外微藻研究的热点之一．本文综述了国内外雨生红球藻培养及虾青素积累的研究进展，介绍了国外天然虾青素商业生产的现状，并对现存的主要问题和发展方向做出阐述，以期推动国内利用雨生红球藻生产虾青素的商业化进程。 相似文献
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不同碳氮浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同二氧化碳浓度和硝酸钾浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响。结果表明,较高浓度的CO2(600×10-6)能够显著促进雨生红球藻的生长、光合作用的进行和虾青素的累积。红球藻单个细胞内的虾青素含量随着培养液中硝酸钾浓度的降低而增加,绿色游动藻种和绿色不动藻种培养12 d后获得的最大虾青素值分别为10.93 pg/个和12.64 pg/个。连续通气是促进雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的一种有效碳源提供方式。 相似文献
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β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(BKT)是雨生红球藻虾青素合成途径中的关键酶。根据GenBank中所收录的雨生红球藻BKT的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,以高光照处理的雨生红球藻细胞的总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR的方法克隆出了β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因(bkt)。序列测定结果表明,bkt全长960bp编码320个氨基酸。克隆的bkt序列与GenBank收录的BKT的cDNA(AY603347)序列只相差一个碱基。并对其编码的氨基酸进行了二级结构的预测和疏水性分析。同时将所克隆的bkt构建入衣藻叶绿体表达载体p64Dbkt,为基因的进一步表达研究及探索其作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本实验初步研究了不同浓度褪黑素(melatonin,MLT)对胁迫条件下雨生红球藻Haematococcus pluvialis LUGU生长、虾青素、相关生理指标及基因表达的影响。结果表明,10μmol/LMLT可显著提高藻细胞中虾青素产量(31.32mg/g),是对照组(13.27mg/g)的2.36倍;碳水化合物和蛋白含量同比提高了1.36、1.37倍。此外,虾青素合成相关基因pds和bkt的表达水平分别提高了5.79和12.16倍。研究表明,MLT可显著促进雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累,为利用微藻生产虾青素提供了一种有效的策略。 相似文献
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LED灯的光照对雨生红球藻细胞生长及虾青素积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高雨生红球藻的生物量以及细胞内虾青素的积累量,通过不同光源、不同光照强度照射培养藻细胞。研究表明,在总光强为2500lx,红光与白光的强度比例为2:1时,雨生红球藻干重可以达到0.98g/L,比单独使用白光和红光照射下分别提高了36.11%和15.91%。在雨生红球藻转化产虾青素阶段,对比蓝光LED、目光灯以及两者的组合光源照射转化的结果,发现在总光强为7000lx,蓝光与白光的强度比例为3:1时,雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累量为39.79mg/L,明显高于单独使用白光与蓝光转化下的产量。 相似文献
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雨生红球藻是天然虾青素的重要来源,在胁迫条件下积累虾青素含量能达到细胞干重的5%。八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)、β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(CRTW)和β-胡萝卜素羟化酶(CRTZ)是雨生红球藻虾青素合成的关键酶,本研究分别以雨生红球藻的DNA和cDNA为模板,克隆了这三个基因,并构建不同的原核表达载体pET-24a-crtw,pET-24a-crtz,pET-24a-psy。转化大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态,经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和western blotting结果显示三种重组蛋白都能够正常表达,利用6×His标签对重组蛋白进行纯化能得到相对单一的条带,相对于纯化前目的条带明显加深。ELISA检测重组菌株E.coli RZ,E.coli RW,E.coli RP中的酶活性分别为3.0,10.5,10.0 IU/L,纯化后酶活性显著提高,分别为125.5,124.7,118.0 IU/L。本研究获得了这三种酶的活性重组蛋白,为其功能分析和抗体制备奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2019,(5)
为获得性状优良的雨生红球藻藻株,满足雨生红球藻商业化生产的需求。本文探索了不同诱变方式以及不同筛选条件对雨生红球藻的影响,得到了γCo~(60)辐射和离子束诱变处理以及将喹禾灵和达草灭作为筛选压对雨生红球藻的致死率曲线。确定离子束照射时间75s和γCo~(60)辐射300Gy为雨生红球藻的适宜诱变条件。喹禾灵30.0μmol/L以及达草灭0.09mmol/L为雨生红球藻的适宜筛选压浓度。对诱变后藻株与对照藻株进行了生物量、干重以及虾青素含量的比较,最终筛选得到三株性状优良的突变株,生物量较未诱变藻株分别提升了16.2%、13.8%和20.4%,虾青素含量与未诱变藻株相比提升了20.7%、15.5%和6.7%。 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
本文探讨了光照强度和温度2个生态因子对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus plivialis)生长、虾青素及内源脱落酸积累的影响。研究表明,光照强度、温度及二者交互作用对雨生红球藻的生长、虾青素及内源脱落酸的积累均有显著影响(P0.05)。温度23℃时,细胞密度随光照强度的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,在200μmol/(m~2·s)时达到最大值4.9×105个/mL。适当的高光照强度和高温均能促进雨生红球藻中虾青素和内源脱落酸的积累,过高则起抑制作用。培养期间雨生红球藻中虾青素和内源脱落酸的最大峰值分别为6.266mg/L和322.641ng/g(干重),且最大峰值均出现于27℃、200μmol/(m~2·s)处理组。脱落酸含量的最大值出现在虾青素快速积累前,且在雨生红球藻的生活周期中,孢囊形成期的内源脱落酸含量最高。本研究所得到的规律对规模化培养雨生红球藻具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
15.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献