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1.
海洋蕴含着丰富的资源,进入21世纪后,海洋的重要性更为凸显,党的十八大提出“海洋强国”战略。“海洋强国”战略的实施,势必对我国海洋产业的发展产生重要影响。海洋渔业是人类最早开发和利用海洋的产业之一,“海洋强国”战略通过“科技效应”和“环保效益”对我国海洋渔业发展产生影响。文章应用双重差分法,以日本、韩国、印度以及我国台湾地区作为对照组,对“海洋强国”战略的实施对我国海洋渔业的影响进行评价。就海洋渔业整体而言,“环保效应”大于“科技效应”,“海洋强国”战略并未推动海洋渔业产量的整体发展。进一步细分发现,“环保效应”对海洋捕捞业影响较大,而“科技效应”对海水养殖业影响较大。“海洋强国”战略抑制海洋产业的粗放式发展,对海洋产业的全面提升有促进作用。 相似文献
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近年来,海洋战略性新兴产业的集群式发展已经成为国家或地区提升产业竞争力、拉动海洋经济转型、实现跨越式发展的重要方式,逐渐引起学术界的高度重视。文章在对产业集群、海洋战略性新兴产业、海洋战略性新兴产业集群等概念进行界定的基础上,从影响因素、促进效应、空间组织模式等3个方面初步探索海洋战略性新兴产业集群的形成机理,并对海洋战略性新兴产业集群形成的促进效应进行重点分析,认为存在规模效应、辐射效应和协同效应等直接效应以及自我强化效应、累积效应和适应性预期效应等间接效应,对这些效应的原理进行深入探讨和案例分析。 相似文献
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为深入揭示海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系及其影响机理,促进我国海洋科技和海洋经济的高质量和可持续发展,文章构建海洋科技创新和海洋经济发展2个系统的评价指标体系,以辽宁为实例,利用协调度模型分析二者的协调度及其演化趋势,进一步利用结构方程模型构建海洋科技创新影响海洋经济发展的驱动路径,以此分析其影响因素和影响效应,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:1997-2016年辽宁海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系分为中度失调衰退、严重失调衰退、中度协调发展和良好协调发展4个主要阶段;海洋科技创新通过海洋资源水平、海洋经济规模和海洋经济结构对海洋经济发展产生直接效应,同时通过海洋经济规模对地区经济发展产生间接效应,即海洋科技创新对海洋经济发展和地区经济发展均产生显著的促进作用;未来应统筹海洋科技与海洋经济的协调发展,扩大海洋科技的投入和产出,积极培育海洋科研人才和新兴海洋产业,注重提高对外开放程度和发展港口经济。 相似文献
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海洋产业关联及波及效应的计量分析
———基于灰色和投入产出模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋产业涉及国民经济方方面面,产业间的关系错综复杂。采用灰色关联分析方法和投入产出方法,从海洋产业内
部和海陆产业间两个角度来分析海洋产业关联及波及效应,以探究海洋产业发展的规律。研究发现,海洋产业发展的协调性
总体较高,对其他国民经济行业的波及效应较大;海洋经济外向性程度较高,出口的生产诱导作用较大,产业生产也主要依
赖出口;位于产业链不同位置的海洋产业对国民经济行业的波及效果不同,海洋油气业、海洋电力业、海洋交通运输业等对
国民经济的支持作用较大,而海洋船舶工业、海洋工程建筑业等对国民经济其他部门的需求拉动作用较大。 相似文献
5.
海洋交通运输业是海洋经济发展的支柱型产业,也是消耗能源最多的海洋产业之一,节能减排对推进海洋交通运输业的绿色高质量发展具有重要意义。为研究海洋交通运输业能源消耗的驱动因素,文章构建模型计算2001-2017年中国沿海地区海洋交通运输业的运输周转量、能源消耗量和产业增加值;建立LMDI分解模型,分析能源强度效应、运输效率效应和产业规模效应对海洋交通运输业能源消耗的影响。研究结果表明：能源强度对能源消耗的影响较小,运输效率是能源消耗降低的主要驱动因素,产业规模是能源消耗增长的主要驱动因素;在时间差异上,能源强度效应呈波动状态,运输效率对能源消耗降低的驱动作用以及产业规模对能源消耗增长的驱动作用均逐渐增强;在空间差异上,总体上由北向南,能源强度对能源消耗增长的抵消作用逐渐增强,运输效率对能源消耗降低的驱动作用逐渐减弱,产业规模对能源消耗增长的驱动作用逐渐增强。 相似文献
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在衡量某个地区的经济发展状况时,人们更多考虑的是该地区的区域经济发展差距状况。由于自然、地理以及历史等方面的原因,辽宁沿海经济带海洋经济发展程度不甚平衡,沿海各市海洋经济发展还存在着很大的差距。文章借助基尼系数分析法的产业结构和产业效应分解,对辽宁省沿海6市的海洋经济发展、海洋产业构成及区域发展差距进行了分析,揭示了海洋产业发展差距对辽宁海洋经济增长的影响。通过分析,为辽宁沿海经济带海洋产业区域一体化．发展提供了一守的科学依榧 相似文献
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为促进我国海水淡化产业的可持续发展,文章分析海水淡化工程对环境的影响,重点分析浓海水对海洋生态环境的影响,并提出应对措施。研究结果表明:海水淡化工程在能耗、排污、用地、取水和噪音等方面对环境产生影响,尤其是海水淡化产生的浓海水,在温度、盐度、有机物和营养盐、重金属、酸度、余氯、溶解氧以及机械卷载效应等方面严重影响海洋生态环境和海洋生物,亟须高度关注和深入研究;随着我国海水淡化产能的增加,应完善海水淡化技术、优化浓海水排放和加快浓海水综合利用,同时健全相关法律法规和标准规范。 相似文献
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产业结构决定贸易结构,产业升级对贸易发展产生重要影响。文章以中国三大海洋经济圈为研究对象,从产业基础、外贸规模、外贸竞争力、外贸结构和外贸效益5个维度构建评价指标体系,运用模糊物元模型测度三大海洋经济圈外贸高质量发展水平,通过面板固定效应模型和面板门槛模型实证分析产业结构升级对外贸高质量发展的影响。结果表明：(1)2011-2019年中国三大海洋经济圈外贸高质量发展水平均呈显著上升趋势,高质量发展平均得分由高到低依次为东部海洋经济圈、南部海洋经济圈、北部海洋经济圈;(2)三大海洋经济圈产业结构合理化提升效果明显,产业结构高级化变化较为缓慢。整体上南部和东部海洋经济圈产业结构优化升级效果较优,北部经济圈近年出现下滑;(3)产业结构优化升级对三大海洋经济圈外贸高质量发展具有显著影响。现阶段产业结构合理化表现为单一门槛效应的非线性影响,对外贸高质量发展呈现“U”型影响关系,产业结构高级化门槛效应尚不明显。提升地区经济发展水平、扩大地区外贸发展规模、提高地区创新能力对促进三大海洋经济圈外贸高质量发展具有积极影响。 相似文献
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生产要素在各产业间的自由流动和资源的优化配置是实现经济效率提升的关键,因此,科学合理地配置海洋要素资源,提高海洋经济效率,促进海洋经济高质量发展,是中国从海洋大国走向海洋强国的必经之路。本文运用C-D生产函数法和Super-SBM模型分别测度中国沿海11个省区市2006—2016年海洋要素市场扭曲程度及海洋经济效率,并构建计量模型来探究海洋要素市场扭曲与海洋经济效率之间的关系,同时考察不同海洋经济圈内,海洋要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率的影响并分析其产生原因。最后,利用反事实检验进一步估算要素市场扭曲造成的海洋经济效率的缺口。得出以下结论:(1)研究期间,中国海洋资本、劳动及总体要素市场指数均大于1,呈现负向扭曲状态。从省际层面来看,沿海11个省区市的资本要素市场均为负向扭曲;劳动要素市场除浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南为正向扭曲外,其余为负向扭曲;总体要素市场扭曲省际差距并不明显,其中上海、广东海洋要素市场扭曲程度较轻。(2)从全国层面看,要素市场扭曲明显抑制了中国海洋经济效率的提升,产业结构、海洋区位优势对海洋经济效率的提升有显著推动作用。从三大海洋经济圈来看,要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率的影响存在显著的地区差异。北部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率有显著提升作用;东部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲对该地区海洋经济效率呈负向作用,但在考察期间并不显著;南部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲抑制其海洋经济效率的提升。(3)海洋要素市场扭曲造成的海洋经济效率损失缺口呈波动下降趋势,若消除海洋要素市场扭曲,海洋经济效率损失将平均减少66%。 相似文献
10.
运用规模报酬可变的DEA模型测度区域海洋科技创新效率,并采用To-bit方程进行影响因素分析。研究表明:我国海洋科技创新效率值低,区域差异大,且具明显波动特征;我国区域海洋科技系统处于规模报酬递增阶段,规模报酬不变和规模报酬递增单元占75.8%;海洋科技系统人员结构、海洋产业从业人员科技素养和政府影响力对海洋科技创新效率有直接的正向影响;海洋经济发展水平和海洋经济产业结构负向性的回归系数要求提高决策主体的资源配置能力和管理水平;海洋高等教育需要与区域海洋科技经济协调发展,人才培养要与海洋科技创新的要求相适应。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
15.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献