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1.
西秦岭关子镇蛇绿岩地球化学及其大地构造意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
关子镇蛇绿岩是东秦岭商丹缝合带西延的标志,主要由蛇纹岩、变质辉长岩、斜长角闪片岩（变玄武岩）组成。变玄武岩总体均以高SiO2、MgO,低TiO2、Al2O3,Na2O>>K2O,LREE和LILE亏损,以及HFSE不分异为特征。在此基础上,变玄武岩又可以划分为A类（主要分布南部区段）和B类（主要分布北部区段）,B类相对于A类而言,具有更低的TiO2、Al2O3、MgO含量和高Σ Fe2O3含量特征。同时,B类岩石LREE亏损程度较A类岩石更为明显。综合主、微量元素地球化学特征分析,认为两类岩石均源于亏损地幔源区,形成于古大洋中脊构造环境,但成生于不同的岩浆演化阶段,是古洋盆扩张演化不同阶段的产物。西秦岭关子镇蛇绿岩性质的确定,为商丹古洋盆西延与演化,以及中国大陆古生代构造格局及其演化过程提供了重要的制约。 相似文献
2.
西秦岭关子镇蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
西秦岭沿天水武山断裂带产出的关子镇蛇绿混杂岩由变玄武岩、变中-基性深成岩浆岩以及少量蛇纹岩组成。变玄武岩具有平坦或轻稀土略亏损的稀土配分型式((La/Yb)_N=0.63～1.24),且不存在Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,表明它们形成于洋中脊环境。变中-基性深成岩浆岩包含两种类型:类型Ⅰ显示轻稀土富集((La/Yb)_N>2.2)、具有显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N>2.4)的特征,类似于岛弧火山岩;类型Ⅱ显示轻稀土亏损到略富集((La/Yb)_N=0.44～1.38)、无显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N<1.5),这些特征与上述变玄武岩类似,表明它们也是关子镇蛇绿岩的组成部分。蛇绿岩中辉长岩和闪长岩(该闪长岩属"大洋斜长花岗岩类")样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为534±9Ma和517±8Ma,这反映关子镇蛇绿岩可能为早-中寒武世古洋壳残片。由于西秦岭的天水武山断裂带是东秦岭商丹断裂带的西延并共同被认为是华北和华南陆块之间的主缝合线,上述年龄对理解该带及古秦岭洋的演化提供了重要制约。 相似文献
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西藏泽当—罗布莎蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西藏泽当—罗布莎蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的重要组成部分,受控于板块碰撞结合带。该蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩具有低的A l2O3和CaO含量,以富Mg,贫Ti、∑REE为特征,与世界上典型蛇绿岩中方辉橄榄岩的特征值一致。辉长岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其含有洋脊拉斑玄武岩和大洋岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重成分,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、H f等亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba等相对富集,具有大洋岛弧玄武岩的特点。辉长岩在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩类似。根据上述特征并结合区域地质构造特征,认为泽当?罗布莎蛇绿岩可能形成于边缘海盆地的海底慢速扩张环境。 相似文献
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东准噶尔卡拉麦里SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带受控于卡拉麦里深大断裂,主要由超镁铁质岩体、镁铁质岩脉和火山熔岩组成.超镁铁质岩体主要由地幔方辉橄榄岩组成,并有纯橄岩和铬铁矿矿石产出.超镁铁质岩石具有低SiO2、高MgO、LREE富集的"V"字形和LREE略富集型稀土元素分布模式,具有SSZ(supra subduction zone)型的地幔橄榄岩特征.玄武岩、堆晶辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩岩脉具有低Al2O3、TiO2、K2O+Na2O含量,且K2O＜Na2O,具相对高的MgO和极低的P2O5含量,具低Ti/V比值(10～20)、低的稀土元素丰度和LREE弱亏损型稀土元素配分模式,显示与洋内板块俯冲作用有关的SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学特征.碱性玄武岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特征,具有高Al2O3、TiO2(2.50%～3.43%,平均3.16%)、K2O+Na2O(7.36%～9.40%)、P2O5(0.509%～1.579%,平均0.80%)和Ti/V(＞50),相对低MgO(1.84%～2.81%,平均2.60%)的特征,富集不相容元素并具高的稀土元素总量和轻稀土元素明显富集的稀土元素配分模式,显示洋岛玄武岩特征,代表了洋盆早期洋内热点作用.卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带反映了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔联合陆块与西伯利亚板块的古洋盆经历了洋内热点作用和大洋板块洋内俯冲消减的演化过程. 相似文献
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东天山康古尔塔格蛇绿岩SHRIMP年龄、Nd-Sr同位素特征及构造意义 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过对东天山康古尔塔格蛇绿岩中的辉长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定,得出康古尔塔格蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世-早奥陶世(494±10Ma)。Nd-Sr同位素研究表明,康古尔塔格蛇绿岩中辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩及角斑岩的ε_(Nd)(t)值变化于 5.7～ 10.5之间,与现代大洋岛弧火山岩的ε_(Nd)(t)值一致;(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值变化于0.703475～0.704923之间,与现代典型大洋中脊新鲜玄武岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化范围基本一致。上述特征显示出康古尔塔格蛇绿岩与准噶尔蛇绿岩一样,属SSZ型蛇绿岩,其岩浆来自亏损上地幔,且在演化过程中没有受到陆源物质的明显混染。该蛇绿岩形成时代、源区组成结合区域地质构造等暗示康古尔塔格断裂以北地区可能属于准噶尔板块范畴。 相似文献
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云南峨眉山高钛和低钛玄武岩的岩石成因 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
峨眉山玄武岩主要的岩石类型是低钛玄武岩和高钛玄武岩,并有少量的苦橄岩。它们不同程度地富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素,稀土元素分馏明显或比较明显,相容元素（Co、V、Cr、Ni）显著亏损。低钛玄武岩浆受到陆壳物质的明显混染,高钛玄武岩浆也受到混染,但混染程度弱于低钛玄武岩浆。同化混染对Sr同位素和大离子亲石元素的影响程度大于对稀土元素和Nd同位素的影响程度。混染物是下地壳变质岩,也有少量上地壳物质。未受混染的样品具有适度亏损的Nd、Sr同位素。高钛玄武岩在岩浆演化过程中主要分离结晶相/堆晶相是单斜辉石,并有少量的斜长石。低钛玄武岩中,单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用是最主要的因素。低钛玄武岩的主体部分是在尖晶石稳定域与石榴石稳定域之间的过渡带熔融的;高钛玄武岩的主体部分是在石榴石稳定域内熔融的,极少部分是在尖晶石稳定域内熔融的。 相似文献
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东巧蛇绿岩出露于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段,是蛇绿岩组合单元出露较完整的地区。微量(稀土)元素分析结果表明,蛇绿岩中的玄武岩具有轻稀土元素(LREE)显著富集的右倾稀土元素配分模式。(La/Yb)N=7.05~12.02,Th、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf略具有正异常的微量元素组成特征,属于典型的洋岛玄武岩(OIB),与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和板块汇聚环境下的岛弧玄武岩(IAB)存在明显差异。通过对其构造环境的判别,并结合蛇绿岩与相邻地质体的关系分析,认为东巧蛇绿岩中的玄武岩形成于大洋板内岩石圈上隆减压的洋岛环境,代表班公湖-怒江洋盆形成和发展阶段洋岛环境的大洋岩石圈残片。 相似文献
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西藏永珠——果芒错蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
永珠-果芒错蛇绿岩位于西藏永珠藏布-纳木错蛇绿岩带西段,主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg,贫Ti、∑REE为特征。辉绿岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素分析显示其含有洋脊拉斑玄武岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重成分特征,其中高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等）亏损,大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba等）相对富集,具有岛弧玄武岩的特点;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上显示稀土元素特征为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。通过与典型地区作对比和应用构造环境判别图解,推断永珠-果芒错蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。 相似文献
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西藏日喀则地区德村-昂仁蛇绿岩内基性岩的元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其揭示的特提斯地幔域特征 总被引：4，自引：7，他引：4
系统研究了西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区德村、吉丁和昂仁蛇绿岩中基性岩石的元素与 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素地球化学特征。这些基性岩石,包括玄武岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩,属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土元素亏损的 N-MORB 型,(La/Yh)_N=0.31～0.65(除样品 DC993为1.17)。在原始地幔标准化微量元素图上,亏损高度不相容元素,与 N-MORB 配分模式一致。相对于 Th,无 Nb、Ta的亏损,显示样品不是产于 SSZ 环境。经构造环境图解判别,样品落入了 N-MORB 区域内;这些元素成分特征表明样品具有洋中脊环境或成熟的弧后盆地环境属性。Sr、Nd 和 Pb同位素组成特征表明特提斯地幔源区以 DM(亏损地幔)为主,同时存在少量 EMⅡ(富集地幔类型Ⅱ)、Sr,Nd 和 Pb 同位素组成特征还表明特提斯地幔域具有印度洋 MORB 型的 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素组成特征。本文的结果进一步支持 Zhang et al.(2005)的研究结果,现今印度洋不仅在地理位置上占据了曾经是特提斯洋的大部分,而且它的地幔域还继承了曾经特提斯的地幔域的地球化学特征。 相似文献
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青藏高原东北缘宗务隆构造带天峻南山早古生代残余洋盆的识别和地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宗务隆构造带夹于中央造山带原特提斯构造域内,发育与古特提斯洋演化相关的天峻南山蛇绿岩,是研究原特提斯向古特提斯转换的关键地质体。该蛇绿岩由超基性岩(蛇纹岩)、辉绿岩、玄武岩和硅质岩组成。蛇纹岩中尖晶石具高Mg~#(58.6～64.5)和低Cr~#(38.9～43.9)的特征。玄武岩和辉绿岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,轻稀土元素左倾和重稀土元素平坦,富集Th而亏损Ti,总体上与弧后扩张脊熔岩具有一致的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素以及N-MORB标准化微量元素配分模式,同时这些基性岩具较高的Th/Yb值和ε_(Nd)(t)值(+7.5～+9.6),显示岩浆来自受洋壳沉积物混染的亏损地幔源区。这些特征均与弧后盆地蛇绿岩类似。最新LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示辉绿岩形成于509±4Ma。结合野外接触关系表明,部分天峻南山蛇绿岩形成于寒武纪,早于不整合其上的石炭纪复理石和晚奥陶世花岗岩脉(444.9±4.7Ma)。天峻南山寒武纪蛇绿岩作为早古生代残余洋盆被石炭纪复理石不整合覆盖,并在三叠纪洋盆闭合过程中通过构造方式就位于上覆石炭纪地层中。上述结果表明宗务隆构造带并非一个晚古生代-早中生代构造带,而是原特提斯洋和古特提斯洋相继闭合形成的早古生代-早中生代复合构造带。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献