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本文在前人对中国大陆及周边活动地块研究和划分的基础上，系统研究了6个Ⅰ级活动地块区和22个Ⅱ级活动地块之间共26个活动边界带的构造变形与强震活动，包括强震分布与活动边界带的关系，边界带构造活动速率与地震活动水平及强震复发期等的关系. 给出了边界带强震活动水平与构造活动速率之间的线性关系和强震复发期长短与构造活动速率的反向变化关系. 从而进一步揭示了中国大陆活动地块构造及其块体运动特征，以及块体边界带的构造变形对强震的控制作用. 相似文献
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中国大陆构造的成块性与中国地震活动的成组性构成中国地震构造和地震活动的一个突出现象．本文在前人对中国大陆地震成组划分的结果和地块划分方案的基础上,研究了中国大陆地块与成组地震活动之间的关系,发现大部分强震分布于地块边界断层上,成组地震的孕育和发生与块体活动有关．由成组地震震中分布图表现出来的地块活动方式主要有４种:单缝式活动型、单地块活动型、多地块活动型和地块内部活动型．地块活动频度以单缝式活动型为最高,在成组地震中则以单地块活动型为多．大陆内部各地块的活动性有差别,东部比较活跃的地块有太行山和华北平原地块,西部比较活跃的地块有川滇和昆仑-松潘地块． 相似文献
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划分大陆活动地块的重要标志之一是它们在地壳结构间的差异。大陆不同地块具有不同的地壳结构特征。这些结构和构造上的不同反映了它们在地壳内部的变形特征和动力过程的差异。文中利用深地震宽角反射 /折射剖面的结果 ,讨论了青藏高原东北缘东昆仑巴颜喀拉地块、鄂尔多斯地块和华北地块唐山震区地壳结构的差异。它们分别是变形强烈的活动地块、内部变形小相对稳定的地块和现代发生过强震的活动地块。在地壳结构上它们之间的差别是明显的。这些差异表现在地壳的分层性质、上地壳和下地壳的结构、地壳结构的不均匀尺度、壳 /幔分界的性质、壳内低速层的分布、地壳界面、特别是莫霍面的构造形态等方面 相似文献
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《地震地质》2020,(2)
由中国科学家提出的"中国大陆强震受控于活动地块运动与变形"的假说,不仅可用于解释中国大陆强震的空间分布,同时基于其理论和定义可将中国大陆划分为6个Ⅰ级活动地块和22个Ⅱ级活动地块。活动地块之间的边界带往往由活动构造带组成,一般宽约几km至百余km,是强烈地震的多发区。活动地块假说指出,已发生的近100%的8级以上强震、约80%的7级以上强震震中均位于地块边界带上。近年来,中国大陆几次7级以上强震也都发生在活动地块边界带,这不仅验证了活动地块假说的理论模型,同时还预测了未来强震就发生在活动地块边界带内某些有利于应力集中的部位。活动地块假说经过近20a的发展,已建立并逐步完善了其理论框架,奠定了中国活动构造与强震预测的理论基础,正推动着强震预测由概率预测向物理预测过渡。但就活动地块的概念和理论框架而言,还存在的诸多问题需进一步回答和解释。众所周知,强震是活动地块边界带特殊构造部位应变逐渐积累、介质突发失稳和能量释放的结果,地震预测的突破性进展需要建立在充分理解其整个物理过程的基础之上。因此,以边界带断裂的活动性、现今的变形状态、深浅构造的耦合关系、强震孕育环境及震源物理模型为主要研究内容,开展针对活动地块边界带强震活动机理与预测的研究,是活动地块理论完善和研究未来关注的重要内容和重要科学问题。 相似文献
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2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生了MS8．0特大地震（本文震级均为MS）,该地震是中国大陆内部活动地块边界带的特大地震,它发生在青藏、华南一级活动地块区边界交汇部位的龙门山断裂带。本文结合活动地块划分结果阐述了汶川8．0级特大地震前7级强震格局,探讨了该特大地震前可能的动力学变化过程;以中国大陆地区为研究对象,分析... 相似文献
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中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
中国是一个地震灾害严重的国家,强震主要发生在天山、青藏高原和华北地区,其他地区的7级以上破坏性强震相对较弱．天山的强震主要发生在山体两侧的前陆逆冲推覆带上,山体内部也发生构造变形并控制着一系列中强地震的发生．华北西部鄂尔多斯内部构造活动性微弱,周边的地震活动却十分强烈．华北平原的强震主要发生在平原内部的北北东走向隐伏断裂上,特别是这些北北东走向隐伏断裂与燕山南缘张家口-渤海断裂带的交汇部位是巨大地震的发生场所．青藏高原的活动断裂和强震发生均与海拔高度相关：逆冲断裂和逆冲型强震主要发生在高原周边的低海拔区,高海拔的高原内部则以拉张性质的南北向正断裂和共轭走滑断裂为主,走滑断裂发育在高原的不同海拔不同部位,但北部是左旋走滑运动,南部是右旋走滑运动．中国大陆的强震总体上具有分布广泛、西强东弱、动静交替和分块成带的特征,形成这种地震活动图像的原因是中国大陆的强震受控于活动地块的运动和变形．活动地块是被形成于晚新生代、至今强烈活动的构造带所分割和围限的地质单元,其内部相对稳定,具有相对统一的运动方式,主要构造变形和强震都发生在边界带上,有历史记载以来的全部8级强震和80％以上的7级以上强震都发生在活动地块边界带上．在板块挤压、板内地幔对流等动力作用下,大陆活动地块发生相对运动和变形,上地壳的刚性地块运动和非刚性连续变形都是深部黏塑性流动的地表响应,中国大陆的现今构造变形可以用耦合的地块运动和连续变形模式来描述,活动地块的运动和变形是“陆内变形”的重要方式之一． 相似文献
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在GIS平台上 ,以 195 1～ 1990年中国大陆垂直形变速度图为基础求出的垂直形变速率梯度 ,其变化情况基本上反映了中国大陆地壳的垂直剪应变及相应的剪应力的大小。东部的华北块体垂直形变速率梯度值明显地高于东北和华南地区 ,西部地区的青藏块体和天山地块的梯度较高 ,它们是现代构造活动较强的块体。斜贯中国大陆的察隅 -通化北东向高梯度带和其西侧的银川 -乌丽北东向高梯度带是现代地壳垂直差异活动强烈的地带。现代强震主要孕育发生在高梯度异常区及其附近 ,垂直形变速率梯度异常对地震危险区预测有一定的应用价值 相似文献
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中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形 总被引：102，自引：10，他引：102
全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）揭示的中国大陆现今运动场清晰地表现出了以活动地块 为单元的分块运动特征，不同的活动地块具有不同的运动和变形方式．ＧＰＳ观测到的阿 尔金断裂的左旋走滑速率仅（５．ｌ± ２．５）ｍｍ／ａ，龙门山断裂的挤压缩短速率为（６．７± ３．０） ｍｍ／ａ，华南地块相对于欧亚大陆向东的运动速率是 １１～１４ｍｍ／ａ，这些结果均不支持青 藏高原北部沿主要走滑断裂向东大规模挤出的假说．中国大陆以活动地块为单元的现 今构造变形可能与大陆岩石圈的结构和性质有关，上地壳以脆性变形为主，下地壳和 上地幔以粘塑性的流变为特征，从底部驱动着上覆脆性地块的整体运动． 相似文献
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通过对汶川8．0级地震前后中国大陆地震活动特征的分析,探讨了汶川8．0级地震的地震活动背景．重新划分了中国大陆7级以上地震的活动周期,并根据汶川地震发生的构造背景分析了汶川地震对中国大陆活动趋势的影响和西部大三角与中国大陆强震活动趋势的关系。分析结果表明：在未来1-3年中国大陆特别是西部强震活动仍然处于活跃状态,有可能再次发生7级以上地震。 相似文献
11.
IntroductionSituated in the southeastern part of Eurasia Plate and surrounded by the India Plate, Eurasia Plate, Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Chinese mainland especially the area of Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) Plateau and the south-north tectonic zone is the area with the most intensive neotectonic deformation. The main component of tectonic activity in Chinese mainland is active blocks. Therefore, it is quite important to study active blocks in the research of tectonic activit… 相似文献
12.
In this paper, the discrepancy between the movements of intraplate blocks and plates isdiscussed, and the method to divide the intraplate active blocks is presented by selecting Bursaformula as the kinematic model for the intraplate blocks. Based on the data of three GPScampaigns in North-China network in l995, 1996 and l999, respectively, the northern area inNorth China is divided into eight small blocks with the mathematical model and methodpresented in this paper. The divided blocks based on tbe horizontal and vertical crustalmovements in the paper are consistent or approximate with each other in the area as a whole.The divided blocks in the paper is also basically accordant with the neotectonic movement,which indicates that the current movement of active blocks in this area is the succession anddevelopment of neotectonic movement. Moreover, some new activity characteristics in the areahave been revealed by the tectonic units divided with the horizontal crustal movement. 相似文献
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Introduction ZHANG and ZHONG (1977), ZHANG, et al (1978) and ZHANG (1984) pointed out that Chinese mainland is divided into two parts by the NS-trending tectonic belt, i.e., the eastern area and the western area, and each area is divided into tectonic blocks by faults. In the eastern area, the faults are trending NNE and NNW, mainly NNE, and the long axis strike of blocks is nearly trending NS. In the western area, faults are trending NEE and NWW, mainly NWW, long axis strike … 相似文献
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根据网络工程的GPS站点观测资料,计算相对中国大陆整体1999～2007年的趋势运动速率和2004~2007年的动态运动速率,用青藏亚板块和华南亚板块的参数计算龙门山断裂带的活动参量,研究了中国大陆运动场和其变化,分析了地壳运动场的特征与汶川MS8级地震的孕育关系.结果揭示出：现今地壳的运动分区与地质新构造单元基本一致,显示现代地壳构造活动是新构造运动的继承和发展;中国大陆地壳运动的动力主要与印度板块、太平洋板块与欧亚板块的相互碰撞俯冲产生的作用力有关.汶川MS8级地震的发生,主要是由于印度板块对青藏亚板块的向北推挤、产生侧向运动,致使龙门山断裂带遭受挤压产生能量积累所致.2004～2007年的地壳动态运动,使龙门山断裂带走滑活动加强,从稳定的压应变积累状态转入了剪切作用下的易活动状态. 相似文献
15.
The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau. 相似文献
16.
Yanxing Li Guohua Yang Zhi Li Liangqian Guo Cheng Huang Wenyao Zhu Yang Fu Qi Wang Zaisen Jiang Min Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):82-117
The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90°E is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2 ± 1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1 ± 0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8 ± 1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8 ± 2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau. 相似文献
17.
A preliminary research establishing the present-time intraplate blocks movement model on the Chinese mainland based on GPS data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Shuo-Yu Zhou Yue-Gang Zhang Guo-Yu Ding Yun Wu Xiao-Jun Qin Shun-Ying Shi Qi Wang Xin-Zhao You Xue-Jun Qiao Ping Shuai Gan-Jin Deng 《地震学报(英文版)》1998,11(4):403-412
The Chinese mainland is regarded as the best area for studying the continental crustal movement and dynamics. In the past,
based on the ground surface observation, it was very difficult to study the movement of the intraplate blocks within a range
of larger space and a time scale of several years quantitatively. In this paper, a method of calculating the Euler vectors
of present-time motion among blocks by using Cardan angles has been given completely based on two periods of GPS repetition
measurement data of the National Ascending Plan of China (NAPC) — the study and application of current crustal movement and
geodynamics in 1994 and 1996. A present-time blocks movement model on the Chinese mainland (PBMC-1), which describes the motion
of seven blocks—Tibet, Chuan-Dian, Gan-Qing, Xinjiang, South China, North China and Heilongjiang block, is established preliminarily.
The velocity field of the relative motion among the intraplate blocks and boundary motion in the Chinese mainland are firstly
given within several years time scale. It is shown by the results calculated with the model that the velocity-rate of each
block is reduced gradually from the south to north and from the west to east, and the motion direction changes gradually from
NNE to E, even SEE or SE. The collision of Indian plate plays a leading role in the movement of the intraplate blocks in the
Chinese mainland, while the motion manner and velocity-rate of block boundary zone (fracture zone) depend on the motion of
every block again. The present-time motion of a time scale of several years computed with the model is not only largely consistent
with the average motion of a time scale of several million years derived from geology, but also very coincident with the results
of geophysical and astronomic observation. It is shown preliminarily that the observed results of space geodesy techniques
such as GPS etc. are capable of discovering the crustal movement at present.
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC), National Ascending Plan of China (NAPC)
and Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (CJSSF). 相似文献
18.
中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型. 相似文献
19.
PROGRESS IN APPLICATION OF GNSS TO DIVISION OF ACTIVE TECTONIC BLOCKS IN CONTINENTAL CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chinese scientists proposed that large earthquakes that occurred in mainland China are controlled by the movement and deformation of active tectonic blocks. This scientific hypothesis explains zoned phenomenon of seismicity in space. The active tectonic blocks are intense active terranes formed in late Cenozoic and late Quaternary, and the tectonic activity of block boundaries is the intensest. Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has advantages of high spatio-temporal resolution, broad coverage, and high accuracy, and is utilized to monitor contemporary crustal deformation. High accuracy and resolution of GNSS velocity field within mainland China and vicinities provided by previous studies clearly demonstrate that different active tectonic blocks behave as different patterns of movement and deformation, and block interaction boundaries have intense tectonic deformation. The paper firstly introduces the GPS networks operated by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)since 1999, and GNSS data processing methods, including GAMIT, BERNESE and GIPSY/OASIS, and discusses the advantages of using South China block as a regional reference frame for GNSS velocity field, then proposes three strategies of block division, F-test, quasi-accurate detection(QUAD), and clustering analysis. Furthermore, we introduce rigid and non-rigid block motions. Rigid block motion can be denoted by translation and rotation, while non-rigid block motion can be described by rigid motion and internal strain deformation. Internal strain deformation can be divided into uniform and linear strains. We also review the usage of F-test to distinguish whether the block acts as rigid deformation or not. In addition, combining with recent GNSS velocity results, we elaborate the characteristics of present movement of rigid block, such as the South China, Tarim, Ordos, Alashan, and Northeast China, and that of non-rigid block, such as the Tibetan plateau, Tian Shan, and North China plain. Especially, the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan seem to deform continuously with significant internal deformation. In order to enrich and perfect the active tectonic block hypothesis, we should carefully design dense GNSS networks in inner blocks and block boundaries, optimize utilizing other space geodesy technologies such as InSAR, and strengthen combining study of geodesy, seismogeology and geophysics. Through systematic summary, this paper is very useful to employing GNSS to investigate characteristics of block movement and dynamics of large earthquakes happening in block interaction boundaries. 相似文献