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利用多个全国性的GPS监测网、中国地壳运动主要活动带的区域性GPS监测网以及亚太地区大地测量计划(APRGP)的GPS监测网自1991年以来近10年的GPS资料,通过旋转变换将不同方法得出的各个子网的速度解进行统一,给出一个自恰的、完整的ITR一7框架下的速度场综合解.为了研究中国现时地壳运动在欧亚板块内形变的特征,基于一个现时板块运动模型ITRF97VEL,给出了3类网共260多个站的形变速度场.结果表明中国地壳运动有明显的不均匀性,以南北地震带为界,西强东弱;中国西部受印度板块强烈的冲挤,地壳运动由南向北逐渐减慢,呈现南北向缩短,东西向伸展,有明显的块体特征;喜马拉雅和天山西部分别提供了约15mm/a和9-13mm/a的汇聚速率;拉萨块体有(20.2±1.2)mm/a的伸长;喀喇昆仑一嘉黎断裂的右旋走滑速率和阿尔金断裂的左旋走滑速率分别为2-3mm/a和4-6mm/a,穿过龙门山断裂带的缩短速率小于7mm/a,这些都支持地壳增厚学说;沿阿尔金断裂带到喜马拉雅存在一个NNE弥散带,它是形变速度有东和西分量的分界线,是一个有特殊意义的动力学带.中国东部以走滑为主,东北块体是中国最稳定的地区,华北块体具有较大走滑性,是东部较易变形区. 相似文献
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中国大陆活动地块的运动与应变状态 总被引：49，自引：0，他引：49
从地壳运动与应变的角度给出了活动地块的定义,根据中国大陆及周边地区最近几年GPS观测得到的由1598个GPS站速度组成的统一速度场,估计了各个活动地块的运动与应变参数,分析了各个活动地块的运动与应变状态。中国大陆各地块存在一致的向东运动分量,但其南北分量是不一致的。西部地块存在一致的向北运动分量,东部地块存在一致的向南运动分量。在90°E以东,从喜马拉雅地块向NE方向,各地块的运动方向按顺时针方向旋转,各地块的运动速率是不相同的。从总体上看是西部大、东部小,南部大、北部小,西部大约是东部的3～4倍。各地块主压应变方向的空间分布是不相同的。在90°E以西各地块的主应变方向基本上为SN向,在青藏高原的东北部各地块的主压应变方向基本为NE向,在青藏高原东南部各地块的主压应变方向绕喜马拉雅构造东端顺时针方向旋转。各地块的主应变与剪应变率也是不同的,其中喜马拉雅、天山地块的主压和最大剪应变率最高,其次是拉萨、羌塘、滇西南、祁连与川滇地块。东部各地块的应变率较小。根据应变状态推测,喜马拉雅地块南北向的缩短速率为(15.2±1.5)mm/a,仍然是现今构造活动最强烈的地区,其次是天山地块,天山地块南北向的缩短速率为(10.1±0.9)mm/a。这两个地块目前仍处于隆升状态,从面应变看,面膨胀在中国大陆占优势,东部基本都是膨胀区,在西部面压缩与面膨胀从南向北相间分布。中国大陆的大多数东西向或近东西向断裂两侧的相对运动都是左旋或类似左旋走滑型的,大多数南北向断裂两侧的相对运动都是右旋或类似右旋走滑型的。GPS测定的阿尔金断裂中部的左旋走滑速为(4.8±1.3)mm/a,鲜水河断裂的左旋走滑速为(9.8±2.2)mm/a。地块边界断裂带的运动为地块运动创造了条件,地块及其边界的运动是协调一致的统一的,各个地块的活动程度是不相同的,统计检验结果表明,大多数地块之间的相对运动是显著的与非常显著的,这证明活动地块是客观存在的,喜马拉雅、拉萨、天山、羌塘和滇西南是活动最强烈的地块,中蒙、中朝西、阿拉善和华南是较稳定的地块,印度、太平洋、菲律宾板块与欧亚板块的互相作用力是中国大陆地块运动的主要驱动力。青藏高原地壳物质在印度板块NNE向的强烈推挤下,向NNE和NE方向运动,由于受到北部、东北部和东部地块的阻挡,经高原的东南部向印度洋方向运移, 相似文献
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基于中国大陆GPS观测在国际地球参考框架（ITRF）获得的站点位置，由三角形法通过反演逐年推算中国大陆年微动态应变场. 结果显示，研究区年微动态应变场大致以南北地震带为界. 西部地区存在方向大体一致的年主压应变优势分布方向, 方向自西向东、 由近南北向转为北东向，与近代应变场的方向一致，表明西部地区变形主要是由印度板块向北推进和西伯利亚地块相对南推形成的，且整体上仍是新构造运动的继承；东部大部分地区不存在年主应变的优势分布方向.年最大剪应变在不同地区差别很大，变化范围从4.13times;10-8~7.0times;10-10， 总体上西部大于东部. 同一区域年最大剪应变的多年变化表明，西部变化大，东部变化平缓. 年面膨胀显示，研究区大部分为压缩区，且同一区域的多年变化平缓. 相似文献
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利用福建沿海GPS网和台湾-吕宋GPS网站速度数据和两个网数据处理中共用的IGS永久站数据，实现了两个GPS网参考框架和速度场的统一．分析台海地区的速度场发现，福建沿海、台湾海峡与台湾岛北部地壳的水平运动完全一致，运动方向约为东偏南26.0，运动速率约为39 mm/a；台湾岛东部的海岸山脉地区发生了相反变化，运动方向为北偏西30.0，运动速率约为33.3 mm/a；在台湾岛的南端存在南偏西50.0方向的运动，运动速率约为13 mm/a．若以福建沿海的几何中心为参考基准，台湾岛存在一致的(岛的北端除外)北西向运动，方向北偏西约50.0，东海岸的速率最大为61 mm/a，向西逐渐减小．应变场分析表明，台海地区存在统一的应变场，主压应变方向为北西48.0，主张应变方向为北东42.0．主压应变速率，台湾岛的东海岸为3.43610－7/a，向西逐渐减小，到福建沿海减小到1.86110－8/a．菲律宾海板块在台湾岛东部与欧亚板块的碰撞俯冲是台海地区地壳运动、变形和发生大地震的主要驱动力．本区的主压应力方向约为北西55.0． 相似文献
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利用GPS观测资料计算并获取了2008年新疆西昆仑地区于田7.3级地震发生前的现今地壳运动速度场,通过速度场分布研究了区域内主要断层的活动速率.结果表明:震中以南的龙木错断裂呈左旋走滑性质的运动特征,走滑速率为1.2～2.5 mm/a;震中以北的阿尔金左旋走滑断裂滑动速率为5 mm/a;震中北西面的康西瓦断裂的左旋走滑平均速率约为3～7 mm/a.区域应变场分布一定程度上受断裂带分布的影响.7.3级地震就位于断裂活动交汇的部位和最大剪应变率高值区的边缘. 相似文献
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随着空间大地测量技术不断发展,GPS观测的地壳水平形变速度场精度也在不断提高,更加严密的GPS应变分析模型将有助于促进更高精度的地壳运动模型的构建.大地线长度与对应球面弧长之间的差异与纬度、经度变化均有关,并且与纬度变化影响最为显著,纬度越低,相应的椭球面效应约显著.本文在最小二乘配置模型的基础上进一步研究并推导了基于椭球坐标系的GPS应变分析模型,通过该模型进一步计算了青藏高原南部喜马拉雅构造带及阿萨姆构造结地区现今GPS应变分布.最大、最小主应变的显示喜马拉雅山脉中部的南北向压缩变形最强,西部次之,东部最弱.在印度板块的俯冲推挤作用下,喜马拉雅构造带内部地壳的变形过程并不统一.本文研究发现雅鲁藏布江缝合带与亚东—古鲁断裂带是该区域地壳水平形变的两条重要分界构造,雅鲁藏布江缝合带南部、亚东—古鲁断裂西侧的条带状地区可能是青藏南部吸收来自印度板块俯冲挤压作用的主要区域,最大剪应变分布及面膨胀值分布均表明亚东—古鲁断裂带是喜马拉雅构造带东西向拉伸变形过程中的一条重要的分界构造.沿喜马拉雅构造带分布的地壳剧烈变形区域集中分布在断裂以西,向东跨过该断裂的GPS应变场大幅减弱.青藏高原东南缘以阿萨姆构造结为中心的顺时针旋转变形存在旋转内、外圈层速度不一致现象,旋转速率由内向外逐渐增强. 相似文献
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利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络在甘肃省及周边区域的GPS观测资料, 通过高精度数据处理, 获得基准站的位移时间序列, 给出该区域现今地壳形变特征, 并计算得到2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震同震位移。 结果表明: 该区域的陆态网络连续站中, 只有GSMX站观测到了较为明显的水平同震位移, 大小约18.7 mm, 由此推断此次地震的影响范围在距离震中30～50 km以内。 研究区内的地壳水平运动较活跃, 同时具有一定的规律性和连续性, 西部的运动速率高于东部, 东南区域的运动速率较小, 最小值为4.4 mm/a, 西南运动速率较大, 最大值为18.4 mm/a。 GPS连续应变率结果显示, 研究区存在近NE—SW向的压缩应变, 近NW—SE向的拉张应变, 并且主压应变明显高于主张应变。 相似文献
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伽师地区强震群前后地壳运动变形的数值模拟 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
运用ＤＤＡ（Ｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ Ｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ）方法,用ＧＰＳ测量资料模拟了伽师强震群前后的地壳运动及变形的演化过程,模拟结果表明：１９９４～１９９８年整个研究区域以南北向压应变增大为主,帕米尔东北侧和南天山的应变率较大,伽师及邻近区域有明显的南北向挤压为主的应力集中,若强制应力集中块体沿最大剪应力方向（ＮＥＥ向）破裂,在伽师地区会出现显著的应力降,相对喀什的速率场表明：帕米尔与南天山有较大的南北向相对挤压运动,由于帕米尔向北运动的带动使塔里木块体有微弱的右旋运动,破裂后托特拱孜断裂和柯坪断裂出现相对左旋运动,能量有沿着断裂向北东东方向传递的趋势。 相似文献
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利用＂中国大陆构造环境监测网络＂新疆地区的基本站、区域站观测成果对天山及邻近地区现代地壳运动进行了研究,获得了天山地壳运动速率,提出了天山地壳缩短由南向北、由西向东逐渐递减的规律。通过GPS复测资料进行区域水平运动状态的分析,通过剪应变,面膨胀值的分布,可以发现挤压、隆升、拉张、沉陷过程中产生了正负转换的地带,在这些正负交界并且剪应变值增大的地区,一般都是地震多发区。 相似文献
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The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau. 相似文献
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FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTION AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS,XINJIANG 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHANG Zhi-bin ZHAO Xiao-cheng REN Lin 《地震地质》1979,42(3):595-611
The middle part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang is located in the north-central part of the Tianshan orogenic belt, between the rigid Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. It is one of the regions with frequent deformation and strong earthquake activities. In this paper, 492 MS>2.5 earthquake events recorded by Xinjiang seismograph network from 2009 to 2018 were collected. The MS3.5 earthquake was taken as the boundary, the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake events in this region were calculated by CAP method and FOCEMEC method respectively. At the same time the focal mechanism solutions of GCMT recorded historical earthquake events in this region were also collected. According to the global stress map classification standard, the moderate-strong earthquakes in the region are mainly dominated by thrust with a certain slip component, which are distributed near the combined belts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin and Yili Basin with Tianshan Mountains. The thrust component decreases from south to north, while the strike-slip component increases. The spatial distribution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang are obtained by using the damped regional-scale stress field inversion method. The maximum principal compressive stress in axis the study area rotated in a fan shape from west to east, the NW direction in the western section gradually shifted to NE direction, its elevation angle is nearly horizontal, in the state of near horizontal compression. The minimum principal compressive stress axis is nearly EW, and the elevation angle is nearly vertical. Influenced by large fault zones such as Kashi River, Bolhinur, Nalati, Fukang, the southern margin of the Junggar and the north Beiluntai, the local regional stress field presents complex diversity. Under the influence of the northward extrusion of Pamir and Tarim blocks, the whole Tianshan is shortened by compression, but its shortening rate decreases from south to north and from west to east, the stress shape factor increases gradually from west to east, the intermediate principal compressive stress axis exhibits a change in compression to extension. There are some differences in the characteristics of tectonic stress field between the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. The regional maximum principal compressive stress axis is 15° north by east on the south side, while it is nearly NS on the north side. The deformation of the Tianshan Mountains and the two basins on both sides is obviously larger than that in the inside of the mountain. Changes in the crustal shortening rate caused by the rotation of the rigid Tarim block and Junggar block to the relatively soft Tianshan block, as well as the uplifts of Borokonu and Bogda Mountains, the comprehensive influence of the material westward expansion constitute the stress field distribution characteristics of the north and south sides of the middle section of Tianshan Mountains. The recent two MS6.6 earthquakes in the region caused the regional stress field to rotate counterclockwise. The post-earthquake stress field and the main source focal mechanism solution tend to be consistent. The seismic activity in the study area is week in the south and strong in the north. The focal depth is about 20km. Most strike-slip earthquakes occur near the junction belt of the Tianshan and Junggar Basin. 相似文献
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Yanxing Li Guohua Yang Zhi Li Liangqian Guo Cheng Huang Wenyao Zhu Yang Fu Qi Wang Zaisen Jiang Min Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):82-117
The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90°E is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2 ± 1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1 ± 0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8 ± 1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8 ± 2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau. 相似文献
15.
新疆南部构造区带与地震活动状态研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以地震活动为主线并依据新疆地质构造运动、地壳缩短速率、断裂活动、局部应力场及历史强地震活动特征等的研究,将新疆南部地区初步划分为南天山东段、柯坪块体、喀什—乌恰交汇区及西昆仑地震带4个地震构造区带。利用新疆1900年以来的地震记录,在不同强度地震记录完整性分析的基础上,通过计算上述各构造区带年应变能释放均值、折合震级、不同震级下限的地震年发生率、b值和应变加速释放模型参数m值等参数,对各构造区带中地震活动状态进行了定量分析,进而提取了各构造区带地震活动状态的特征指标,为地震趋势分析和判定提供了定量的依据。 相似文献
16.
利用2009—2017年GPS水平速度场和1990—2018年跨断层短水准资料, 分析西昌地区现今三维地壳活动及主要断裂的活动性。 结果表明: 在西昌地区, GPS水平运动场及应变场的大小和方向发生变化。 E向运动速率由北部的平均约8 mm/a减小到南部的平均约4 mm/a; S向运动以安宁河—则木河断裂为界, 西侧点位的运动速率明显大于东侧的点位。 相对华南地块的水平形变场也显示西昌地区水平运动的差异性。 主应变场在西昌地区以SW—NE向拉张和NW—SE向挤压为主。 大凉山次级块体东侧的张应变和压应变均大于西侧; 最大剪应变率在此次级块体以条带形式展布, 条带上的最大剪应变率大于东、 西两侧; GPS水平运动速率和变形宽度相比1999—2007年资料得到的结果大, 表明安宁河—则木河断裂带处于剪切应变积累阶段, 闭锁程度有所提高。 跨断层水准资料显示, 该断裂存在新的活动迹象, 应力持续积累。 综合分析两种资料结果, 推测区域地震危险性将进一步增强。 相似文献
17.
Horizontal movement and strain characteristics in Tianshan and its adjacent region with GPS deformation data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The Tianshan Mountain is the youngest cordillera in the present-day continental Asia, and its tectonic evolution is closely related to the collision and subduction between Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate in the Himalayas orogen since Cenozoic… 相似文献
18.
This research focused on the Aksu area in the central part of the southern Tianshan. Along the 60 km wide Aksu fold-and-thrust
belt, active thrusts reach the surface and offset the youngest sediments. Our research was based on the geomorphologic study
that examined the advance and retreat of glaciers cut by thrusts in the Tomur area in the north of Aksu. Our fieldwork revealed
that two fault scarps were clearest across three different moraines that represent the maximum of advance of glaciers during
three glacial periods along the Tailan River in the Tomur area. The measured heights of the fault scarps that cut the moraines,
together with the moraines-inferred age, imply a shortening rate of 1.85 mm/a on the Aksu area since late Pleistocene. This
rate, similar to that of the Korla area on its east side and of the Kaping area on its west side, but lower than that of the
Kashgar area farther west and of the Manas area in the northern margin of the belt, implies that the distribution of shortening
across the Tianshan changed markedly along the mountain. 相似文献
19.
天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题 总被引：73，自引：6，他引：73
天山是大陆内部典型的新生代复活造山带，其新生代构造变形的方式，变形量，速度及过程等对于认识大陆内部造山带的变形机理有着重要的意义。本文在对南北天山主要活动构造地质填图和综合研究的基础上，重点探讨了天山的晚新生代构造变形特征及其动力学问题。早更新世以来，特别是早，中更新世之间，天山的构造活动由内部向南北两侧扩展，使得两侧的新生代凹陷逐渐褶皱成山，形成数排新生代褶皱带，整个天山的现代构造活动是一种扇形 相似文献