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1.
Taihu Lake is the third largest fresh water lake in China, locating in Yangtze Delta as the richest area of China. At present, eutrophication problem is severe in Taihu Lake. This paper, in view of ecological system, presents analysis of the composition structural characteristics of Taihu Lake environment regarded as a whole ecological system, energy and substances circulation between ecological factors. The Taihu Lake ecological environment is proceeding a lake evolution period, i.e. middle-eutrophic to eutrophic. Therefore the diversion water''from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake through the Wangyu River acts to change external agent function for Taihu ecological system, i.e. increasing water quantity of Taihu Lake may rise water level and speed up flow exchanging. Moreover, with harnessing measures for pollution sources to reduce input of nutrients, natural evolution procedure of Taihu ecological environment may slow down to subsequently improve Taihu ecological environment. 相似文献
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According to the social and natural conditions of Taihu Lake Basin, the planning objectives and some ideas for water pollution prevention in Taihu Lake and its surrounding river-lake system are proposed. 相似文献
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Lake Taihu, the third largest fresh water lake in China, with a surface area of 2 338 km2, is located in the Changjiang River Delta, the most advanced economic zone in China. During the last two decades, the rapid economic development of local agriculture and industry both in the urban and rural areas of the region has made great advances. Great quantieis of pollutants have been discharged into the lake, its nutrient content has increased continuously, and phytoplankton blooms have occurred in some areas. Water quality protection in Lake Taihu is very important because of its close relation with economical development and people''s daily life. It is urgent to have comprehensive pollution control in Lake Taihu. Based on water quality monitoring data in Lake Taihu from 1987 to 1994, the dynamic variations of water quality and eutrophication trends have been analyzed, showing obvious spatial and temporal variations. The main water quality factors were compared with the standard for drinking water and indicate considerable change with the seasons. Some basic strategies to protect water quality and prevent eutrophication are discussed. 相似文献
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太湖富营养化问题及其综合控制对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
On the basis of nine-time current situation investigation for eutrophication of Taihu Lake during 1991-1995, this paper evaluated the trophic levels in the different periods and analyzed the development of the main nutrient content in the nearest 35 years. The results show that the trophic level of Taihu Lake is in the transition state from meso-eutrophic to eutrophic. The eutrophhic and hypereutrophic waters account for 10% or so. The limiting nutrient, P, rises most rapidly, which causes the ratio of N:P to decrease. The increase of P content is still one of the main factors giving rise to the eutrophication of Taihu. LakeSome proposals of comprehensive countermeasure for the eutrophication are put forward. They include the pollution source control of the basin, the littoral multiple management, optimal dispatch of water conservancy facilities, the engineering of helping Taihu Lake with diversion of the Changjiang River, and as well as the setting of the water quality protection and legal system. 相似文献
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In accordance with the natural, geographic, and ecological characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the relation between the water body of Taihu Lake and its surrounding environment, an area, which has tight relevance with the water environment of Taihu Lake, was token as the main investigation region. The area was named as the Taihu Lake Region. Some factors, such as TN, TP, CODCr that characterized the main environmental problem, the eutrophication were selected when conducted the pollution sources investigation on in Taihu Lake Region. The categories, distribution, pollution contribution to the Lake of dijferent pollution sources, as well as the routes of pollutants entering the Lake were basically made clear. Pollution sources that must be preferentially controlled and the direction of controlling those main pollutants, such as TN, TP, CODCr, were proposed. Base on the investigation, a series of eco-systematic approaches for controlling Taihu Lake eutrophication were put forward. They are ecosystem regulation, nutrient substances transferring along food chain, trophic masse degrading step by step along the route from a pollution source to the Lake, building ecological preventive zone of the Lake, as well as the ecological measures for point sources treatment and so on. 相似文献
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The eutrophication of Lake Taihu is becoming more serious day by day and more urgent to be comprehensively harnessed. The lake sludge is considered as a important polluting factor. To control the internal pollution source of Lake Taihu and restore its water ecological environment, this paper put forward an idea of the dredging for environmental purposes. It was on the basis of the research on the sludge storage and physical/chemical characteristics. The technical keys are sludge-dredging depth, time, method and sludge treatment. The requirements and scheme for the environmental dredging work in Lake Taihu were also analyzed in detail. 相似文献
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Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
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Contributions of phosphatase and microbial activity to internal phosphorus loading and their relation to lake eutrophication 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
Phosphatase may accelerate the process of lake eutrophication through improving phosphorus bioavailability. This mechanism was studied in three Chinese eutrophic shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, Lake Longyang and Lake Lianhua). Phosphatase activity was related to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and chlorophyll a. Stability of dissolved phosphatase in reverse micelles may be attributed to molecular size, conformation and active residues of the enzyme. At the site with Microcystis bloomed in Lake Taihu, dissolved phosphatase activity was higher and more stable in micelles, SRP concentrations were lower in interstitial water, the contents of different forms of phosphorus and the amounts of aerobic bacteria were lower while respiration efficiency was higher in sediments. Phosphobacteria, both inorganic and organic and other microorganisms were abundant in surface water but rare in sediments. Therefore, internal phosphorus may substantially flux into water column by enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic release, together with mobility of bacteria, thereby initiating the bloom. In short, biological mechanism may act in concert with physical and chemical factors to drive the internal phosphorus release and accelerate lake eutrophication. 相似文献
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Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
10.
The phosphorus fractions, the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and other water chemical parameters were concomitantly monitored from April 2003 to October 2004 in different eco-type sites of Lake Taihu. During the stages of algae growth, the phosphorus fractions and their relationships with APA in different ecotype sites were discussed and the phosphorus mineralization rate was calculated. In the water of Lake Taihu, most of the phosphorus (70.2%) could be attributed to the suspended particulate phosphorus, while the dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) seems to contribute less than 7%. About 58% of the total phosphorus, however, can be hydrolyzed as inorganic phosphate to compensate for phosphorus deficiency of algae and bacteria growth. During the different algae growth stages, the APA and its Kinetic parameters were varied significantly between different ecotype sites of Lake Taihu. This trend is also visible by comparing the phosphorus mineralization rate, and the most rapidly phosphorus turnover time is only several minutes. The fast recycle of phosphorus can, to some extent, be explained that the phosphorus source of algal blooms. The phytoplankton seems to compensate for phosphorus deficiency by using the alkaline phosphatase to hydrolyze phosphomonoesters. 相似文献
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“引江济太”对2016年后太湖总磷反弹的直接影响分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对“引江济太”工程将总磷浓度偏高的长江水引入太湖后对2016年后太湖总磷反弹的影响,本文实测并收集整理了2016年前后“引江济太”调水入湖水量、磷通量及全太湖入湖水量、磷通量与太湖磷存量等数据,对2016年前后“引江济太”调水入湖水量、磷通量、磷形态与其他入湖河道水量、磷通量、磷形态以及全太湖的水质、受水区贡湖的水质进行了分析.结果表明：2016年前后,“引江济太”年均入湖磷通量为97.56 t,年均入湖水量为8.16亿m3,从调水量、入湖磷通量、调水后短期磷响应及各湖区磷增量来看,“引江济太”与2016年后太湖总磷反弹相关性不强.“引江济太”调水累计入湖磷通量为877.97 t,占太湖总入湖磷通量的4.58%,累计入湖水量占太湖累计入湖水量的7.36%,单位水量携带的磷通量仅为其他来水的一半左右,占比相对有限.与太湖主要入湖河流相比,“引江济太”调水属于优质来水,湖泊的入湖河流总磷浓度一般都高于湖泊本身的总磷浓度,“引江济太”调水总磷浓度偏高属于正常范围.目前“引江济太”工程在保证供水安全、缓解水华危机的同时对处于严重富营养化状态的太湖具有一定的改善效果,但未来引水量增加的情况下,必须继续关注引水带来的磷通量与太湖磷循环系统的关系,确保“引江济太”对太湖继续产生良性的影响. 相似文献
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江苏新沂河河漫滩表面流人工湿地对污染河水的净化试验 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16
通过对环太湖水文巡测资料水量统计方法比较入手,计算分析2000-2002年环太湖河流进出湖水量、水质、污染负荷量变化．结合太湖水质变化分析,得出自2000年后环太湖进出湖河流的水质污染恶化趋势总体得到初步遏制,湖州、苏州地区环太湖河流水质保持稳定并呈一定改善趋势,但无锡、常州地区的环太湖河流水质浓度仍呈升高趋势,尤其是常州地区入湖河流的TP、CODMn浓度升高较快．与此相对应,太湖水质在总体保持基本稳定中有所好转,水质总体恶化趋势已经得到初步控制,但位于西北部的竺山湖各项水质指标进一步恶化,明显劣于梅梁湖水质,应当引起当地有关部门重视,加大治理力度．环太湖河流的入湖和出湖污染负荷量总体呈现增加趋势,但从净入湖污染负荷量分析,CODMn呈波动性减少趋势,TP和TN呈增加趋势． 相似文献
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2010-2017年太湖总磷浓度变化趋势分析及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来,太湖流域各省市政府加大治理力度,流域水体水质取得明显好转,氨氮浓度和总氮浓度呈大幅度下降趋势,然而太湖水体总磷浓度呈上升趋势.为探讨太湖总磷浓度升高的原因,采用太湖流域管理局2010年以来的水质水量实测数据、遥感监测数据等,分别从太湖入湖河流污染负荷量、水生植被和蓝藻与总磷浓度的关系3个方面进行相关性分析.结果表明,入湖河流总磷浓度高于太湖水体总磷浓度,且磷不易出湖,逐年总磷净入湖量持续累积与太湖总磷浓度有明显的正相关性,入湖污染负荷量大是太湖总磷浓度居高不下的根本原因;水生植被可吸收湖泊沉积物中的营养盐,并抑制底泥再悬浮从而降低内源性营养盐的释放,东太湖水生植被的大量减少,一方面减少了沉水植物对磷元素的吸收,另一方面增加了风浪对底泥的扰动再悬浮,造成磷元素释放,是造成湖水总磷浓度升高的重要因素;近年来太湖蓝藻密度呈上升趋势,受其影响,总磷浓度也有上升,蓝藻水华加快湖体磷循环,藻类密度增加也是太湖总磷浓度升高的影响因素之一. 相似文献
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2007年以来环太湖22条主要河流水质变化及其对太湖的影响 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
随着现代经济的迅速发展,太湖流域污染问题日益严重.为了解太湖湖区以及入湖河流的水质变化趋势,分析两者之间的关系,本文选取太湖湖区以及环太湖22条主要入湖河流2007-2014年水质监测资料,按行政区划分析22条主要入湖河流的氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、总磷和总氮浓度变化趋势以及其与太湖水质关系.结果显示,江苏省境内河流2007年以来污染物浓度普遍高于浙江省,但主要入湖河流总体上呈好转趋势,并且河流各指标的浓度变化与太湖的水质变化密切相关,验证了河道污染物输入作为太湖主要的污染物外源,直接影响太湖水质的变化,指出对入湖河流污染物的控制是缓解和治理太湖污染输入的重要途径. 相似文献
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河道入湖污染物量计算精度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
入湖污染物量计算精度的高低决定入湖污染物量分析结果的客观性和准确性.本文以太湖为例,分析2010年环太湖河道入湖污染物量、时空分布情况及多年环太湖河道入湖染污物量变化情势.在此基础上,使用现在已有监测条件分析时段内每日水量水质监测数据计算逐日入湖污染物量时段累积值,并以此作为现有分析计算河道入湖污染物量的最高计算精度值.通过设定不同监测方案、采用不同计算方法分析河道入湖污染物量及其计算精度,认为现有分析计算的河道入湖污染物量已是每日河道水量水质同步监测下河道入湖污染物量的80%左右.针对河道入湖污染物量计算精度的分析可为制定科学的河道入湖污染量监测方案、提高河道入湖污染物量计算精度提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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太湖流域水环境综合治理力度空前,太湖总磷浓度却于2015、2016年重回升势,蓝藻大面积暴发情况也未得到有效遏制.本文从2015和2016年环太湖河道的进出太湖水量、总磷负荷量计算入手,结合雨情、水情、太湖调蓄以及人为影响等各方面因素,分别开展水量和总磷负荷质量的平衡分析.在此基础上,结合20102017年环太湖河流多年平均进出太湖总磷负荷量对比,分析太湖总磷的外源、内源变化趋势及来源,探讨2015和2016年太湖总磷升高的原因及控制重点方向.结果表明,2015和2016年为太湖流域丰水年,尤其是2016年发生特大洪水,太湖年内最高水位达4.87 m,仅次于1999年的4.97 m的历史最高水位.2015和2016年大量外源总磷负荷进入太湖,其中环太湖河道带入的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的66.8%和74.2%,成为进入太湖的总磷负荷的主要外源;加之,2015年太湖水生植物收割造成当年沉水植物面积较上年同期下降88.7%,水生植物骤减导致对磷的吸收转化能力下降,滞留在湖体中的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的21.5%和27.5%,成为影响太湖水体总磷浓度的重要内源.太湖总磷浓度升高又为太湖蓝藻暴发进一步提供了营养盐基础,亟需强化太湖总磷源头的控制、减少总磷入湖总量. 相似文献
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磷是湖泊生态系统物质和能量循环的重要组成部分,是湖泊富营养化防治的重要控制性指标.为分析太湖富营养化与人类活动的关系,掌握总磷（TP）的时空变化规律及驱动因子,本文收集整理了1980—2020年太湖TP浓度数据并分析了TP的时序、时空和年内变化特征.结果表明,1980s经济社会快速发展之初,伴随着工业和三产用水量激增,废污水排放量和入湖负荷大增,1985—1995年太湖TP浓度急剧升高.随着治理与保护措施的实施,到1995年达到峰值后逐步走低,2009年后进入了窄幅波动期.从空间上看,不同时段TP浓度分布格局较好地反映了入湖污染物的输入分布.通过分时段对比分析可能影响太湖TP浓度变化的驱动因子,分别讨论了经济社会发展、用水量、废污水排放量,入湖水量、入湖河流TP浓度、入湖TP负荷,蓝藻水华、水温,高等水生植物,底泥释放,太湖换水周期变化等.结果表明,近10年来入湖TP负荷增加,蓝藻水华强度加大,水温升高,高等水生植物面积减少,这些因素会导致太湖TP浓度上升.2008—2019年净入湖TP负荷比1998—2007年增加了33.9%,而近10年太湖换水周期缩短了17.7%,在一定程度上抵消了影响太湖TP浓度升高的驱动因子的不利影响,太湖TP浓度不升反降.为此建议在新一轮太湖治理中积极开展控源截污、节水减排、水资源调控、高等水生植被恢复、重点污染湖区清淤疏浚等针对性措施以期获得更好的太湖TP浓度控制效果. 相似文献