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基于近海生态环境健康状况“双核”评价框架,文章综合评估近40年来胶州湾海洋环境健康状况,梳理胶州湾生态环境伴随青岛市经济社会发展的演变历程。以每10年为1个区间,近40年来胶州湾海洋生态环境健康状况的“双核”评价结果为：1981-1990年为“良+0.22”、1991-2000年为“优+0.53”、2001-2010年为“良+0.87”以及2011-2020年为“优+0.90”。随着青岛市经济社会的发展,人类对胶州湾海洋资源环境开发利用的力度不断加大,胶州湾生态环境也出现各种问题：20世纪80年代水质恶化,90年代生物群落健康状况下滑,2000年后富营养化问题严重。2010年以来,青岛市加大生态保护和环境治理力度,胶州湾的海洋生态环境得到显著改善,而伴随着新旧动能转化提速和产业结构不断优化升级,经济开发活动对胶州湾海洋生态环境的扰动不断降低,最终实现胶州湾海洋经济与环境良性、健康的绿色发展模式。 相似文献
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文章利用GIS平台分析了山东省渤海海域使用现状;基于AHP和德尔菲法构建了海域资源环境承载力评价模型,从海洋空间资源、海洋环境质量和海洋生态环境等方面,以县级行政区管理海域为基本单元,评价了山东省渤海海域15个县级行政区管理海域的承载能力水平;运用空间分析模块,给出了反映15个评价单元海域资源环境承载能力的空间分布图。结果表明:山东省渤海海域资源环境承载能力较高的单元主要分布在长岛县、蓬莱市和龙口市等海域;海域资源环境承载能力较低的单元主要分布在无棣县、昌邑市和潍坊市寒亭区等海域;海洋资源环境承载能力呈现出东部高于西部、西部高于中部的特点。未来,应加强海洋资源环境保护,探求增强沿海地区承载能力的有效途径。 相似文献
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渤海海洋资源与环境的可持续利用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
渤海素以“鱼盆”、“盐盆”、“油盆”著称于世,是我国四大海区中海洋资源最密集的海区。自我国实行改革开放政策以来,环渤海地区的海洋经济得到了长足的发展,沿海大部分地市主要海洋产业产值年平均增长速度都在20%左右,远远高于同期非海洋产业的年平均增长速度。海洋经济的发展,为环渤海地区国民经济的持续、快速、健康发展作出了重要的贡献。但是,也应该看到渤海作为一个内海,具有天然的生态脆弱性。这种生态脆弱性与渤海近一二十年来的无序开发、无度开发相叠加,使得渤海在开发利用过程中产生了诸如部分资源利用过度、局部海域环境污染… 相似文献
4.
提出采用海洋资源环境承载综合指数法划定海洋资源环境超载红线区的方法。通过分析我国海洋管理分区体系现状,提出海洋资源环境超载红线区是海洋生态红线区的重要组成部分。以压力-承压-调节力为框架,建立海洋资源环境超载红线区评价指标体系和综合评价方法,给出指标标准值、权重、选择性与空间属性的确定原则,以盘锦市管辖海域为案例区,划定了海洋资源环境超载红线区。结果表明,具有调节系数的资源环境承载综合指数法较为科学地划定了案例区的资源环境超载红线区,盘锦海域超载红线区的面积占盘锦管辖海域面积的58.3%,主要分布在盘锦港口航运区、辽滨工业与城镇用海区和辽东湾农渔业区等海洋功能区内。 相似文献
5.
海域承载力是海洋资源利用协调发展的重要指标,本研究旨在根据胶州湾海域资源特征,基于DPSIR模型构建海域承载力评价指标体系,运用熵值法评价2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力,并运用耦合协调度模型分析胶州湾海域承载力子系统内部的耦合协调度。结果表明,2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力和耦合协调度变化幅度范围分别为0.70~0.95和0.73~0.85。研究结论如下:1)2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力处于强可载、近满载状态,总体呈降低趋势;2)在压力层中的对海洋资源的需求是影响海域承载力的主要因素,而GDP (Gross Domestic Product)增长率、海洋渔船数和海洋渔船功率、人均滩涂面积和人均用海面积、主要海洋产业增加值年增长率、人工增殖放流则分别是影响驱动力层、压力层、状态层、影响层、响应层的主要因素;3)2000—2020年间胶州湾海域承载力整体耦合协调度总体呈“初级协调至良好协调”态势。 相似文献
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渤海地理位置优越,海洋经济发展迫切需要地质环境资料的支撑,现有研究通常分海区开展,缺乏实测资料支持的系统性研究。基于2008—2016年海洋区域地质调查环境地质因素的相关资料,通过网格化处理,量化渤海海域主要环境地质因素的特征参数,建立了以海底地形或底质环境变化类、地层不均衡类、活动构造类为主要评价指标的地质环境稳定性评价指标体系,采用专家-层次分析定权法和模糊数学评价方法对研究区地质环境稳定性进行定量评价研究。结果显示,渤海海域依据地质环境稳定性可划分为差等、较差、中等、较好、优等5级,大部分海域地质环境稳定性总体较好,地质环境稳定性较差的海域占比10.00%,尤其是黄河三角洲周边海域,不稳定环境地质因素活动断层、地震震中、浅层气及与潮流相关的环境地质因素较为集中,危险性较大。研究结果对渤海海域自然资源的开发利用、生态环境保护等具有重要的应用价值,相关定量评价方法可为中国海洋环境地质研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
8.
为全面了解曹妃甸近岸海域海洋生态系统健康状况,促进其合理开发利用海洋资源和建设海洋生态文明,文章根据2010—2014年的相关监测数据,采用区域生态系统健康评价方法,选取海水环境、沉积物环境、生物栖息地、生物残毒和生物5类评价指标,并确定指标标准、赋值和计算方法,从而确定各评价指标的健康指数。研究结果表明:2010—2014年曹妃甸近岸海域海水环境、沉积物环境和生物残毒均为健康状态,生物栖息地均为不健康状态,生物除2011年10月外(不健康)均为亚健康状态;海洋生态系统除2011年10月为不健康状态外,其余年份均为亚健康状态;生物指标决定整个海洋生态系统的健康状态,而围填海活动对生物栖息地的破坏是生物健康指数较低的主要原因。在此基础上,提出应尤其注重对生物环境的保护和修复,加强近岸海域生态环境综合整治和围填海管控。 相似文献
9.
根据2014~2016年渤海各航次监测数据,选择22项因子构建表征研究区水环境、沉积环境、生态系统健康状态的评价指标体系,利用AHP层次分析方法对渤海生态系统的健康状况进行了评价。结果表明,渤海综合生态指数CEI为0.643,健康等级为中级,表明渤海生态系统整体处于亚健康的状态。生态健康较差和差的区域主要集中在莱州湾-渤海湾及其毗连地带的黄河三角洲地区;唐山-秦皇岛-葫芦岛近海及其纵深海域大体处于中级健康水准;渤海中部海区及其毗连的渤海海峡区域,海洋生态健康水平较高。根据评价结果,认为陆源输入、围填海工程是莱州湾和渤海湾的主要胁迫因子,并探讨了相应对策,以期为渤海的综合管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(1):27-36
Preformed Cd and PO4 were investigated in the northwestern Pacific (Station CM05) and the Okhotsk Sea (Station CM06), and the relationship between the two elements was examined. At CM05, from the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)–Cd and PO4 plot, the different molecular ratios of consumed O2 to regenerated Cd and PO4 were calculated to be 254,000 (Cd) and 96 (PO4) for the shallow layer (30–99 m) and 613,000 (Cd) and 170 (PO4) for the deep layer (below the oxygen minimum layer), which suggested the preferential remineralization of Cd and PO4 in the shallow layer. At CM06, regeneration ratios of O2/Cd, PO4 were obtained only in the shallow layer (29–124 m) as 227,000 (Cd) and 75 (PO4). The calculated preformed Cd and PO4 concentrations in the shallow layer were 0.59 nM of Cd and 1.6 μM of PO4 at CM05 and 0.35 nM of Cd and 0.95 μM of PO4 at CM06. These concentrations were much higher than those (close to 0) in the low-latitude area, which was attributable to the supply of these constituents from deep water by the strong winter convection. In the deep layer, at CM05, preformed concentrations were 0.64 nM of Cd and 1.4 μM of PO4. Preformed PO4 generally agreed with previously reported values in the Pacific, which suggested that the concentrations of the initial PO4 in the deep water were preserved as preformed through the movement to the northwestern Pacific. On the other hand, obtained preformed Cd in the northwestern Pacific deep water showed a somewhat higher value than that in the southwest Pacific. The possibility of the terrestrial input and remineralization of Cd by CaCO3 dissolution during the northward movement was considered. A plot of Cd and PO4 showed a linear relationship with slopes of 0.34 and 0.40 (nM/μM) at CM05 and CM06, respectively, which generally agreed with the reported values in the North Pacific. 相似文献
12.
渤海、黄海、东海冬季海流场温度场数值模拟和同化技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用NASA高分辨率的卫星遥感资料SST,采用Nudging同化来模拟渤海、黄海、东海的三维温度场,减小用热通量作上边界条件所带来的误差.结果表明,模拟的海流场能较好地反映渤海、黄海、东海的环流特征.数据同化后的温度场优于未经同化的温度场.3个选择站点的同化值与实测值的均方根误差分别为1.307,0.526,0.744,用热通量资料模拟的水温与实测值的均方根误差分别为2.160,0.979,1.330.尽管只同化了海表温度,但数据同化对三维温度场结构都有影响. 相似文献
13.
海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在分析海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境优势的基础上，指出当前存在的5个主要问题，即海洋资源的综合开发利用缺乏统一的规划、海洋防护林和生物资源破坏严重、水质富营养化、海域污染等，并对存在问题提出今后的对策。 相似文献
14.
2004年，是我国海洋工作面临历史性机遇和挑战的一年。中国海监总队在国家海洋局的领导和关怀下，在局各有关部门和各分局、各沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋厅(局)的大力支持下，坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神，全面落实局党组2004年的重点工作，以执法能力建设为重点，以海盾系列专项执法、执法示范工作为主线，上下团结一致，与时俱进，开拓进取，认真履行职能，全力推进全国海监队伍建设和海洋执法监察工作。 相似文献
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Robert Hage 《Marine Policy》1984,8(1):2-15
This is a historical review of Canadian policy at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Canadian objectives with regard to the territorial sea, fisheries, pollution prevention and the continental shelf are outlined and the role played by the Canadian delegation at UNCLOS is described. The article then examines the impact of the Convention on Canada, particular attention being paid to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and the Canadian role in the controversy over seabed mining. The author concludes by arguing that Canada was a major beneficiary of the Convention, but that US opposition has placed the future of the Convention in jeopardy. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of our work was to obtain the most possible detailed information about the composition, concentration, and structural
features of the magnetic minerals contained in the rock to reveal the differences in the magnetic properties of the peridotites
under various circumstances of the mantle magmatism and different conditions of metamorphism. To do this, we examined and
analyzed the magnetic and petrographic characteristics of four collections of oceanic and alpinotype spinel peridotites. The
main object for comparing the magnetic characteristics was the Gorringe ridge, which lies in the eastern part of the Atlantic
Ocean. The peridotite samples from the Gorringe ridge differ from the other collections in many magnetic parameters: I
n
, χ, Q, I
rs
/I
s
, H
c
, H
cr
, and H
m
. The principal question of our work was to clarify the nature of the Earth’s crust where the Gorringe ridge formed. This
subject was studied many times in the literature, but the researchers did not reach a common opinion. In accordance with our
data, the spinel peridotites from the Gorringe ridge represent a subcontinental lithosphere mantle of the Iberian continental
margin. During the metamorphism, the formation of magnetite occurred in the peridotites of the Gorringe ridge in several stages
and had a regressive character. Our investigations explain the results of the analysis of the anomalous magnetic field over
the Gorringe ridge, which is characterized by sharp roughness and high intensity of the local signchanging anomalies. 相似文献
18.
Aleksandras Rybakovas Janina Bar&#x;ien&#x; Thomas Lang 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(5):246-256
Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish. 相似文献
19.
金塘大桥跨越灰鳖洋,连接金塘岛沥港镇与宁波镇海新泓口,全长18.5 km,为舟山连岛工程的主体.该大桥工程所在海域潮汐为非正规浅海半日潮,历年最大潮差为3.67 m,多年平均潮差为1.91 m;潮流呈往复流特征,且基本平行于峡道走向.金塘大桥水域东侧微冲,西侧微淤,深泓摆幅较小,深槽稳定.在海床演变分析的基础上,运用数学模型进行了桥轴线的优化,由实体定床与动床模型探讨了建桥对水动力的影响.数学模型选用2002年3月和11月实测水文测验资料对模型进行率定和验证.物理模型选取中值粒径为0.2 mm的塑料沙作为动床试验的模型沙,选用2002年11月实测水文测验资料对定床模型进行验证,选用2002年11月和2003年4月两次水下地形资料对动床模型进行河床冲淤验证,验证精度均满足相关规范要求.研究结果表明,以推荐的方案建桥对桥位近区的潮位、流速与潮量的影响均较小.建桥后,下游高潮位有所抬高,上游高潮位有所降低;上游低潮位有所抬高,下游低潮位略有降低.由于桥墩的阻水作用,使该桥所在海域海流流速整体上略有减小,减小量一般在5%以内;桥墩间因海流集中使流速有所增加.建桥使主航道航深有所增加,桥位近区与远区分别冲刷0.6～0.8 m和0.1～0.2 m;西航道桥轴线近区冲刷0.4～0.5 m,远区淤积0.1～0.2 m.建桥对甬江口、金塘锚地、七里屿锚地均无明显的不良影响,对北仑港区基本没有影响. 相似文献
20.
The upper Oyashio intermediate water, one of the source waters for the Sea of Okhotsk intermediate water, is exhibiting a
warming trend. The historical data show that the upper Oyashio temperature increased by 2.4°C during 1953 to 2007 at the potential
density of 26.75 at depths of approximately 170 m. This rate of warming is much faster than that of the global ocean and the
Sea of Okhotsk. The upper Oyashio warming is likely linked to the penetration of warm water of the Alaskan Stream westward.
One mechanism of this warm Alaskan Stream water penetration is associated with large Aleutian eddies. 相似文献