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1.
对海水中锰的光化学反应及其影响因素进行了研究.实验结果表明,锰的光化学反应主要通过有机物为媒介进行,反应液中加入的有机物种类和浓度的改变会导致锰的光化学反应速率的改变.增加光强,有利于锰的光还原反应的进行.降低体系的pH值,可提高锰的光反应速率.锰在不同介质中光反应速率从大到小的顺序为:去离子水、人工海水、天然海水.此外,搅拌有利于锰的光反应的进行,但在体系分布已达均匀的前提下,搅拌速率的大小对锰的光反应速率几乎无影响.研究表明,通过光化学反应,海水中的锰会由四价的颗粒态转化为二价的可溶态,从而有利于浮游植物的吸收和生长. 相似文献
2.
羧甲基壳聚糖金属配合物的制备及抗O_2~-·活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
制备了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)的3种金属配合物CMCS-Zn(Ⅱ),CMCS-Ca(Ⅱ)和CMCS-Ce(Ⅲ),通过红外光谱分析对其进行了表征,并对它们对超氧阴离子自由基O_2~-·的抑制作用作了研究.结果表明,在0.004～0.02 g/L浓度范围内,CMCS自身具有一定的O_2~-·抑制作用,且随浓度的增加而增大;CMCS-Ce(Ⅲ),CMCS-Ca(Ⅱ),CMCS-Zn(Ⅱ)_3种金属配合物对O_2~-·的抑制作用较CMCS有了一定提高,且抑制率亦随配合物浓度增加而增大;其中CMCS-Zn(Ⅱ)配合物催化O_2~-·歧化的活性最强,CMCS-Ca(Ⅱ)配合物次之,CMCS-Ce(Ⅲ)配合物最弱,说明配合物对O_2~-·的抑制作用与金属离子的种类有关. 相似文献
3.
以二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)为目标污染物,研究了铁(Fe0)和超声辅助铁(US-Fe0)还原降解水溶液中氯乙酸,以及溶液初始pH值、Fe0投加量、反应温度、反应时间、氯乙酸初始浓度对降解率的影响,并对降解的动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明,Fe0还原氯乙酸的最佳条件是:pH值为4.0、铁投加量为4g·L-1,室温条件下反应16h。超声辅助对Fe0还原水中氯乙酸的反应具有显著促进作用。在初始浓度为50μg·L-1时,US-Fe0还原降解DCAA和TCAA的降解率分别为87.3%和82.0%。Fe0和US-Fe0还原降解氯乙酸均符合准一级反应动力学(对氯乙酸),降解的表观速率常数分别为1.03×10-3 s-1(Fe0还原DCAA)、5.70×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原DCAA)和5.63×10-4 s-1(Fe0还原TCAA)、2.58×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原TCAA)。TCAA脱氯生成DCAA是降解的速率控制步骤。 相似文献
4.
以渤海(塘沽海域)沉积物为材料,富集异化铁还原混合菌群。采用三层平板方法,从混合菌群中纯化出一株异化铁还原细菌KB52。通过形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,菌株命名为Klebsiella sp.KB52(Gene Bank号KM233642)。在葡萄糖为电子供体,Fe(OH)_3为电子受体条件下厌氧培养菌株KB52,其细胞生长和Fe(Ⅲ)还原具有明显耦合关系。碳源分别设置为葡萄糖、乳酸钠、丙酮酸钠、乙酸钠、甲酸钠和丙酸钠,在海水培养条件下菌株KB52以丙酮酸钠为碳源时,菌株培养液累积Fe(Ⅱ)浓度最高,为4.41 mmol/L±0.59 mmol/L。菌株KB52在设定NaCl浓度范围内,都能够生长并具有铁还原性质,菌株表现出较强的耐盐性。NaCl质量浓度为4 g/L时,菌株KB52还原Fe(Ⅲ)效率最高,Fe(Ⅱ)达到4.95 mmol/L±0.72 mmol/L。铁还原细菌KB52在淡水和海水条件下能够生长并具有铁还原性质,可用于近海沉积物中微生物介导异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原过程,进一步应用于治理海洋环境污染。 相似文献
5.
本文根据催化动力学原理和CPA矩阵法成功地建立1种新的能同时测定水体中痕量金属铁(Ⅲ)和镍(Ⅱ)混合双组分的分析方法,并将该方法应用于实际水体中铁(Ⅲ)和镍(Ⅱ)的测定。并确定了同时测定铁(Ⅲ)和镍(Ⅱ)的最佳分析条件是:pH=2.00,t=25.0℃,V(1,10-菲啰啉)=2.00 mL,c(KIO4)=1.2×10-4mol·L-1,c(RAWL)=5.00×10-5mol·L-1,反应时间t=10 min。在确定的最佳分析反应条件下,铁(Ⅲ)的线性范围为0~70.00 ng·mL-1,镍(Ⅱ)的线性范围为0~60.00 ng.mL-1,所建方法的相对标准偏差为0.61%~2.32%。对铁(Ⅲ)和镍(Ⅱ)质量浓度分别在5.00~60.00 ng·mL-1范围内的12组铁镍混合液进行测定,回收率在95.4%~104.4%。对自来水和黄河水水样的测定结果表明:铁(Ⅲ)和镍(Ⅱ)的回收率为95.5%~99.0%。 相似文献
6.
制备了L-半胱氨酸缩邻香草醛配体C11H13NO4S,将其与Co(Ⅱ)作用合成了一种新型的配合物.通过元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、摩尔电导率分析及TG-DTG等手段对合成的配合物进行了表征.双核配合物的组成为[Co2(C11H12NO4S)2 (CH3COO)2],配体中的酚羟基的氧原子,氨基上的氮原子分别参与配位,羧基以双齿形式参与配位,Co(Ⅱ)的配位数为6.利用紫外-可见光谱,荧光发射光谱,离子强度改变,[Fe(CN)6]4荧光猝灭及黏度测定等方法对Co(Ⅱ)配合物与小牛胸腺DNA(CT-DNA)的结合方式进行了研究.实验结果表明,Co(Ⅱ)配合物与CT-DNA的结合方式为插入结合. 相似文献
7.
《海洋科学》2019,(5)
利用异化铁还原细菌处理Cr(Ⅵ)是重金属污染修复领域的一个新兴研究方向。本文以海洋沉积物中异化铁还原混合菌群为研究对象,分析铁还原细菌异化铁还原性质对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)还原效率的影响。菌群异化铁还原性质的实验结果表明,以柠檬酸铁和氢氧化铁为不同电子受体时,菌群异化铁还原的效率存在差异,培养体系累积Fe(II)浓度分别为85.08±5.85 mg/L和32.55±4.78 mg/L。电子受体对混合菌群组成的影响主要表现在,以柠檬酸铁和氢氧化铁为电子受体时,混合菌群多样性Shannon指数分别是4.615和4.158,较对照组高(Shannon指数3.735)。异化还原Fe(Ⅲ)培养体系中,细菌种群的优势菌属是Clostridium,属于梭菌目Clostridiales,表明梭菌是参与Fe(Ⅲ)还原的主要优势菌。菌群异化铁还原性质对Cr(Ⅵ)还原效率影响的实验结果表明,柠檬酸铁为电子受体,细菌在Fe(Ⅲ)浓度为1 120 mg/L时异化铁还原效率高,并且还原Cr(Ⅵ)达100%。氢氧化铁为电子受体, Fe(Ⅲ)浓度1 680 mg/L时,异化铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)效率高(72%),是对照组4倍。研究结果为进一步应用微生物治理重金属Cr(Ⅵ)污染提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
由于季节和分布深度的不同,海藻接受的光强和温度也不同,其生理响应机制也不同。本文旨在研究不同光强对缘管浒苔(Ulvalinza)光合生理特性及短期温度效应的影响。缘管浒苔样品采自连云港高公岛海区(119.3°E, 34.5°N)。实验设置了低、中、高三个不同水平的光强,分别为90、200和400μE/(m~2·s)。结果表明,藻体的净光合作用速率在低光下显著低于培养在高、中光下的,而光强对呼吸作用速率无显著影响。高光下藻体光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)值显著低于中、低光强下,而非光化学淬灭(NPQ)值随光强降低显著下降。叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量在低光强下均显著高于高、中光强下的含量。最大相对电子传递速率(rETR_(max))随光强变化显著,中光下最高,低光下最低;饱和光强(I_k)在低光下显著低于在高、中光下。在不同浓度的溶解性无机碳(DIC)下,净光合作用速率在不受碳限制时所能达到的最大速率(V_(max))随光强升高而显著增大,净光合作用速率为最大速率一半时的底物浓度(K_m)在低光下显著低于高、中光下。这表明低光上调了藻体的无机碳利用能力。短期温度实验表明,高光培养下,酶失活一半时的温度(T_h)显著增加,而低光下藻体的净光合作用速率的最适温度(T_(opt))显著降低,这表明低光显著提高了缘管浒苔对环境的敏感性,而高光下的藻体更适应高温的环境,这为绿潮在5—7月份大规模暴发的现象研究提供了一定的理论参考依据。 相似文献
9.
4种海洋单胞藻生化组成的环境因子效应研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在实验室模拟条件下,应用14C示踪法测定4种海洋单胞藻的光合作用速率,研究光、温度和营养盐等环境因子对藻类细胞生化组成的影响.结果表明,三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻适宜生长的光强范围为5.8×103～15×103lx.4种单胞藻光合作用速率随光强增加而增大,其中盐藻和等鞭金藻的光响应比较明显.随光强增加,4种单胞藻细胞的碳水化合物含量及其变化量呈增加趋势,而蛋白质含量及其变化量则减少,脂类含量变化很小.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻最适生长温度分别为:14、26、21、26℃左右.在上述4个实验温度时,4种单胞藻光合作用速率最高,细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量及其变化量也达到最大值.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻光合作用过程的表观活化能(E)分别为:23.2、38.5、22.4和61.7KJ/mol,温度系数(Q10)分别为:1.74、1.74.1.38和1.69.三角褐指藻和中肋骨条藻在氮磷比(N/P)为16时,盐藻和等鞭金藻在氮磷比为28时,光合作用速率最大.在N/P为16时,4种单胞藻细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量和变化量均达到最大值. 相似文献
10.
海洋沉积物中还原性无机硫和活性铁的地球化学过程与沉积物环境质量演变密切相关。本研究利用改进的冷扩散法和盐酸萃取法分别对烟台夹河口北部海域深约4 m的柱状沉积物中的酸性可挥发硫(AVS)、黄铁矿硫(CRS)、元素硫(ES)和活性铁(FeⅡ和FeⅢ)进行了测定,并从地球化学机理方面探讨了硫与铁的分布特征及其耦合机制。结果表明,烟台夹河口北部近海深层柱状沉积物中还原性无机硫以CRS为主,其次是AVS和ES,其中AVS含量垂向分布较均匀,而CRS和ES含量在垂向上呈表层和底层高,中间层低的趋势;活性铁以Fe(Ⅱ)为主,其随深度增加而增加,Fe(Ⅲ)随深度逐渐降低,大部分Fe(Ⅲ)被还原为溶解态的Fe(Ⅱ),并且与硫酸盐还原产生的H_2S相结合生成CRS和ES,导致CRS和ES在柱状沉积物底部积累;同时研究表明,较低的硫化度和矿化度,活性铁不是还原性无机硫累积的限制因子。 相似文献
11.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) were used as models to examine photochemical reactions in seawater.The photolysis of PCP in seawater differed in both rate and product distribution from that in distilled water; rates were slower in seawater due to the photonucleophilic interaction of PCP with chloride ions, demonstrated by the formation of 36Cl-labeled PCP in irradiated PCP solutions containing Na36Cl. DCA showed no rate change and gave identical products in both systems. Both PCP and DCA yielded greater amounts of photoreduction products in seawater than in distilled water, and tetrachloromuconic acid was isolated and identified as a new and unstable PCP photoproduct resulting from ringfission. This study demonstrates the operation of photooxidation, photonucleophilic substitution, and photoreduction reactions which differ in detail between seawater and distilled water and suggests that photochemical reactions can be a major factor in the breakdown of organic pollutants and other chemicals in the marine environment. 相似文献
12.
A conventional amino acid analyzer was modified to allow detection of dissolved free amino acids in a direct injection of 0.5 to 2.0 ml of seawater. The amino acids were monitored fluorimetrically by reaction with o-phthaldialdehyde after column chromatography. The accuracies of two commonly employed desalting methods, cation exchange resin and copper Chelex, were determined by comparison with the direct injection method. After correcting the results of the desalting methods for the procedural blank and recovery rate for each individual amino acid, the amino acid compositions on a mole percent basis as determined by these methods resembled approximately the true composition determined by direct injection. However, on an absolute basis the cation resin method overestimates and the copper Chelex method underestimates the total amount of dissolved free amino acids. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. Using the direct injection method, the spectra of dissolved free amino acids in surface seawater samples from different locations were determined. As opposed to the relatively uniform patterns reported in most past investigations, the amino acid spectra found were highly variable. In a number of samples, the acidic amino acids dominated the spectra. Valine was also high in many samples. In a depth profile the deep samples were dominated by arginine. Application of the method to real-time shipboard analyses of dissolved free amino acids is discussed. 相似文献
13.
14.
海洋桡足类氨基酸组成及与饵料和光照的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
桡足类氨基酸含量受其饵料浮游植物的影响。同一种桡足类因采集地不同，氨基酸的总量也不相同；19种氨基酸重量百分比随不同桡足类而异，但是不同桡足类各种氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例除胱氨酸和牛磺酸的变化比较大以外，其它都基本相同；胱氨酸和牛磺酸的变化与总氨基酸不成正比。各海区不同植食性桡足类的氨基酸组成和海区浮游植物氨基酸的组成有着很好的相关性，相关系数R^2在0．85以上。桡足类胱氨酸占总氨基酸的比例与采样站海水1％光衰减深度有很好的相关关系，其回归方程为y=0．28091nx 0．131，R^2=0．6427，n=13；随海水1％光衰减深度的增加，胱氨酸的含量以对数形式递增。桡足类氨基酸与UV的关系有待进一步研究。 相似文献
15.
实验测定了海水中氨基酸存在下Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附的等温线、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）％－－ｐＨ曲线和Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）％－氨基酸深度曲线。结果表明，较低浓度氨基酸对Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附没有影响，而较高浓度氨基酸却起抑制作用，这主要是由于海水中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－氨基酸络合反应与ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ竞争Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）所致。此外，海水中较高浓度氨基酸只使Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附的表面分级离子交换稳定常数Ｋｉ（ｉ 相似文献
16.
采用生物蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼鱼排蛋白,以水解度(DH)为指标,进行了单酶、复合酶酶解效果的比较分析,并利用响应面分析方法(RSM)对酶解参数进行优化。结果表明,采用风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶组合分段酶解,固定总酶添加量为3.0%、双酶复合比2:1、酶解时间3h、分段酶解时间比0.6:1,酶解温度56℃,分段酶解pH为7.0和6.2时,酶解效果最佳,罗非鱼鱼排蛋白水解度达到32.49%,酶解产物中游离氨基酸含量达32.84mg/g鱼排,占罗非鱼鱼排总氨基酸含量的25.43%,其中呈味氨基酸含量达18.48%,必需氨基酸含量达67.96%。 相似文献
17.
The paper reviews the methods described in the literature for the determination of total dissolved free primary amines (TDFPA) by fluorescence. A wide set of reaction conditions can be found, but they rely on few experiments for their validation. Among fluorogenic compounds, o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) is more sensitive than fluorescamine and was thus examined here. However, the use of mercaptoethanol (ME) in the reaction (as an additional derivatization compound) is able to generate unreliable results, in particular when standardization relies on glycine. We suggest replacing ME with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) which induces more stable and comparable fluorescence among amine compounds. A systematic study was therefore undertaken to define reagent concentrations and pH effects on the reaction rates for a variety of primary amines with particular focus on amino acids. The reaction rate is increased by increasing OPA concentration and pH, but slowed by excess MPA. Ammonium interference is influenced by several factors, but spectral investigation showed that the choice of conditions can drastically reduce it. The magnitudes of natural and OPA-induced background fluorescence signals have been assessed in various mediums and it is shown that their contribution to the signal amounts to a large fraction, when not most, of the measured fluorescence. A segmented flow method is proposed with a protocol for adequate correction of biases. 相似文献
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(3):811-832
Total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA), individual amino acid distributions, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured in sediments across the Goban Spur continental slope at water depths of 651, 1296 and 3650 m. Objectives were to examine (1) differences in organic matter (OM) degradation state in surface sediments across the slope from sedimentary amino acid compositions, and (2) whether these differences are related to particle size distributions. Application of a ‘reaction–diffusion’ model to the sediment concentration profiles showed that TOC and THAA degradation rate constants decreased with increasing water depth. Ratios of degradation rate constants of THAA over TOC indicated that THAA turn over faster than TOC at 651 and 1296 m water depth only. From estimates of degradation rate constants of individual amino acids, it was concluded that with increasing water depth fewer amino acids contribute to overall THAA degradation. The contribution of THAA to TOC mineralisation decreased from the upper to the lower slope. Since at all three sampling stations the amino acids with the highest relative contribution to THAA had a higher abundance in sediments with reduced THAA mineralisation rates, we conclude that the overall amino acid reactivity decreases with increasing water column depth. A principal component analyses, carried out on normalised amino acid mole percentages, established significant shifts in amino acid compositions and confirmed that (1) OM degradation state increased from 651 to 3650 m and (2) that OM in the finest fraction at the shallowest station appeared to be considerably less degraded than in the coarser fractions or any size fractions at the deeper stations. Therefore, we conclude that downslope transport, sorting and accumulation of fine particles with continuous mineralisation of OM attached to the particles during vertical and lateral transport results in an increasing organic matter degradation state from the upper slope to the abyssal plain. 相似文献