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1.
“陆海统筹”已上升为国家战略高度,对国民经济社会发展意义重大。国外的海岸带综合管理与我国“陆海统筹”具有相似性,在实施“陆海统筹”战略时,澳大利亚海岸带综合管理有许多成功经验可以借鉴。文章系统梳理了澳大利亚海岸带综合管理的特征与趋势,继而结合我国海岸带管理的实际情况,提出相应对策。包括开展基于海岸带生态系统的海岸带综合规划;健全和完善海岸带管理的法律法规体系;建立海岸带综合管理委员会和海岸带管理非政府组织;加强海岸带保护区建设,发展海岸带生态产业;强化公众的参与意识,引导利益相关者的参与等推进海岸带管理建设。希望对中国政府部门进行海岸带管理决策有所参考。 相似文献
2.
“多规合一”后，我国海洋空间规划体系正经历重塑，在陆海统筹落实方面仍有所欠缺，存在陆海空间综合管理机制缺失、规划中陆海相互作用考虑不足、陆海生态系统缺乏整体性保护等问题。本文通过梳理国际资源委员会《海岸带资源治理：对可持续蓝色经济的意义》报告中的主要观点，立足我国国土空间规划管理现状和问题，总结出其对我国落实陆海统筹的具体启示，提出陆海统筹落实国家战略、统筹陆海产业健康发展、分层施行陆海一体化保护与利用策略、实施基于生态系统的海岸带管理等建议，旨在服务和完善我国海洋空间规划管理工作。 相似文献
3.
实现国土开发优化是“十三五”乃至未来更长时期我国经济社会发展的重要目标,而陆海空间开发是其中实现高质量发展的战略要点之一。当前,随着我国海洋开发利用深度和广度的持续拓展,用海需求扩增与海域资源和空间稀缺的矛盾日益凸显,这对协调海洋资源开发与环境保护的关系以及提升海洋利用现代化水平提出新要求。基于人海和谐理念加强海洋生态文明建设、统筹陆海发展、维护海岸带生态系统健康以及实现海洋开发与保护的良性互动,成为新时期发展海洋事业的必然要求。在具体实践中须注重5点内容：科学编制海岸带规划,优化海岸带开发利用格局;加强海岸带空间用途管制,细化深化管制任务,丰富管制“工具箱”;提高海域资源节约集约利用水平,实现海域资源科学、高效利用;提升海洋生态系统碳汇能力,推动海岸带蓝碳发展;加强海洋要素市场化配置,推动海洋经济向质量效益型转变。 相似文献
4.
为满足新时代自然资源综合研究和管理的迫切需求,深入落实陆海统筹的战略部署,文章分析陆海统筹生态管理及其核心机制,即海岸带韧性。研究结果表明:陆海统筹生态管理的有效开展将对协调我国海岸带社会经济高质量发展和生态系统适应性管理,解决海岸带土地利用和海域使用的空间统筹、淡水和咸水的环境质量统筹以及洄游动物的生境修复统筹等基本问题发挥至关重要的作用;韧性聚焦复杂非线性系统的状态转换和突变过程,可研究耦合系统的多要素测度,有助于识别和分析海岸带面临的复杂压力和潜在风险,其本质是陆海统筹生态管理的核心机制;通过海岸带土地-水-生物多样性的联结,构建海岸带韧性研究新框架,以实现海岸带韧性的多维时空测度以及社会-生态耦合系统的转型模式应用,可服务于海岸带系统评价、空间规划和综合管理,支撑科学决策。 相似文献
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6.
海岸带综合管理作为沿海区域实现可持续发展目标的重要途径,对沿海地区科学有效地利用海岸带资源具有重要意义。本文从国家、省、市三个层面分析了我国当前海岸带综合管理制度现状和实践状况,提出了在海岸带综合管理立法缺失、权属不清、海陆统筹不能兼顾、海岸带规划与评价不足、管理技术亟待升级、海岸带基础数据尚不完备等制度方面存在的问题;基于国内外对海岸带综合管理的经验和实践,从加快海岸带立法、完善海岸带规划、协调综合管理、兼顾陆海统筹、提升管理技术、加强管理效果评价以及夯实基础信息等方面提出海岸带综合管理制度进一步完善的措施和建议,为进一步提升我国海岸带综合管理工作提供参考。 相似文献
7.
海岸带是资源丰富的陆海过渡地带,也是海陆之间相互作用的地带,对海岸带地区科学合理的规划,是实现海陆统筹、一体化协调发展的关键环节。当前国内海岸带地区规划和管理分属于国土、城市规划、海洋等多个部门,各部门分别对海陆进行系统性的规划和管理,尚缺少有效的衔接。从分析海岸带范围的界定出发,确定海岸带地区涉及的海、陆范围及其管理主体,对滨海城市规划和海洋规划中有关海岸带区域的规划思路、原则及规划方法等进行梳理分析,总结目前海岸带管理及规划编制存在的问题,提出对海岸带专项规划编制有针对性的对策和建议。 相似文献
8.
海洋是国民经济发展和社会进步的重要空间载体,海洋国土空间开发与保护对于实现可持续的经济增长、改善全球气候环境和提升人民生活福祉具有重大战略意义。山东省海域使用类型基本齐全,但开发利用结构规模不均衡,渔业用海比重较大,不合理的开发利用给海岸带和近海生态环境带来巨大威胁,严重制约了海洋经济的健康发展。文章根据山东省海域使用调查数据,综合分析了山东省海洋空间使用现状的特点以及存在的自然岸线保有压力增大、海洋空间开发利用科学性不足、近岸海域生态系统及服务功能受损较重、海洋污染造成的环境风险不容忽视、现代海洋产业体系不够完善、陆海统筹机制不健全等主要问题,在此基础上,从海洋空间资源、陆海统筹污染防治体系、现代海洋产业体系等角度提出了优化山东省海洋国土空间开发保护的相关对策建议。 相似文献
9.
主体功能区规划是我国正在施行的一项战略性空间规划制度，陆海统筹是其重要的规划原则，然而在陆域和海洋规划由不同部门主导、分别编制的工作思路下，陆海统筹难以得到切实保障。文章剖析了沿海地区陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调的现实困境，以山东省主体功能区规划为例，从陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调、规划保障措施不对接两方面分析了规划单元陆海分区无法衔接的原因，并提出了统筹沿海地区主体功能区划分、发挥海岸带规划的陆海统筹作用和推进陆海统筹的规划保障措施实施等对策建议，以期为我国国土空间规划工作中主体功能分区提供借鉴，促进沿海地区的人口、经济、资源环境与国土空间开发利用保护的充分协调。 相似文献
10.
新时期国家着力构建陆海统筹、区域统筹、城乡统筹的国土空间规划体系,为更好的服务国土空间规划体系与海岸带专项规划的建立实施,满足新形势下海域海岛管理的新要求,深化落实主体功能区制度,本文对已经建立的海洋空间规划管控平台进行了总结。海洋空间规划管控平台主要目标是实现海洋空间"一张图"、海洋主体功能区监测评估、海洋空间综合决策,主要功能包括多规分析与一张图、海洋主体功能区监测评估、海洋空间分区辅助编制与审查、海洋空间符合性判断等。 相似文献
11.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is high on the international agenda for nature conservation. Marine and coastal ecosystems account for an important share of the biological diversity on Earth. As a consequence many international conventions, European legislation and national laws refer to marine biodiversity. The protection of marine biodiversity is a complex legal issue as it requires consideration of geographic (between land and sea), political (between conservation and exploitation), and economic (between fisheries, tourism, intellectual property and many other sectors) factors. Like Matryoshka dolls, marine biodiversity is a heterogeneous notion difficult to address as one discrete area in the development of policy agendas or juridical frameworks. In the past decade, the EU has been very active in Promoting Integrated Coastal Zone Management and in developing a framework for an Integrated Maritime Policy. This article reviews the status of marine biodiversity in the policy and legal initiatives of the European Union, a challenging issue to both the objectives of conservation and to the concept of integration. 相似文献
12.
Mark F. Forst 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(6):294-306
The primary role of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management model was to arbitrate conflicts between stakeholders in a living and natural resource environment characterized by a common property and open access doctrine. A chronology of events describes how the development and acceptance of an ecosystems approach policy began to converge and coincide with the spread and development of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Those organizations that gave representation to the conservation ethic became internationally recognized as surrogate natural resource ‘users’, the interests of which possessed commonality with all stakeholder interests in general. The tenants of conservation policy were therefore largely employed to decide the merits of disputes over ocean and coastal resources.In the 1990s, scientists created a forum to debate, better define, and institutionalize a sound basis for ecosystem management theory and practice. Protocols were developed that embedded science in living and natural resources planning and management. These protocols were shaped and adopted to serve an evermore contemporary Integrated Coastal Zone Management model. Improvements in methodology include the use of adaptive management, ecological modeling and monitoring, appropriate temporal and spatial scales, salient indicators, and stakeholder participation. This contemporary approach is dependent upon recognizing the benefits inherent in utilizing instruments capable of managing resources on a holistic level.Bioregional planning and zoning accommodate the successful management of resources on this level. It is a direct outcome of the convergence of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the ecosystems approach. Bioregional zoning schemes are capable of traversing the private property and common property doctrines that define the respective terrestrial and aquatic environments of the coastal zone.A comparative case study of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Belize Marine Protected Area Program is included as an annex, the analysis of which is predicated upon the principles espoused in the literature. 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2014
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) development is described here in the broader context of European coastal management initiatives. The European approach to coastal governance revolves around the principles of ICZM, as enshrined in EC Recommendation 2002/413/EC. This study investigates the extent to which the FP6 funded project SPICOSA (Science Policy Integration for Coastal Systems Assessment) was able to implement these principles. The SPICOSA project aimed to test whether it was possible to develop and implement a systems approach framework via delivery of a structured engagement process between scientists and policymakers. A survey of representatives from 14 European study sites involved in the project revealed that the approach had been effective at implementing some ICZM principles, particularly the “holistic approach”. However, not all principles were fully implemented at all sites and the most challenging to implement was that of “a long term approach”. The paper concludes with a critical consideration of the role of a systems approach framework in progressing the current state of intellectual assent towards practical implementation of ICZM principles. The findings provide evidence of contributions and limitations of systems approaches to sustainability science and good governance. 相似文献
14.
《Marine Policy》2014
The state of Rhode Island's Ocean Special Area Management Plan (Ocean SAMP) is the first marine spatial plan in the United States to be formally approved by the federal government as an element of a state's Coastal Management Program. The 3800 km2 Ocean SAMP region includes waters under both state and federal jurisdiction. The Ocean SAMP applies the inclusive, ecosystem-based approach to marine spatial planning recommended by the National Ocean Commission in 2004 that is a feature of the National Ocean Policy promulgated in 2010. It places within a larger spatial planning context the impact assessment process that is the basis for the issuance of leases and permits requested by a developer for a specified activity at a defined marine site. The Ocean SAMP was prepared over a two and a half year period of information generation, analysis, consultation, planning and policy making prompted by the need to identify potentially suitable sites for anticipated offshore wind farms. Its highly consultative approach builds upon the 30 years of experience of the Rhode Island Coastal Program in developing and implementing special area management plans (SAMPs) for coastal and marine areas where conflicts over needs for both development and conservation demand special attention and negotiation among stakeholders with different interests. The phases in the development and approval of the Ocean SAMP, and the prospects for successful implementation are examined through frameworks suggested for the preparation of a governance baseline put forward by the international Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) program. 相似文献
15.
The experience and teaching approach of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU, former Institute) in Integrated Coastal Zone Management are discussed. In order to practice effective coastal zone management training and to improve the understanding of different interests of coastal users, the students and post-graduates of the Faculty of Oceanography of RSHU have been involved in research projects concerning the assessment of the changing environmental state in the White Sea-Barents Sea Region. The field work was conducted at UNESCO-IOC-HELCOM cosponsored Baltic Floating University (BFU) facilities. The results and training capacity of the RSHU approach to coastal management education and resource use are discussed. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》2014
This paper reviews the principal marine and coastal policy changes in England since 1999. The key changes identified are the establishment of a strategic national marine and coastal policy direction, new marine legislation and institutions, the emergence of a marine planning framework, the consolidation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management approaches to coastal governance, the establishment of a Marine Protected Area network, and the decline of coastal partnerships. The European Union, UK National Government, and devolved administrations are identified as key influences on the governance evolution and their relative contributions are discussed. It is concluded that the English marine and coastal governance context has evolved significantly since 1999 and that the new framework, if implemented successfully, represents a genuine step towards an integrated governance framework for England's coasts and seas. 相似文献
17.
The Mexican coast can be regionalized according to the main economic activities performed in it; for the purpose of this work we are considering five regions: North Pacific, Mar de Cortes, outh Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. According to the national census, the population of the coastal zone in Mexico is increasing at a higher rate than the national average. The main industries located in the coastal and marine zones are oil and gas, fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, maritime transportation and ports, chemical industries, and minerals. Mexico has developed an environmental legal framework based on the Ley General del Equilibrio Ecologico y la Proteccion al Ambiente (LGEEPA), and the coastal management paradigm is strengthened through several other legal tools developed specifically for this purpose. There are three management strategies identified in this work for the coastal zone in Mexico: (1) Agency Leadership, (2) Protected Areas, and (3) Land Ordinance. Each one of these strategies includes stages for eventually developing an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan that considers vertical and horizontal integration, scientific research of natural resources and ecosystems, and socioeconomic issues. 相似文献
18.
Leandra Cho 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2005,48(11-12):932
Management of the Belize Barrier Reef was originally envisioned through the creation of marine protected areas. However, the influence of land-based activities was not accounted for in Marine Protected Area (MPA) programs. Therefore focus was shifted to an integrated approach via Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). The Belize ICM process has evolved into a system of coordination through the fostering of multi-sectoral linkages for integrated management of coastal resources. Marine protected areas were included in the ICM program as tools for achieving biodiversity protection and management of sensitive habitats. The ICM process has resulted in greater coordination and consultation in decision making for coastal resource issues, the MPA program however has not evolved with the trend of greater community involvement in MPA management. The greatest challenges to MPA and ICM programs in the next 10 years are: improved linkages between the two, fostering of community participation in management, broadening of the scope of ICM to watersheds and ocean governance, and sustainable financing for both programs. 相似文献
19.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(2-4):345-368
The ecological and socioeconomic importance of the Mexican coastal zone of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean is analyzed and its main problems of pollution and environmental impact are described. Also, the legal, institutional, and technical framework that is applied to the coastal management of the region is analyzed. Finally, the definition and implementation of a Program of Integrated Management for the Coastal Zone of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, a Law for the Coastal Zone of the country, and adjustments to the main instruments of national environmental policy applied to the coastal zone of the region are proposed. 相似文献
20.
M. Sanò J.A. Jiménez R. MedinaA. Stanica A. Sanchez-Arcilla I. Trumbic 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(12):943-950
Coastal erosion and storms represent a source of risk for settlements and infrastructure along the coast. At the same time, coastal natural assets, including landscape, are threatened by increasing development mainly driven by tourism. The Mediterranean coast is especially vulnerable to these processes, considering its high biological and cultural diversity. An additional challenge is represented by climate change, as it will force coastal communities to apply more or less drastic adaptation strategies. Coastal setbacks, used to protect coastal communities and infrastructure from storms and erosion, and to preserve coastal habitats and landscapes from degradation, is one of the main instruments suggested by the Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management of the Barcelona Convention, entered into force on the 24 of March 2011. Its implementation has the potential to influence coastal policies in other regions, such as the neighbouring Black Sea.The CONSCIENCE project has formalized concepts and conducted specific studies to provide new tools for coastal erosion management practice. The objective of this paper is to present a synthesis of the research conducted into coastal setbacks for coastal erosion management and climate change adaptation. This is done by analysing the requirement of the Protocol, current processes and management practices in two case study areas (Costa Brava Bays in Spain and Danube Delta, in Romania) and the new challenges posed by climate change. 相似文献