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采用氯乙酸为羧甲基化试剂、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为季铵阳离子化试剂,制备了羧甲基取代度为64.4%,季铵化取代度为98.4%的羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐。采用zeta电位和烧杯混凝实验研究了羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐对高岭土模拟水样的混凝特性,考察了pH值、混凝剂投加量和原水浊度对混凝效果的影响。结果表明,羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐可以明显改善高岭土悬浊液的混凝效果;达到最佳混凝效果时所需羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐的投加量随高岭土悬浊液pH值和原水浊度的增加而增加。浊度去除率随pH值的增加而减小,随原水浊度的增加而增加;原水浊度为50NTU时,浊度去除率均小于80%;羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐具有两性混凝剂的典型特性,吸附架桥和电性中和是羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐的主要混凝作用机理,混凝过程是多种机制共同作用的过程。 相似文献
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海洋生物体内蕴含着丰富的天然活性物质,许多都具有抑菌活性,据此研制新型海洋生物源抑菌药物,是海洋生物产业中的一个新领域,也是新型抑菌药物研发的重要途径。壳聚糖是来自海洋中虾蟹等甲壳类动物外壳的甲壳素的脱乙酰产物,壳寡糖是壳聚糖的降解产物,具有比壳聚糖更好的水溶性和生物活性,在食品和生物医药等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。为了提高壳寡糖的抑菌活性,本研究以壳寡糖和烟酸为原料、N, N-羰基二咪唑为催化剂合成了壳寡糖烟酸接枝衍生物,并与不同链长的溴代烷烃亲核反应得到其阳离子化衍生物。壳寡糖及其衍生物的化学结构通过红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振波谱(NMR)进行分析表征,壳寡糖及其衍生物对2种海洋致病细菌和3种植物致病真菌的体外抑菌能力分别采用肉汤稀释法和菌丝生长速率法进行研究和评估。结果表明,与壳寡糖相比,合成的终产物对致病菌的抑制能力得到了极大增强,其中含有己基的烟酰化壳寡糖季铵盐表现出最强的抑制海洋致病细菌活性(MIC=0.125mg/mL、MBC=0.25mg/mL),并且该化合物表现出较强的抗真菌活性,在1.0 mg/mL时,对灰葡萄孢菌和围小丛壳的抑制率分别为65.7%和51.5%。... 相似文献
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为了寻找安全有效的海洋生物保水剂，本研究以海洋生物多糖/寡糖为研究对象，经多糖筛选和单因素实验确定壳聚糖1号、壳聚糖2号和海藻酸钠的最佳添加量，采用响应面优化实验确定最优复配值为：壳聚糖1号0.29%，壳聚糖2号1.11%，海藻酸钠0.93%，在此条件下测得的鱼丸解冻失水率为1.46%±0.24%，结果表明该多糖复配组合对鱼丸制品具有较好的保水作用。通过扫描电镜观察多糖组鱼丸的微观结构，发现其结构致密，无较大孔隙。通过本实验的开展，能够为水产品的保水保鲜剂的开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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建立了聚合度2～10的壳寡糖的薄层层析分析(TLC)方法,在异丙醇∶水∶氨水=60∶30∶4的展开体系中,各壳寡糖可以得到很好的分离,各单体间比移值(Rf)差异明显,无拖尾现象。通过对比TLC法与高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析壳寡糖单体的效果,得出TLC法具有快速、有效、方便的优点,可以作为定性分析壳寡糖单体纯度的方法。采用本实验室制备的壳聚糖酶对3种不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖和DP2～6的壳寡糖进行水解,采用TLC法对水解产物进行分析。实验结果表明,随着壳聚糖脱乙酰度的降低,其酶水解产物的糖链延长。该壳聚糖酶不能水解DP2～4的壳寡糖,对DP5～6的壳寡糖水解速率缓慢。通过对该壳聚糖酶作用特点分析,表明该酶可作用于GlcN-GlcN糖苷键,而不能水解Glc-NAc-GlcNAc糖苷键。 相似文献
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体外培养兔角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,采用显微观察和MTT相结合的方法分析低分子量氨基糖(包括壳寡糖(chitosan)、羧甲基壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide)、羧甲基甲壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitin oligosaccharide)、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetyl-glucosamine))对细胞生长的影响。结果在0~1000μg/mL浓度范围内4种氨基糖对角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞均没有细胞毒性,且均能促进角膜上皮细胞的生长,以壳寡糖和羧甲基甲壳寡糖效果最佳,二者与对照组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。壳寡糖、羧甲基甲壳寡糖和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖能明显促进角膜基质细胞的生长,与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中壳寡糖的促进作用最明显。提示低分子量氨基糖可适用于角膜细胞促生长的培养,为壳聚糖衍生物材料用于眼科研究提供一定的实验依据。 相似文献
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羧甲基壳聚糖与表面活性剂的相互作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
作者从配伍稳定性、表面张力、粘度等方面研究羧甲基壳聚糖 (CMCHS)与四种典型类型表面活性剂的相互作用情况。研究显示 ,羧甲基壳聚糖与阴离子表面活性剂 SDS、非离子表面活性剂 Triton X- 10 0、两性表面活性剂 C12 BE配伍稳定性较好 ,而与阳离子表面活性剂 CTAB及C16Py Br复配时则在一定的浓度区会产生沉淀。羧甲基壳聚糖可使 SDS表面活性升高 ,而 SDS则使羧甲基壳聚糖比浓粘度下降 ;CTAB可与羧甲基壳聚糖形成复合物 ,从而使表面张力曲线产生两个转折点 ,即使在沉淀区仍有较好的表面活性 ,而溶液的比浓粘度则大幅度下降 ;Triton X- 10 0和 C12 BE与羧甲基壳聚糖的相互作用不很明显 相似文献
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本文以壳聚糖为原料,采用苯甲醛选择性的保护壳聚糖C2位氨基的方法,制备了O-羧甲基壳聚糖(O-CMC)。采用红外光谱及核磁共振波谱法对产物结构进行了表征,确定了羧甲基化反应只发生在壳聚糖的O位。该方法制备得到的O-CMC的羧甲基度为42.2%,反应选择性好,步骤简单,产率高达85%。 相似文献
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Atmospheric moisture transport plays an important role in latent heat release and hydrologic interactions in the Arctic. In recent years, with the rapid decline in sea ice, this transport has changed. Here, we calculated the vertically integrated atmospheric moisture meridional transport(AMTv) from two global reanalysis datasets, from1979–2015, and found moisture pathways into the central Arctic. Four stable pathways showed an occurrence frequency greater than 70%, and these pathways exhibited a perennial seasonal pattern in the atmosphere above the Laptev Sea Pathway(LSP), Canadian Arctic Archipelago Pathway(CAAP), both sides of the Greenland plateau. Another seasonal pathway appeared above the east of the Chukchi Sea(CSP) during the melting/freezing months(March to September). Through these pathways, AMTv contributed a total moisture exchange of60%–80%—averaged over a 75°N circle—and focused on the low troposphere. Transports across the LSP, CSP and CAAP pathways likely create an enclosed moisture route. Meridional moisture fluxes are intensified in the Pacific sector of Arctic(PSA), especially during melting/freezing months. AMTv interannual variabilities are illustrated mainly in the Laptev Sea and the east Greenland pathway. Results indicate that accompanying a tendency for a stronger Beaufort Sea High in this sea level pressure field, AMTv through PSA pathways, switched from output to input, and approximately 960 km~3 of equivalent liquid water was transferred into the central Arctic during each decade. The detrended AMTv increment is highly correlated with the rapid decline of old ice areas(correlation coefficient is –0.78) for their synchronous fluctuations in the 1980 s and the last decade. 相似文献
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黏土中鱼雷锚抗拔承载力数值分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于Abaqus软件,针对预埋在一定深度鱼雷锚的抗拔承载力进行3D数值分析,探讨了锚型、土体类型、拉拔荷载倾角、拉拔荷载水平分量与锚翼夹角等多种因素对拉拔承载力的影响。计算结果表明:在均质土、正常固结土和两层土体中,带4个锚翼鱼雷锚增加56.22 m2的锚翼侧面积,其拉拔承载力比无锚翼的提高1.9倍以上;当锚翼侧面积相同时,增加锚翼的宽度可以有效提高锚的承载力;拉拔荷载倾角α在30°～45°范围内,可获得较大拉拔承载力;锚翼宽度越大,拉拔荷载水平分量与锚翼间的夹角β对鱼雷锚水平承载力影响越明显;经归一化的V-H包络线公式对工程应用中预测鱼雷锚的承载力有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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An analytical solution has been developed to estimate the horizontal, vertical, and inclined loading pullout capacities of embedded suction anchors in sand. Validation of the analytical solution on pullout capacities has been made through comparisons with the centrifuge model test results. Primary variables for the centrifuge model tests are the depth to the loading point, the load inclination angle, and the addition of flanges. The results indicate that both the horizontal and vertical pullout capacities of the embedded suction anchor in sand increase, reach the peak and then start to decrease as the loading point moves downward. The inclined loading pullout capacity is very much dependent on the load inclination angle and the loading point. The effect of flanges on the pullout capacities is also found to be significant. 相似文献
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The method has been established to calculate the environmental capacity (ECo),surplus environment capacity (SECo) of water with respect to marine petroleum hydrocarbons associated with oil (PHAOs) and the self-purification capacity (SPCo) of main self-purification process to PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay, China, according to the dynamic model for distribution of marine PHAOs among multiphase environments. The variation of concentration of PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay is well simulated by the dynamic model. Based on the model.the ECo, SECo of water with respect to PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay were calculated during the last 10 years under the first-class and second-class quality standard requirement, according to SPCoof main self-purification process to PHAOs. The results show that about 200 tons of PHAOs could be discharged into the Jiaozhou Bay for maintaining the first class seawater quality standard, and about 600 tons of PHAOs for the second class seawater quality standard later. 相似文献
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通过NCEP再分析资料和Micaps实况资料对"尤特"发生发展以及登陆过程的水汽条件、螺旋度变化进行分析,发现:"尤特"在发生发展前期,西南急流和副高南侧偏东气流对"尤特"水汽输送作用相当,中后期"尤特"则主要以西南急流形成的南支水汽通道输送为主,水汽的源地主要来自南海.对于广西强降雨区,在"尤特"进入广西前,该区为一个水汽源,南边界水汽输出显著,而到了15~19日主要降雨发生时段,受南支水汽输送带的影响,广西强降雨区转为水汽汇,水汽输入以南边界为主.环境场水汽通量和水汽通量散度的变化对"尤特"强度的变化和移向有一定的指示作用,"尤特"在加强或减弱前,其中心水汽通量往往先加强或减弱,且在台风维持一定的强度时,"尤特"有趋向周边水汽大值中心移动的趋势."尤特"水汽辐合主要位于低层,其强降雨区与850~950h Pa水汽通量散度场、850h Pa螺旋度相对大值区内有一定的对应关系,未来6h强降雨区多出现在低层强度强、垂直伸展高度高的水汽辐合区和螺旋度相对大值区内. 相似文献
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In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product. 相似文献
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基于验证的三维有限元方法,考察了斜壁桶形基础的承载特性,得到了变形网格、位移增量分布、位移等值面分布等结果,探讨了斜壁倾角与各极限承载力之间的定量关系。计算表明,桶形基础发生竖向位移时,主要是桶体内部和桶基正下方的土体发生沉降,而桶侧的土体基本不发生沉降。桶形基础受到水平荷载发生转动时,转动中心轴大致位于桶基底面内,桶基水平承载力主要由桶内土体和桶基外侧中上部受压侧土体产生的抵抗反力构成。桶基因受到较大竖直向上荷载而失效时,桶内土体和桶基外侧靠近海床面附近土体产生了较大的向上位移。桶壁倾角β每增加1°,竖向抗压极限承载力、竖向抗拔极限承载力、水平极限承载力分别提高12%、17.4%及3.8%。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和6 h一次的NCEP 1°×1°再分析场资料对新疆2015年2月12—14日北疆暴雪过程和2015年5月17—21日南疆暴雨过程的环流形势和主要影响系统进行分析,并基于HYSPLIT模式模拟的后向轨迹分析强降水的水汽来源和输送特征。结果表明:1) 2次强降水过程均发生在高空低槽东移,低层有低涡,地面有锋面气旋,高空有辐散的天气背景下。2)冬季暴雪过程中,北疆水汽主要源自西亚和中亚地区。其中源自西亚地区的干气块下沉到近地面时从下垫面获得水汽,对强降雪的贡献最大;其次是起源于中亚西南部地区近地层的湿气块对强降雪的贡献。3)春季暴雨过程中,南疆的水汽主要来自中亚的哈萨克斯坦。其中来自哈萨克斯坦南部上空的干空气下沉到近地层时从下垫面获得水汽,对强降雨的贡献最大;其次是源自哈萨克斯坦东部和东南部对流层低层的湿气块对强降雨的贡献大。4) 2次强降水过程中水汽主要来自陆地而不是海洋,气块在近地层移动或下沉到近地层时,下垫面水汽蒸发使气块变湿,是强降水的水汽主要贡献者;表明春季和冬季的水汽输送通道与夏季来自阿拉伯海等低纬的水汽通道不同。 相似文献