海洋细菌对钢的腐蚀作用     

徐怀恕  纪伟尚  胡锡钢  宋庆云 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(1)

从青岛港钢板桩的锈层中分离到三种腐蚀性细菌。经鉴定这三种细菌是氧化硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans),排硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thioparus)和脱硫脱硫弧菌(Desulfovib-iodesulforicans)。用失重法测定了这三种细菌对四种钢样的腐蚀速率。氧化硫杆菌的腐蚀速率为53.5m.d.d.(毫克/平方分米/天)(BJ_2),83.3(902),121.8(CXL-4)和81.0(7~#)。排硫杆菌的腐蚀速率为23.6mdd(BJ_2)。脱硫脱硫弧菌的腐蚀速率为9.9m.d.d.(BJ_2),9.2(902),3.7(CXL-4)和2.9(7~#)。这三种细菌对钢都具有很强的腐蚀能力。  相似文献   

长江口及邻近海域表层海水细菌多样性及群落结构   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘晓辉  王健鑫  王帅兵  樊英萍  俞凯成  蒋然  刘明华 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1531-1541

从长江口及邻近海域10 个站点采集表层海水, 通过DAPI 染色计数和克隆文库构建的方法, 对细菌的多样性及群落结构进行初步研究。DAPI 染色计数结果显示长江口及邻近海域表层海水中 细菌丰度总体较高, 生物量变化较大, 从1.16×10⁵(A04 站点)到 1.48×10⁶ cells/mL (B03 站点); 总体 趋势从长江口向外海增加。细菌克隆文库的系统发育分析表明: 细菌序列以变形菌门为主(占总文库 的60.61%), 其中α-变形菌纲是绝对优势类群(50.62%); 其次是拟杆菌门(15.18%)、放线菌门(14.79%) 和蓝细菌门(4.61%), 还有少量厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门 等; 另外柔膜菌门和SAR 类群也有发现。文库多样性分析结果显示长江口及邻近海域部分站点表层 海水中细菌多样性显著, 与研究区海域水产养殖活动有关, 并受到区域洋流和海洋化学环境(如低氧 带)的影响。  相似文献   

莱州湾海域海水和沉积物中的细菌多样性分析     

姜会超  刘爱英  任利华  宋秀凯  姜向阳  刘丽娟 《海洋湖沼通报》2014,(3)

采用16S rDNA文库结合PCR-RFLP分析的手段,对莱州湾水样及沉积物中的细菌多样性和群落特征进行研究。结果表明,莱州湾沉积物细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)两大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、γ3个变形菌纲,所占比例分别为38.7%、3.2%、41.9%。水样中细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria),酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial),浮霉菌门(Plancomycene),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),壁厚菌门(Firmicutes),黏胶球形菌门(Lentisphaeria),绿菌门(Chlorobi)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)九大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、δ3个变形菌纲,所占比例高迭60.3%,占有绝对优势。  相似文献   

东太平洋海隆深海热液区沉积物微生物多样性的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘欣  SHAO Zong-ze 《台湾海峡》2008,27(3)

提取东太平洋海隆区深海热液系统沉积物样品的总DNA,构建沉积物中的细菌16S rDNA 克隆文库,通过PCR-RFLP分析与序列测定,对沉积物中的微生物类群及其与环境的关系进行了分析.结果表明,该海区沉积物中的36个克隆代表的22种基因型分别属于7个主要类群,其中变形菌(Proteobacteria)的γ-亚群为优势菌群,α-和β-亚群也均有分布;而硫氧化相关共生菌的属(sulfur-oxidizing symbionts)为优势种属.系统发育分析表明,在该沉积物中细菌主要是跟共生有关、跟C、S代谢相关,大多还能在无氧和高温环境的条件下生存,说明采样点具有典型的深海热液生态系统的特点,甲烷代谢和硫代谢在该区域的深海物质能量循环中占据着重要地位.另外大量新的极端微生物的存在,预示着该区域的微生物资源有着非常大的开发潜力.  相似文献   

黄海冷水团可培养细菌的多样性研究     

王红  刘吉文  张晓华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(6):61-67

本文研究了2008年7月黄海冷水团海域可培养细菌的多样性。AODC和DVC计数总菌数和活菌数分别为(1.3~4.8)×105/mL和(0.6~1.6)×105/mL;2216E平板以菌落计数法可培养细菌浓度为(0.56~2.2)×103cfu/mL。从分离到的475株中选取163株进行16S rDNA扩增,并用HhaⅠ酶进行ARDRA(扩增性rDNA限制酶切片段分析)多态性分析,取114株不同带型测序。结果显示,冷水团细菌归为4个细菌类群:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Acti-nobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),共24个属,其中包括α-,β-,γ-变形菌纲;非冷水团细菌也归为这4个门类,共15个属,但未分离到β-变形菌纲。γ-变形菌纲在冷水团和非冷水团区域的不同深度都是优势菌群,不同的是冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例较高(26.8%),而非冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例相对较低(15.6%)。这表明黄海冷水团和非冷水团区域细菌多样性都很丰富,但其群落组成和优势菌群有所不同。此外,16S rDNA测序结果表明,6株细菌可能为海洋细菌新种。  相似文献   

北极黄河站邻近海域浮游细菌多样性初步研究     

刘嘉佩  陈蔷薇  徐倩  刘雪珠  樊英萍  戴秋萍  王健鑫 《海洋科学》2018,42(4):53-63

通过荧光染色、稀释培养、生理生化和16SrRNA基因鉴定等方法,研究了北极黄河站附近海域海水中浮游细菌的丰度、可培养浮游细菌形态学特征及多样性;采用高通量测序技术研究了黄河站附近采样站点(BJ2)的不可培养浮游细菌群落结构。可培养研究结果表明:(1)9个站点(BJ1-BJ9)水样平均含菌数为2.88×108个/L;(2)21株可培养浮游细菌中,仅AB08、AB09和AB17三株细菌为革兰氏阳性菌;(3)细菌主要包括放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势菌(占71%)。高通量测序结果显示:在得到的1 467个不可培养浮游细菌OTU中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌群,所占比例分别为49.71%和41.61%,还有少量的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia);其中变形菌门中以α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)为主要类群。  相似文献   

海洋链霉菌M506 的鉴定及代谢产物抑菌活性初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱本伟  李富超  秦松 《海洋科学》2012,36(12):45-49

自胶州湾沉积物中分离出海洋链霉菌M506,根据其形态特征观察、生理生化特征试验及基于16S rDNA序列系统进化分析,初步鉴定该菌为灰略红链霉菌.采用不同培养条件对其进行小规模发酵,利用金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli),枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)四株细菌作为指示菌,检测其抑菌活性.结果表明,该菌株代谢产物粗提物对于金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌等具有显著抑制活性.  相似文献   

西太平洋多金属结核区表层沉积物细菌群落结构及其对沉积扰动的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王苑如  崔鸿鹏  李继东  孙栋  王春生  杨娟 《海洋学研究》2021,39(2):21-32

本文基于大洋第48航次在西太平洋马尔库斯 威克海山多金属结核区采集的6个表层沉积物样品的高通量测序结果,开展底栖细菌群落结构调查,共获得253012条序列,分属于41个门、85个纲、189个目、261个科和322个属。其中,变形菌纲(Proteobacteria)为优势类群,分为γ 、α 和δ 三个亚群,分别占总序列条数的24.76%、20.21%和6.48%。绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)及硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)等类群的序列数和属种较丰富。对序列条数大于1%的OTU(operational taxonomic units)分析,共获得优势菌群23个目,包含6个优势科,10个优势属,其中,铁锰功能细菌占10.20%,主要来自交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)(6.90%)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)(1.80%)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)(1.00%)等,另外还存在参与氮和硫元素循环的种属。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示结核区细菌主要涉及信号转导、蛋白转运、原核生物固碳、群体感应、能量转换、氨基酸和嘧啶代谢等功能。BC1826站位与其他站位相比,细菌多样性较低。结合沉积柱粒度分析结果,推测BC1826站位微生物群落结构的差异与沉积扰动有关,两者具有一定的响应关系。与已有研究成果汇总对比发现,西太平洋结核区与东太平洋结核区的细菌群落组成结构有较大差异。  相似文献   

基于高通量测序的象山港水域细菌多样性的研究     

刘岩  李志恩  袁一鸣  张真  钱鹏宇  叶欢  刘松怡  王泽  韩姣姣  周君  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(3):645-653

象山港位于浙江省宁波市东南部沿海,属于半封闭式海湾,是以海水养殖区和海洋牧场示范区为主的重要多功能水域,近年来生态环境问题日益突出。为研究象山港海域在早春低水温环境中细菌的多样性,通过高通量测序方法对3月份的象山港水域进行检测。沿象山港南部海湾随机选取6个取样点(G04,G06,G08,G09,G011,G012),共检出836属和2 166种细菌,隶属33个门、91纲、186目和352科。其中优势细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)。变形菌门在G04中占比最高(91.45%),拟杆菌门在G09中占比最高(18.05%);而放线菌门在G12中占比最高(7.95%)。在经度较高且离海岸较远的水域,细菌丰富度也越高;同时随着取样位点纬度的增加,γ-变形菌丰度逐步增高,其中在G04中最高(72.76%),在G12中最低(29.11%)。各取样点的细菌分离培养结果也表明弧菌属丰度较高,且主要集中在G04中。利用高通量测序方法揭示了象山港早春全水域的细菌结构组成框架图,可为象山港的水产养殖和可持续发展提供参考依据。  相似文献   

盐田藻垫细菌的分离及其胞外多糖的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

孟飞飞  李朋富  陈丽  马美荣  刘志礼 《海洋科学》2009,33(1):63-67

从连云港台南盐场采集藻垫,在去除底泥等杂物的藻类层中分离出5株不同的细菌(编号为A,B,c,D和E).经VITEK-32鉴定,A和B可能是鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)或琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),C为溶血巴斯德菌(Pasteurella haemolytica),D为尿素放线杆菌(Actinobacillus ureae),E未鉴定出结果.在所试验的盐度范围内,细菌A、B和C的最适生长盐度都为25,细菌D的最适生长盐度为50～100,细菌E的最适生长盐度为25～50.细菌A,B,C,D和E细菌胞外多糖产率分别为0.628,0.362,0.177,0.269,0.719 g/g细胞干质量.细菌A,B,C,D和E胞外多糖的糖醛酸质量分数分别为5.4%,9.9%,7.4%,9.8%和23.4%,均不含蛋白质,均无乳化.絮凝及凝胶活性.实验结果显示细菌胞外多糖是构成盐田藻垫胶质的重要组成部分,但从其物化性质看,细菌胞外多糖对藻垫的胶结和黏附性没有直接的影响.  相似文献   

Bacterial diversity in the sediments collected from the Shikoku Basin     

MU Chunhu  BAO Zhenmin  CHEN Gang  HU Jingjie  HAO Lujiang  QI Zizhong  LI Guangxue 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):114-121

Diversity of bacteria was studied in deep-sea sediments from the Shikoku Basin in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by PCR, RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and comparing with Genbank database. Based on the RFLP profile generated, 77 clones from the 16S rDNA library were divided into 27 types. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 27 independent clones fell into four groups: Proteobacteria (62.96%), Chloroflexi (14.81%), Planctomycetes (14.81%) and Acidobacteria (7.41%). Among all sequenced clones, 6 were related to the sulfur or sulfate metabolism bacteria and the results also demonstrated that some bacteria in deep-sea sediments had relation to matter-energy circulation.  相似文献   

Microbial community structure and diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre     

WEI Manman  ZHANG Rubing  WANG Yuguang  JI Houguo  ZHENG Ji  CHEN Xinhu  ZHOU Hongbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):42-51

The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.  相似文献   

东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王健鑫  许贤恩  周链链  陶诗  刘雪珠  石戈 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4):805-813

提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。  相似文献   

东太平洋中国多金属结核区锰结核样品中微生物群落结构的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶光斌  王风平  肖湘 《台湾海峡》2010,29(2):218-227

通过非培养手段研究了东太平洋中国多金属结核区ES0303站点锰结核样品中的微生物群落结构.细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库的研究结果表明：结核内细菌种群结构复杂,微生物种类丰富且各种群丰度不一（61个OTUs）,其中变形杆菌类群为优势种群,占所有细菌克隆子比例的64%,且主要分布于β/γ-、α-和δ-等3类变形杆菌（Proteobacteria）亚群之中,占比分别为34%、18%和12%.此外还存在包括酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）,放线菌纲（Actinobacteria）,绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）,浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）等在内的细菌类群的分布,克隆子比例依次为9%、7%、8%、2%和5%.古菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库的研究结果表明：古菌的群落结构单一（仅12个OTUs）,全部是由泉古菌海洋类群I（crenarchaeote marine group I,MGI）组成;其中MGI-η类群最为丰富,达到44%,而MGI-α、MGI-ζ和MGI-ε类群的克隆子比例分别为25%、18%和9%,另外还发现2个新的MGI分类类群.相关克隆子的数据库比对和系统发育树分析表明,并未发现已报道的直接参与铁锰氧化还原相关类群的存在,但它们大多数与来自多金属结核来源或深海来源的不可培养微生物具有较高的同源性.进一步的分析表明,锰结核内存在相当数量的氨氧化菌、硫酸盐还原菌、酸杆菌等能够改变pH值的细菌和古菌类群的存在,意味着它们可能在锰结核的形成过程中起到重要的作用.  相似文献   

中国对虾微卫星DNA的筛选   总被引：35，自引：5，他引：35  

徐鹏  周岭华  相建海 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(3):255-259

于2000年2月以中国科学院海洋研究所水族楼暂养的中国虾对材料，采用常规方法从尾部肌肉中提取DNA，构建小片段部分基因组文章，采用人工设计合成的（CT）7，（AT）7重复征段作引物，利用RCR法对中国对虾小片段部分基因组文库进行筛,一实验首冼 对中国对虾中获得31个微卫星序列，分别分析于18个阳性重组克隆中，其中perfect共23个，占74％，imperfect2个，占7％，compound perfect1个，占3％，compound imperfect5个，占16％，结果还表明，在中国对虾基因组DNA中，（CT）n,(AT)n)形式的微卫星序列的含量非常丰富。  相似文献   

长江河口湿地互花米草入侵对沉积物中汞形态特征的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志刚  周立旻  郑祥民  王永杰 《海洋学报》2021,43(8):31-40

通过分析长江河口湿地典型植物根际沉积物柱样(0～40 cm)中总汞(THg)、甲基汞(MeHg)及其与粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、还原态硫等环境因子之间的关系,探讨了互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵对沉积物中汞形态特征的影响及主控因子。结果表明:(1)不同植物(互花米草、芦苇(Phragmites communis)、海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)和水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani))根际沉积物中THg均值为49.9～100.9 μg/kg,其与粒径小于16 μm颗粒物组分体积百分比及TOC含量之间存在显著正相关关系(r2=0.85,p<0.01;r2=0.58,p<0.01),这意味着沉积物中矿物?有机物复合体细颗粒物的空间分异决定着总汞的空间分异。互花米草入侵促进了细颗粒的沉积,进而间接促进了沉积物中总汞含量的增加。(2)不同植物根际沉积物中MeHg均值为0.3～1.4 μg/kg,MeHg/THg均值为0.4%～1.4%,互花米草、芦苇及海三棱藨草根际沉积物中MeHg含量及MeHg/THg值随深度增加不断减小,但无显著差异,表明了互花米草入侵对沉积物中汞甲基化过程的影响可能有限。Pearson相关分析表明,MeHg/THg与THg、TOC、酸挥发性硫之间不存在显著的正相关关系。硫的K边同步辐射结果进一步表明了硫形态(如有机硫和S2?)变化与MeHg变化关系不大。MeHg/THg值呈表层(0～8 cm)高,底层低的分布规律,表明了表层沉积物中汞的甲基化潜势较大,这可能与表层新鲜有机质(如藻类和植物凋落物)的不断供给及其降解过程密切相关,还需深入研究。  相似文献   

宁波北仑港冬季浮游细菌多样性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘兵  李太武  苏秀榕  史西志  李登峰  杜莉利 《台湾海峡》2009,28(2):217-222

采用分子生物学方法对宁波北仑港冬季水体中的浮游细菌多样性进行了研究.提取水样中细菌基因组总DNA,以细菌16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经分子克隆、测序与序列分析,对水样中的细菌建立了16S rDNA克隆文库和系统发生树.结果表明,浮游细菌群落具有较高的多样性,34个克隆子分属2个不同的细菌类群,6个克隆子属于未知类群,优势细菌类群为Pro-teobacteria类群（变形菌类群）,占80%;细菌优势类群顺序为β-Proteobacteria类群（32.5%）、γ-Proteobacteria类群（25%）、α-Proteobacteria类群（15%）、ε-proteobacteria类群（7.5%）、Firmicutes类群（厚壁菌类群）（5%）.这一结果与近年来国内外有关港口微生物多样性的报道较为一致.用DNAStar中Clustalw程序从测序的40个克隆子中选出17个OTU进行系统发育分析,同样表明浮游细菌多样性较强.  相似文献   

New and important roles for DMSP in marine microbial communities   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. P. Kiene  L. J. Linn  J. A. Bruton   《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(3-4)

The algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is recognised as the major precursor of marine dimethylsulfide (DMS), a volatile sulfur compound that affects atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Recent studies, using ³⁵S-DMSP tracer techniques, suggest that DMSP may play additional very important roles in the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of the surface ocean. DMSP may serve as an intracellular osmolyte in bacteria that take up phytoplankton-derived DMSP from seawater. In addition, DMSP appears to support from 1 to 13% of the bacterial carbon demand in surface waters, making it one of the most significant single substrates for bacterioplankton so far identified. Furthermore, the sulfur from DMSP is efficiently incorporated into bacterial proteins (mostly into methionine) and DMSP appears to be a major source of sulfur for marine bacterioplankton. Assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is via methanethiol (MeSH) that is produced by a demethylation/demethiolation pathway which dominates DMSP degradation in situ. Based on the linkage between assimilatory metabolism of DMSP and bacterial growth, we offer a hypothesis whereby DMSP availability to bacteria controls the production of DMS by the competing DMSP lyase pathway. Also linked with the assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is the production of excess MeSH which, if not assimilated into protein, reacts to form dissolved non-volatile compounds. These include sulfate and DOM–metal–MeSH complexes, both of which represent major short-term end-products of DMSP degradation. Because production rates of MeSH in seawater are high (3–90 nM d⁻¹), reaction of MeSH with trace metals could affect metal availability and chemistry in seawater. Overall, results of recent studies provide evidence that DMSP plays important roles in the carbon, sulfur and perhaps metal and DOM cycles in marine microbial communities. These findings, coupled with the fact that the small fraction of DMSP converted to DMS may influence atmospheric chemistry and climate dynamics, draws attention to DMSP as a molecule of central importance to marine biogeochemical and ecological processes.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of sulfur incorporation and isotope fractionation during early diagenesis in sediments of the gulf of California     

M.B. Goldhaber  I.R. Kaplan 《Marine Chemistry》1980,9(2):95-143

Sediment cores were taken from the Gulf of California, and pore waters recovered by mechanical squeezing. The chemistry and isotopic abundance of sulfur in these pore fluids were compared with coexisting solid phases to deduce the mechanisms involved in pyrite formation. The results suggest that burrowing activities of benthonic organisms supply sulfate sulfur to sediments to depths of approximately 0.5 m from the surface. This is inferred from essentially constant pore water concentration profiles of dissolved ions in horizons where sulfate reduction is demonstrated by the presence of iron sulfides.For a core from Pescadero Basin, it is estimated that beneath the mixed zone, diffusion adds 0.4% sulfur by dry weight of sediment, whereas burial of sulfate adds less than 0.1% sulfur. It is shown that diffusion can add isotopically light sulfur to sediments, due to more rapid relative addition of ³²SO₄^2? compared to ³⁴SO₄^2? down a concentration gradient maintained by bacterial processes. The overall net isotopic value of the sulfate so added is $\text{δ}{}^{34}\text{S = ?4.5‰}$. The depth distribution of S-isotope in sulfur is controlled by the balance between a bacterial kinetic isotope effect preferentially removing ³²S relative to ³⁴S, and the supply of sulfate by diffusion. The isotopic fractionation factor, α, calculated by a mathematical formulation which takes diffusion into account, is larger (1.060±0.010) than when sulfate reduction is assumed to occur in a closed system (1.035). The larger value is supported by the sulfur isotope distribution in metastable iron sulfide. Essentially, the same open-system α was calculated for a core from Carmen Basin.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of elemental sulfur in two coastal sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henning Troelsen  Bo Barker Jørgensen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(3):255-266

A spectrophotometric method for elemental sulfur (S⁰) analysis without interference from other reduced sulfur compounds was adapted for the use in reducing sediments. The S⁰ distribution in two coastal sediments was studied regularly from summer to winter and compared to factors regulating the S⁰ accumulation, such as redox potentials, the rate of bacterial sulfide production and the general sulfur chemistry. Dense coatings of sulfur bacteria developed on the sediment surface of a sulfuretum which had an S⁰ concentration of up to 41 μmol S cm^?3. The 2·5-mm thick bacterial coating contained 40% of all S⁰ in the sediment. A more typical marine sediment with a few cm thick oxidized surface layer had an S⁰ maximum of 1–3 μmol S cm^?3 at 2–4 cm depth. The S⁰ maximum in both sediments increased from summer to winter as the sediments gradually became more oxidized. The deeper layers maintained a low S⁰ concentration. Most of the S⁰ in the upper few mm of a laboratory sulfuretum was present inside sulfur bacteria and actively migrated up and down with the bacteria depending upon the changing light and oxygen conditions.  相似文献