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1.
采用体外拮抗试验方法,研究了2株分离自斜带石斑鱼幼鱼肠道的乳酸菌(MM1和MM4)的产酸能力及抑菌特性。结果表明,MM1产乳酸速度较快,且整个培养期间乳酸产量均显著高于MM4(P0.05)。MM1和MM4对革兰氏阴性细菌梅氏弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和革兰氏阳性细菌金黄色葡萄球菌均有强烈的抑制作用,但乳酸对2株乳酸菌的抑菌活性没有影响。过氧化氢酶显著降低了2株乳酸菌对梅氏弧菌和哈维氏弧菌的抑菌活性(P0.05),但对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性影响较小,提示2株菌除能产生过氧化氢外,还能产生其它抑菌物质。2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质具有一定的热稳定性,对蛋白酶部分敏感,经3种蛋白酶(胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K)处理后,均保留70.0%以上的抑菌活性。因此,2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质具有热稳定性和蛋白酶部分敏感特性,且对革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有抑制效果,可推测为类细菌素物质。 相似文献
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采用体外拮抗试验的方法，先从不同生长阶段的对虾肠道中分离的96株细菌中筛选出4株对病原菌（鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌）有拮抗作用的细菌；进一步通过固体扩散法和液体混合法确定LV060806、LV060808的产物对鳗弧菌有明显抑制作用，Lv060806、LV060815的产物对副溶血弧菌有明显抑制作用，LV060810、LV060815的产物对哈维氏弧菌有明显抑制作用。溶血试验证实这些菌株不产生溶血素，不具有潜在的致病性；动物安全性实验证实菌株浓度在10^6 cfu／ml以下对实验对虾无明显的毒害作用。随后测定了其16S rRNA基因序列，分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性，构建了系统发生树，结合菌株表型特征和生理生化特性最终鉴定结果为：LV060806、LV060808为Vibrio natriegens；LV060810、LV060815为V.alginolyticus。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌LH对几种水产养殖病原弧菌的抑制作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为探明乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus spp．）LH对水产养殖病害的生物防治功能，采用试管稀释法和平板抑菌圈检测法，探讨了乳酸杆菌LH代谢产物对沙蚕弧菌（Vibrio nereis）、哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）、溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyicus）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、漂浮弧菌（Vibrio natriegen）的抑制能力，并在模拟养殖水体实验中探讨了乳酸杆菌LH对哈维弧菌的抑制效果．结果显示，乳酸杆菌LH培养12h的代谢产物没有抑菌活性，培养24～96h的代谢产物有明显抑菌活性，随着培养时间的延长，其代谢产物的抑菌活性增强；乳酸杆菌LH代谢产物对病原弧菌的最低抑菌浓度为8倍稀释液；在模拟养殖水体中，10^3个／cm^3乳酸杆菌LH即对哈维氏弧菌有明显的抑制作用，抑制作用随哈维氏弧菌菌量（10^3～10^6个／cm^3）的增大而减弱．结果表明乳酸杆菌LH对病原弧菌具有良好的抑制作用． 相似文献
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光合细菌对致病弧菌的抑制作用 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
本文主要介绍5株光合细菌对3株致病弧菌的抑制作用研究,结果表明,在不同的培养基中其抑菌效果不同,在普通培养基中No.3PSB对副溶血弧菌和河弧菌有明显的抑制作用,但在TCBS培养基中,则无抑菌效果,在培养基I中,No.1和No.2 PSB对3株致病弧菌的抑制作用皆取得良好的效果。 相似文献
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为筛选具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌用于微生态制剂开发,本研究自野生许氏平鲉肠道内共分离出35株细菌,从中筛选出1株乳酸菌YH1,其革兰氏染色呈阳性,且可发酵脱脂乳产生凝固、无气泡、呈酸性现象,基于形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列鉴定乳酸菌YH1为食窦魏斯氏菌。分析了酸碱度、温度和NaCl含量对食窦魏斯氏菌YH1生长的影响;选取金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌等多种病原指示菌,以琼脂扩散法测定YH1培养12h产物的抑菌活性;并采用肌肉注射和腹腔注射两种方式对YH1的动物安全性进行检测。实验结果显示,食窦魏斯氏菌YH1适宜的生长条件为pH5.7—8.8、温度20—40oC,最适生长条件为pH7.2—8.4,温度35oC,在MRS培养基中添加NaCl会抑制YH1的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1的无菌培养产物可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌等病原指示菌的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1在10~8CFU/m L及以下浓度对许氏平鲉是相对安全的。以上研究表明了食窦魏斯氏菌YH1具有广谱抑菌性和动物安全性,为其应用于水产养殖业奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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采用点种法并以副溶血弧菌(Vp1.2164)和溶藻弧菌(Va-Y)为弧菌指示菌,对从健康的大黄鱼肠道内分离的115株细菌进行体外拮抗试验。并对筛选出的拮抗菌进行抗菌谱测定,最后利用VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统和16SrRNA基因序列对拮抗菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从中筛选到3株有较强拮抗作用的菌株,编号分别为X1402-1、X1108和X3914,且菌株X1402-1的抗菌作用最强,抗菌谱最广,21株病原指示菌中,对16株均能产生较强的抑制作用,其中对Vp-1.2164的抑菌直径最大,达到28.5mm,对Va-Y的抑菌直径为8.7mm;其次为菌株X1108和X3914,对两种指示弧菌的抑菌直径分别为:12.0mm、9.0mm和0mm、7.2mm。经VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统鉴定,3株拮抗菌分别与铜绿假单胞菌,恶臭假单胞菌,地衣芽孢杆菌的相似性均为99%。通过16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,3株拮抗菌分别与类产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes(EU419918)、恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomon asputida(FJ440105)和地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis(DQ988136)的16SrRNA基因同源性最高,分别为100.0%、97.5%、99.0%。综合分析试验结果,X1402-1、X1108和X3914分别被确定为类产碱假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和地衣芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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几种海产双壳贝类血淋巴中抗菌物质的诱导及其活性测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
以贻贝（Mytilus edulis)，毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata)，海湾扇贝（Argopecten irdians)和菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinesis)为试验材料，分别用活的和灭活的大肠杆菌为诱导物进行诱导，采用3种革兰氏阳性细菌和3种革兰氏阴性细菌作为指示菌，对4种供试双壳贝类血淋巴进行抗菌活性测定，结果表明：（1）贻贝在诱导前其血淋巴对金黄色葡萄球菌和四联微球菌有抑菌活性，免疫诱导可使血淋巴对鳗弧菌出现抑菌作用；（2）毛蚶在诱导前其血淋巴中含有对金黄色葡萄球菌和鳗弧菌有抑菌活性的物质，诱导对这两种菌的抑菌活性有明显的提高，但未诱导出对另外4种供试细菌有活性的物质；（3）海湾扇贝在诱导前其血淋巴对所有供试细胞均无抑菌活性，但经诱导后产生对金黄色葡萄球菌，副溶血弧菌和鳗弧菌有抑菌活性的物质，且活菌诱导比灭活诱导效果好；（4）菲律宾蛤仔在诱导前其血淋巴仅对金黄色葡萄球菌和鳗弧菌表现出抑菌活性，经诱导后其血淋巴不仅对这两种菌的抑菌活性增强，而且还诱导出对副溶血弧菌有抑菌活性的物质。 相似文献
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热带太平洋活性微生物菌株的筛选和鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从热带太平洋的生物、海水、沉积物样品中分离到细菌、酵母和霉菌共475株．选择8个指示菌并采用圆形纸片法对分离菌株的发酵液进行抗菌和抗肿瘤活性筛选，获得20个具有抗菌和／或抗肿瘤活性的微生物菌株．细菌、酵母和霉菌活性菌株的筛选得率都比较低，分别为5．4％、2．2％和3．4％，其原因可能与纸片的发酵液的添加量较少和菌株发酵条件的控制有关．同时采用分子生物学方法鉴定了活性菌株，除4株未有结果外，其余菌株分归为9个属，其中芽孢杆菌属7株、占活性菌株的35％，盐单胞菌属2株、占10％，其它菌属各1株、占5％．抑菌谱分析表明，大多数活性菌株对革兰氏阳性细菌具有抑制作用，而来源于鱼体的菌株抑菌谱较广，对细菌、真菌均有拮抗作用，另外还发现一株酵母（Rhodosporidium toruloides）可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌．作者提出“活性指示（activity index）”参数，对活性菌株的抗菌谱和活性强度进行综合评估，也表明源于鱼体的菌株的活性指示值较高．这4株芽孢杆菌尤其是DY-Y-11A1A菌株，具有潜在的后续开发价值． 相似文献
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副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是一种嗜盐性革兰氏阴性菌, 广泛分布于海洋环境中, 能够引起肠胃炎、伤口感染以及败血症, 是人类重要的病原菌之一。宿主体内被认为是一种低铁环境, 能够激发致细菌的毒力。副溶血弧菌能够分泌弧菌素或利用外源铁载体来获取铁。在低铁条件下, 编码双组份调控系统的基因簇VPA0148-VPA0149转录上调, 使含铁肠杆菌素受体PeuA转录出有活性的蛋白。VPA0148编码产物为一个响应调节因子, 具有一个磷酸基团接收结构域和一个DNA结合结构域。本研究发现, VPA0148的缺失增强了菌株的生物膜形成能力和对斑马鱼的致死能力, 同时能够促进菌株在低铁环境中的生长, 并增强菌株的群集运动。研究结果表明含铁肠杆菌素受体调节蛋白VPA0148对副溶血弧菌致病力具有调控作用, 增进了对铁调节副溶血弧菌毒力机制的认识。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献