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浅水动力学的格子Boltzmann 模拟 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
建立了一个格子Boltzmann模型，经过Chapman-Enskog展开可以恢复出守恒形式的浅水动力学方程组。理论分析和数值试验的结果都表明，本模型严格地满足质量守恒定律和动量定理。数值模拟了一维和二维溃坝流动，分别与理论解和文献值进行了对比，结果相当吻合。本模型具有很好的并行计算性能，在海洋、大气等大规模数值计算领域有着广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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初步构建了一个以浮游植物（P）、浮游动物（Z）和营养盐（N,包括无机氮和活性磷酸盐）为生态变量的NPZ简单生态模型,并通过与POM三维水动力模型的耦合,建立了三维浮游生态动力学模型,开展了厦门湾全海域三维浮游生态系统时空变化的模拟研究.结果显示,厦门海域浮游动植物有明显的季节变化,春、夏季生物量最高,秋、冬季较低,但不同的海区达到峰值的季节并不相同;活性磷酸盐含量冬季最高,春季最低,与浮游植物量值有较明显的反位相关系,表明厦门湾海域浮游植物的生长主要受活性磷酸盐含量限制.模拟结果符合历史观测特征,且模拟值与实测值量级比较吻合,因此所建立的三维浮游生态动力学模型可用于描述厦门湾海域浮游生态的时空变化特征. 相似文献
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为了从海绵共附生微生物中寻找天然高效抗污损活性物质,本文针对前期研究获取的4株具有显著抗硅藻附着的活性菌株进行活性验证和比较,选出其中最优菌株进行菌种鉴定及发酵条件优化.比较了活性菌株对小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)、咖啡双眉藻(Amphora coffeaeformis)、碎片菱形藻(Nitzschia frustulum)附着的抑制活性,确定菌株UST050418-715为最优菌株;通过16S r DNA的测序分析,结合平板的菌落形态和扫描电镜下菌体特征,鉴定活性菌株UST050418-715为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus).为优化该菌株的培养条件,选择了酵母粉、蛋白胨、Na Cl、p H值进行四因素三水平的正交实验,对菌株培养条件进行优化.发现选择的4个因素对应的菌株发酵产物对硅藻附着的抑制活性大小不同,影响显著性顺序是酵母粉蛋白胨Na Clp H值,综合菌株发酵产物活性、粗提物产量和菌株生长情况进行分析,确定菌株UST050418-715基于海洋2216E培养基的最佳发酵条件为:蛋白胨含量7.5 g/dm3,酵母粉含量3 g/dm3,Na Cl含量10.45 g/dm3,p H值9.5. 相似文献
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南海中央海盆岩石圈纵向演化模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于南海海盆的地质构造历史、地球物理和构造应力场资料建立准三维有限元模型,对南海中央海盆进行岩石圈纵向演化动力学模拟.本文采用弹塑性各向同性连续岩石介质模型,充分考虑拉伸速率、拉伸位移以及模型参数对模拟结果的影响,共建立了3个模型进行比较.从数值模拟结果可以看出中央海盆在被动拉张的地质构造背景下是单向生长的,动态模拟出南海中央海盆在形成过程中的陆缘裂离、海底扩张两个阶段的岩石圈纵向演化过程,并且分析了两个阶段岩石圈的动力学性质.提出水平的被动拉张力是南海岩石圈纵向演化前两个阶段形成的主要因素,并且在这两个阶段中,岩石圈的纵向演化时间主要集中在海底扩张阶段. 相似文献
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从天津新港潮间带沉积物中筛选出一株能以荧蒽为唯一碳源和能源且生长良好的菌株Y1,并对菌株特性进行了系统研究。实验结果发现菌株Y1为革兰氏阴性菌,适合在低盐度（〈1％氯化钠）的环境中生长,最适pH值为6～7,最适的生长温度为25℃～28℃。该菌株对锌、铅、铜、铬和低浓度的镉均有抗性,但对高浓度的镉十分敏感;菌株Y1对常见抗生素卡那霉素、链霉素、氨苄青霉素和利福平具一定抗性,但对四环素较敏感。通过对菌株Y1的16SrDNA测序和序列比对,并结合其生理生化特性确定其为Sediminibacterium sp．,归属于鞘脂杆菌纲（Sphingobacteria）。Y1在10天内对荧葸的降解率为14％,且GST酶在Y1降解荧蒽的过程中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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本文在太平洋深海沉积物中分离得到一株孔雀石绿降解菌株，鉴定命名为Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1。通过菌株生长实验和高效液相色谱的研究表明， HMG1菌株可以在20 mg/L的孔雀石绿中维持较快的生长速率，并且在12 h内可降解98.8%的孔雀石绿，这证明该菌株具有很高的孔雀石绿耐受能力和降解活性。通过基因组测序在HMG1菌株发现一条过氧化物酶基因可能参与了孔雀石绿的降解，随后利用原核表达获得了相应的重组蛋白。实验表明，该重组过氧化物酶具有极强的活性，可在1000 mg/L的孔雀石绿中发挥降解功能。本文利用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对孔雀石绿的菌株降解产物和重组酶降解产物进行鉴定，并基于鉴定结果推测了两种降解途径。结果发现两种降解方式存在共同的降解途径。此外，孔雀石绿降解条件的实验结果证明重组过氧化物酶可以在低温（20℃）、复杂的pH值（6.0–9.0）、高盐度（100 mmol/L）、金属离子和EDTA等反应条件下依旧维持很高的孔雀石绿降解活性。以上实验结果表明，HMG1菌株和重组过氧化物酶均在孔雀石绿污染生物修复方面具有很大潜力。 相似文献
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2016年全球地震海啸监测预警与数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
回顾了国家海洋环境预报中心(国家海洋局海啸预警中心)2016年全球地震海啸监测预警的总体状况, 并基于震源生成模型和海啸传播数值模型的计算结果详细介绍了几次主要海啸事件及其影响特性。2016年全年国家海洋环境预报中心总共对全球6.5级(中国近海5.5级)以上海底地震响应了45次,发布海啸信息81期, 没有发生对我国有明显影响的海啸。结合精细化的数值模拟结果和浮标监测数据,重点介绍了苏门达腊7.8级地震海啸、厄瓜多尔7.8级地震海啸、新西兰7.1级和7.8级地震海啸, 以及所罗门7.8级地震海啸的波动特征和传播规律, 模拟结果与实测海啸波符合较好。针对厄瓜多尔7.8级地震海啸事件, 本文比较分析了均匀断层模型和多源有限断层模型对模拟结果的影响; 针对新西兰7.1级地震海啸, 探讨了色散效应对海啸波在大水深、远距离传播过程的影响规律。 相似文献
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The fall-rate of the T-5 expendable bathythermograph (XBT) produced by Tsurumi Seiki (TSK) Co., Ltd and that by Sippican Inc.,
are intercompared by a series of contemporaneous and colocated measurements with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profilers.
It is confirmed that the fall-rates of the two manufacturers' T-5 differ by about 5 percent, despite the fact that they had
been believed to be identical for many years. The cause of the difference is discussed on the basis of a detailed cross-examination
of the two T-5 models. It is found for the first time that the two models are different in several respects. The manufacturer's
fall-rate equation is only applicable to the Sippican T-5, for which Boyd and Linzell's (1993) equation seems to be slightly
more accurate. Kizu et al.'s (2005) equation gives a clearly less biased depth than the manufacturers' equation for the TSK T-5. It is also found that
the fall-rates of both T-5 models are dependent on water temperature, perhaps because of viscosity. The temperature-dependency
of the fall-rate of the TSK T-5 is larger than that of the Sippican T-5. 相似文献
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纳污海水中COD生化降解过程的模拟试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1995年5－11月期间,采取渤海湾海水,控制不同的试验水温和不同的有机物起始浓度,采用试验室模拟方法,测定COD生化降解曲线。依据COD降解动力学理论,得出不同环境条件下的COD生化降解动力学参数。经过归纳综合,建立了纳污海水中COD的生化降解动力学参数方程式。试验结果显示,渤海湾天津近岸排海污水COD生化降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型,其降解速率系数足值介于0．023－O．076d-1之间。k值受温度变化的影响较大,温度越高,k值越大。 相似文献
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The complementary mild-slope equation (CMSE) is a depth-integrated equation, which models refraction and diffraction of linear time-harmonic water waves. For 2D problems, it was shown to give better agreements with exact linear theory compared to other mild-slope (MS) type equations. However, no reference was given to 3D problems. In contrast to other MS-type models, the CMSE is derived in terms of a stream function vector rather than in terms of a velocity potential. For the 3D case, this complicates the governing equation and creates difficulties in formulating an adequate number of boundary conditions. In this paper, the CMSE is re-derived using Hamilton's principle from the Irrotational Green–Naghdi equations with a correction for the 3D case. A parabolic version of it is presented as well. The additional boundary conditions needed for 3D problems are constructed using the irrotationality condition. The CMSE is compared with an analytical solution and wave tank experiments for 3D problems. The results show very good agreement. 相似文献
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饲料添加发酵浒苔对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus) 生长性能、消化酶活性和免疫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用单因子试验设计方法, 配制发酵浒苔添加比例分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的 6 种饲料, 探讨发酵浒苔对花鲈生长、体成分、胃、肠消化酶活性及血清、肝脏免疫的影响的研究。 将其饲喂初始平均体重为(6.40±0.14)g 的花鲈28d, 每组饲料设3 个重复, 每个重复投喂30 尾花鲈。 结果表明: (1) 随着发酵浒苔添加水平的升高各组花鲈增重率和特定生长率呈现先升高后降低的趋 势, 且差异性显著(P<0.05), 以2%组添加量最优。相比于对照组, 各添加组饲料系数均有下降。添加 发酵浒苔可适当降低鱼体中的水分, 提高灰分含量但并不显著(P>0.05).同时各添加组的粗脂肪和粗 蛋白含量均高于对照组, 各添加组之间并无显著性差异(P>0.05).(2) 在添加组中, 花鲈淀粉酶、脂 肪酶活性以及胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活性均得到了显著提高(P<0.05).添加水平在2%-3%效果最好。 (3) 添加发酵浒苔可以显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶的活性(P<0.05), 但对碱性磷酸酶的活 性差异不显著(P>0.05).本试验中肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均得到提高, 在 2%-3%组为最佳。 相似文献
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Based on Green–Naghdi equation this work studies unsteady ship waves in shallow water of varying depth. A moving ship is regarded as a moving pressure disturbance on free surface. The moving pressure is incorporated into the Green–Naghdi equation to formulate forcing of ship waves in shallow water. The frequency dispersion term of the Green–Naghdi equation accounts for the effects of finite water depth on ship waves. A wave equation model and the finite element method (WE/FEM) are adopted to solve the Green–Naghdi equation. The numerical examples of a Series 60 (CB=0.6) ship moving in shallow water are presented. Three-dimensional ship wave profiles and wave resistance are given when the ship moves in shallow water with a bed bump (or a trench). The numerical results indicate that the wave resistance increases first, then decreases, and finally returns to normal value as the ship passes a bed bump. A comparison between the numerical results predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations is made. It is found that the wave resistance predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation is larger than that predicted by the shallow water equations in subcritical flow
, and the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations predict almost the same wave resistance when
, the frequency dispersion can be neglected in supercritical flows. 相似文献
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基于实际气体状态方程的深海采样压力补偿技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
压缩气体通常用于深海压力保持采样器的压力补偿。回收的流体样品的压力和体积与预充气体高度相关。为了更好地理解高压下气体的行为，我们提出了一个新的基于压缩因子Z的实际气体状态方程，该方程是从实验数据得出的。然后基于该经验气态方程引入了样品压力和体积的理论计算方法。最后，通过采样器进行了在115MPa下的高压模拟采样实验，很好地验证了本文所提出的计算理论。 相似文献
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Effect of salinity on the growth, biological activity and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi
HUANG Jingjing LU Chunhu QIAN Xiaoming HUANG Yaojian ZHENG Zhonghui SHEN Yuemao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(3):118-123
The study investigated the effects of salinity on growth,antimicrobial activities and secondary metabolites of 47 marine filamentous fungi isolated from the East China Sea near the western shore of the Taiwan Straits.The results indicate that NaCl promoted the growth up to 91.5% of test strains.However,only 14.9% of them showed a significant increase of antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans.When incubated in different concentrations of NaCl,the colony growth, antimicrobial activities and composition of secondary metabolites of the strain Ty01b-8 of Penicillium sp.varied.Treatment with KCl also showed a similar effect.An alkaloid isolated from the fermentation broth of Ty01b-8 was identified as chrysogine,inhibition activity of which against Hela cells was 15.05% at 20 μ g/ml,and yield was 4.4 and 4.9 times higher in 3 percent and 6 percent NaCl treatments,respectively, compared with the non-salt culture condition. These findings prove that salinity is an important factor influencing growth and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi,which can be used to screen for new metabolites from marine fungi,and to enhance their metabolites production in industrial fermentation. 相似文献
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Mary R. Arkoosh Ethan Clemons Paul Huffman Herb R. Sanborn Edmundo Casillas John E. Stein 《Marine environmental research》1996,42(1-4)
The leukoproliferative (LP) response of splenic leukocytes from the marine benthic fish, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), stimulated with the mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was examined as a biomarker of immunotoxic effects. English sole were exposed to an organic-solvent extract of a sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) or placed on a reference sediment modified with the PAC contaminated sediment. For both treatments, English sole had an augmented LP response to Con A, no significant change in the response to LPS, and the LP response to PWM showed no consistent relationship to exposure to PACs. In a field study, English sole from a contaminated site had a significantly augmented LP response to Con A and PWM. Fish from a non-urban site also had an augmented LP response to Con A and to LPS relative to fish from another non-urban reference site. Overall, the results demonstrated that although the LP response in splenic leukocytes of English sole to Con A was linked to contaminant exposure, the LP response to Con A did not exhibit high specificity as an indicator of chemical contaminant exposure. However, the concerted use of Con A, LPS, and PWM allowed for identification of apparent chemical-contaminant induced alterations of the LP response in English sole from an urban area of Puget Sound. 相似文献
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石油烃胁迫下3种微藻的生长动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应机制,并对海洋石油污染的预防和治理提供理论依据,本文研究了0#柴油石油烃对3种海洋微藻生长的影响。实验结果表明石油烃对微藻有"低促高抑"的现象:当石油烃质量浓度10 mg/L时,抑制青岛大扁藻的生长;当石油烃质量浓度30 mg/L时,则抑制三角褐指藻的生长;抑制聚球藻的石油烃质量浓度范围为20 mg/L,且质量浓度越大抑制效果越明显。但低质量浓度石油烃污染物则易促进其生长。在Logistic生长模型的基础上,结合Lorentz方程和Exponential方程,引入石油烃污染物质量浓度项,建立石油烃污染物条件下的海洋浮游植物生长的模型。Lorentz方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生长速率参数的影响,Exponential方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生物量的影响,实验验证该模型是合理的。 相似文献