共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
人工鱼礁研究现状及未来展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工鱼礁是建设海洋牧场的重要技术手段,鱼礁投放后有助于改善沿海渔业生态环境、保护增殖渔业资源。近几十年,随着人工鱼礁建设事业规模的不断壮大,各国专家学者对人工鱼礁进行了多方面研究。作者在前人研究的基础上,从鱼礁材料、结构设计、流场效应和数值模拟、鱼礁监测技术、管理体制、生态效益调查评估、经济价值评价等多个角度,对人工鱼礁的研究现状进行详细论述,最后从物理稳定性、监测管理、价值评估等3个方面提出人工鱼礁未来研究与发展的方向,以期为中国大规模人工鱼礁建设的可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
人工鱼礁建设具有生态效果、经济效果和社会效果。为科学指导人工鱼礁的建设方向,进一步促进海洋牧场建设以及海洋渔业资源和海洋生态环境的可持续发展,文章采用改进的层次分析法,从人工鱼礁与社会的适应性、对社会环境的影响、对社会生活的影响以及对其他行业发展的影响4个方面,选取政策符合性等10个评价指标,通过问卷调查的方式,对南麂列岛海域人工鱼礁的社会效果进行评价,填补该研究领域的空白。研究结果表明:根据各评价指标的权重和效果判定值,南麂列岛海域人工鱼礁产生了较好的社会效果,其中海洋生态环境、项目长远性、改善渔民生活质量和海洋捕捞业等指标发挥作用较大;未来将开展长期和连续的调查研究,提高评价可信度。 相似文献
3.
威海西港人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合考虑近海生态系统特点与人工鱼礁建设的功能,从海水水质、群落结构和生态系统功能三方面构建了人工鱼礁生态系统健康评价模型。基于对威海西港人工鱼礁区及对照区4个季度(2012年9月—2013年7月)海洋生态环境和渔业资源的综合调查结果,对威海西港人工鱼礁区的生态系统进行了健康评价。研究表明:威海西港人工鱼礁区及对照区的生态系统春季、夏季、秋季为较健康水平,冬季为亚健康水平;鱼礁区生态健康指数大于对照区,且差异极显著(P0.01);鱼礁区生态系统健康综合指数为夏季秋季春季冬季。综合分析认为,威海西港人工鱼礁区生态系统比对照区生态系统更稳定,但仍需开展长期的调查与监测进行验证。本研究结果对于人工鱼礁区的管理、保护和规划具有参考意义。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1)
根据2012年9月—2013年8月对海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁区生物资源和环境因子的调查,结合3个等级评价标准,构建了基于熵权的模糊物元的人工鱼礁区生态效果综合评价模型,并对海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁区的生态效果进行初步评价。研究表明,鱼礁区的综合生态效果优于对照区,且二者都高于Ⅰ级水平。其中,鱼礁区水质与底质状况高于对照区,且二者都远好于Ⅰ级水平;鱼礁区饵料生物水平稍好于对照区,均处于Ⅲ级水平;鱼礁区鱼类与大型无脊椎动物远超过对照区,高于Ⅰ级水平,对照区处于Ⅱ级水平。结果表明,海州湾前三岛海域人工鱼礁的生态效果良好,用本文评价方法得到的数据可以作为评价鱼礁生态效果的依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
合理的人工鱼礁布局可以为海洋生物提供适宜的生境，促进物种的多样性和生态系统的稳定。然而受多种因素的影响，人工鱼礁投放的实际位置与规划方案多有差异，致使人工鱼礁建设达不到预期效果。文章利用重心误差、外围面积误差、重叠面积误差以及礁体数量误差等4个指标来评价天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差状况。结果表明，天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放的外围面积误差和礁体数量误差的平均值分别为-0.11和0.067，投放布局的准确性比较高；重心和重叠面积误差平均值分别为0.59和0.73，投放定位的准确性相对较差，需要进一步改进；从年际变化来看，2018年人工鱼礁投放的重心误差、重叠面积误差、礁体数量误差均有明显改善，仅外围面积误差略大，表明随着时间的推移，人工鱼礁投放布局和定位的准确性均已达到预期效果。文章量化了天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差，成果可为提高天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放效果提供有益参考，为相关政策制定提供科学依据，并指导管理实践。 相似文献
7.
2016年6月,使用双频识别声呐Aris-1800对东港大鹿岛海域内的人工鱼礁进行调查研究,分别采用走航式和定点式观测方法对M型人工鱼礁进行多角度连续观测,对其水下形态特征,鱼类和浮游动物的数量分布的动态变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,使用双频识别声呐对人工鱼礁的水下整体状态进行观测是可行的。声学方法和钓具采样方法相结合,较为客观、全面的反映了礁区水域内生物资源的数量、空间分布和生态行为变动情况,为今后声学方法在人工鱼礁海洋牧场规划建设和效果评估等方面的研究提供了理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
8.
文章通过对海州湾海域人工鱼礁建设情况统计以及人工鱼礁投放位置与监测点位的变化关系,并根据水质综合污染指数评价结果,对比分析了海州湾海域近15年来人工鱼礁建设前、后水质的变化情况。结果表明:离人工礁区近的点位水质明显好于其他点位水质,可见人工鱼礁建设对海州湾海域水质改善起到极大的促进作用,不仅优化了海域生态环境,而且营造了良好的海洋生物栖息场所。建议进一步加大鱼礁建设范围,发展以人工鱼礁为主的海洋生态环境恢复建设,提高整个海州湾海域生态环境资源的合理配置,调整渔业产业结构、促进海洋产业升级优化。 相似文献
9.
人工鱼礁作为海洋牧场的重要组成部分，在增殖和优化渔业资源、改善海洋生态环境、调整海洋渔业产业结构方面发挥着重要作用。人工鱼礁的规划设计、施工验收和后续的监测是建设海洋牧场技术方面的关键。为了充分发挥人工鱼礁的功能，需要对人工鱼礁开展精细及大规模的调查研究。传统的水下调查方式受限程度高，作业效率低下，而侧扫声呐可获取高分辨率的海底目标物图像，多波束测深系统可获取高精度的海底地形数据，两者结合可以给人工鱼礁的建设提供精确的海底地形地貌信息及人工鱼礁的空间信息，为人工鱼礁的设计、投放以及监测提供有效的技术支持。本文以目前国内外有关人工鱼礁建设的研究技术文献为基础，从人工鱼礁的前期选址、施工投放、空方量估算和后期监测等方面，归纳总结了水声技术及对应声学设备（侧扫声呐及多波束测深系统）在人工鱼礁建设中的应用，并对该技术应用前景做了展望。 相似文献
10.
11.
The use of artificial reefs in the Arabian Gulf have a history extending back over a century, when date palm trunks, stones, pottery and other materials were sunk in coastal areas to enhance fish catch. Historically, such artificial reefs formed an important component of the socio-economic development of coastal fisheries. In comparison, modern artificial reefs have taken on a variety of forms. The most widely recognized are purpose-build modular artificial reefs designed for the enhancement of fisheries yield, diving, and various other benefits. However, far more common within the Gulf are the large-scale unplanned artificial reefs that have been formed as a result of human activities in the marine system, such as large-scale coastal breakwaters, seawalls, jetties, pipelines, and oil and gas infrastructure. Although there is limited information on the role of these constructions in structuring Gulf marine communities, increasing evidence suggests that abundant and diverse communities of reef fish, coral and other benthos can develop on these structures, with important ecological implications in urbanized coastal areas in the Gulf. However, due to a variety of unintended consequences of artificial reef development such structures may also pose challenges to coastal marine management. We review the current published literature on artificial reefs in the Gulf in order to improve our understanding of the role that these structures play in Gulf coastal ecosystems, and to further develop regional management of artificial reefs. We explore the various types of artificial reef that exist in the Gulf and examine the benefits and challenges that these structures represent for coastal ecology and economics. Such information is essential for our improved understanding and management of these increasingly important ecosystems in the Gulf. 相似文献
12.
威海近岸人工鱼礁布设对生物资源恢复效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了解人工鱼礁投放对区域内海洋生物资源恢复效果,于2013年3月至2014年1月在北黄海近岸人工鱼礁投放区进行调查。结果显示,该海区发现浮游动物53种,其中优势种为浮游桡足类。夏秋季底栖生物幼体成为季节性优势种。游泳动物共发现14种,主要为常见的礁区鱼类。底栖动物共12种,其中棘皮动物海燕为绝对优势种,为近岸养殖生物的主要敌害生物,主要的底栖资源优势种为虾蟹类与软体动物。投礁区的浮游动物与游泳动物物种数明显多于未投礁区,表明人工投礁有助于生物群落的恢复,提高生物多样性,改善区域生态系统。但该海域大型底栖藻类较少,还应进一步对大型底栖藻类增殖以提高海域初级生产。 相似文献
13.
Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts,recovery trends and future outlook 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the world's tropical or subtropical seas. Bleaching is episodic, with the most severe events typically accompanying coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which result in sustained regional elevations of ocean temperature. Using this extended dataset (25+ years), we review the short- and long-term ecological impacts of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, and quantitatively synthesize recovery data worldwide. Bleaching episodes have resulted in catastrophic loss of coral cover in some locations, and have changed coral community structure in many others, with a potentially critical influence on the maintenance of biodiversity in the marine tropics. Bleaching has also set the stage for other declines in reef health, such as increases in coral diseases, the breakdown of reef framework by bioeroders, and the loss of critical habitat for associated reef fishes and other biota. Secondary ecological effects, such as the concentration of predators on remnant surviving coral populations, have also accelerated the pace of decline in some areas. Although bleaching severity and recovery have been variable across all spatial scales, some reefs have experienced relatively rapid recovery from severe bleaching impacts. There has been a significant overall recovery of coral cover in the Indian Ocean, where many reefs were devastated by a single large bleaching event in 1998. In contrast, coral cover on western Atlantic reefs has generally continued to decline in response to multiple smaller bleaching events and a diverse set of chronic secondary stressors. No clear trends are apparent in the eastern Pacific, the central-southern-western Pacific or the Arabian Gulf, where some reefs are recovering and others are not. The majority of survivors and new recruits on regenerating and recovering coral reefs have originated from broadcast spawning taxa with a potential for asexual growth, relatively long distance dispersal, successful settlement, rapid growth and a capacity for framework construction. Whether or not affected reefs can continue to function as before will depend on: (1) how much coral cover is lost, and which species are locally extirpated; (2) the ability of remnant and recovering coral communities to adapt or acclimatize to higher temperatures and other climatic factors such as reductions in aragonite saturation state; (3) the changing balance between reef accumulation and bioerosion; and (4) our ability to maintain ecosystem resilience by restoring healthy levels of herbivory, macroalgal cover, and coral recruitment. Bleaching disturbances are likely to become a chronic stress in many reef areas in the coming decades, and coral communities, if they cannot recover quickly enough, are likely to be reduced to their most hardy or adaptable constituents. Some degraded reefs may already be approaching this ecological asymptote, although to date there have not been any global extinctions of individual coral species as a result of bleaching events. Since human populations inhabiting tropical coastal areas derive great value from coral reefs, the degradation of these ecosystems as a result of coral bleaching and its associated impacts is of considerable societal, as well as biological concern. Coral reef conservation strategies now recognize climate change as a principal threat, and are engaged in efforts to allocate conservation activity according to geographic-, taxonomic-, and habitat-specific priorities to maximize coral reef survival. Efforts to forecast and monitor bleaching, involving both remote sensed observations and coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models, are also underway. In addition to these efforts, attempts to minimize and mitigate bleaching impacts on reefs are immediately required. If significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved within the next two to three decades, maximizing coral survivorship during this time may be critical to ensuring healthy reefs can recover in the long term. 相似文献
14.
《Marine Policy》2017
Global coral reef related tourism is one of the most significant examples of nature-based tourism from a single ecosystem. Coral reefs attract foreign and domestic visitors and generate revenues, including foreign exchange earnings, in over 100 countries and territories. Understanding the full value of coral reefs to tourism, and the spatial distribution of these values, provides an important incentive for sustainable reef management. In the current work, global data from multiple sources, including social media and crowd-sourced datasets, were used to estimate and map two distinct components of reef value. The first component is local “reef-adjacent” value, an overarching term used to capture a range of indirect benefits from coral reefs, including provision of sandy beaches, sheltered water, food, and attractive views. The second component is “on-reef” value, directly associated with in-water activities such diving and snorkelling. Tourism values were estimated as a proportion of the total visits and spending by coastal tourists within 30 km of reefs (excluding urban areas). Reef-adjacent values were set as a fixed proportion of 10% of this expenditure. On-reef values were based on the relative abundance of dive-shops and underwater photos in different countries and territories. Maps of value assigned to specific coral reef locations show considerable spatial variability across distances of just a few kilometres. Some 30% of the world's reefs are of value in the tourism sector, with a total value estimated at nearly US$36 billion, or over 9% of all coastal tourism value in the world's coral reef countries. 相似文献
15.
中国珊瑚礁资源状况及其药用研究调查 Ⅱ.资源衰退状况、保护与管理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国珊瑚礁资源衰退状况和原因进行了调查和分析.结果表明,中国南海珊瑚礁资源衰退状况严重,珊瑚礁破坏率高达 90%以上,其中,占全国珊瑚礁总面积98%的海南,80%～95%的珊瑚礁受到破坏.除自然因素外,对珊瑚礁资源的不当的、过度的开发利用,社会经济发展带来的海洋环境污染等人为因素,是珊瑚礁资源衰退的主要原因.建立南中国海珊瑚礁生态系统保护与管理国际合作机制,正确评估珊瑚礁的生态功能与价值,建立珊瑚礁自然保护区及监测网络系统,是中国珊瑚礁资源保护性开发利用的可行对策. 相似文献
16.
为研究方型人工鱼礁体水动力特性受礁体布设间距变化的影响,通过物模实验实测了开口比为0.3的方形开口双礁体在布设间距为1.0L、2.0L时周围特征点的流速及礁体受力,并利用Fluent软件模拟了双礁体在布设间距为0.5L、1.0L、2.0L、4.0L时的水动力场,通过分析得到了礁体上升流特性参数、阻力系数随布设间距的变化情况。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,本文数值模拟方法是可行的;模拟工况下,随着布设间距的增加,双礁体产生的上升流区体积逐渐减小,阻力系数逐渐增大,流场效应较好的布设间距为0.5L、1.0L、2.0L。研究结果可为礁区布局方案的确定提供参考。 相似文献
17.
试验水槽中多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摸清多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果,可为人工鱼礁礁体组合设计和礁区布局设计等方面提供科学依据.本研究参照深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区的实际建礁情况,制作并模拟4组三种模型礁体组合、4组四种模型礁体组合,在方形试验水槽中以鱼类行为学的方法研究了这8组模型礁体组合对紫红笛鲷的诱集效果.4组三礁组合礁体模型试验结果表明,FHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果非常明显,BFH、BCG、CHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果较为明显.其诱集效果排序为:FHJ组合礁(53.84%)>BFH组合礁(44.85%)>BCG组合礁(38.11%)>CHJ组合礁(36.01%).4组四礁组合礁体的试验结果表明,4组四礁组合礁体模型对紫红笛鲷均具有较强的诱集效果,其诱集效果排序为:BGHJ组合礁(52.27%)>CFHJ组合礁(51.26%)>BCGJ组合礁(50.01%)>BCGH组合礁(45.05%).总体上,四礁组合的诱集效果优于三礁组合,人工鱼礁建设的礁群配置以多礁组合为佳. 相似文献
18.
《Marine Policy》2017
Marine management has typically prioritised natural science methodological traditions as an evidence base for decision-making; yet better integration of social science methods are increasingly shown to provide a more comprehensive picture to base management decisions. Specifically, perceptions-based assessments are gaining support, as they can provide efficient and holistic evaluation regarding management issues. This study focuses on coral reefs because they are particularly threatened ecosystems, due to their ecological complexity, socio-economic importance, and the range of environmental drivers that impact them. Research has largely concentrated on assessing proximate threats to coral reefs. Less attention has been given to distal drivers, such as socio-economic and governance factors. A common understanding of threats related to coral reef degradation is critical for integrated management that takes account of peoples’ concerns. This study compares perceptions of drivers of reef health among stakeholders (n = 110) across different sectors and governance levels, in four Caribbean countries. Interview data identified 37 proximate and 136 distal drivers, categorised into 27 themes. Five sub-groups of themes connecting proximate and distal drivers were identified. Perceptions of two of these narratives, relating to ‘fishing and socioeconomic issues’ and ‘reef management and coastal development’, differed among respondents from different countries and sectors respectively. However, the findings highlight a shared perception of many themes, with 18 of the 27 (67%) mentioned by > 25% of respondents. This paper highlights the application of perceptions data for marine management, demonstrating how knowledge of proximate and distal drivers can be applied to identify important issues at different context-specific scales. 相似文献
19.
中山人工鱼礁区渔获物调查 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
使用刺网、手抛网和虾笼等渔具，分别于丰水期和枯水期对中山人工鱼礁区进行渔获物调查。丰水期调查表明，所选规划礁区位置是合理的，已试验1a的试验浮礁集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果明显；枯水期调查表明，首期礁区集鱼和保护幼鱼幼虾的效果更明显；首期礁区已成为良好的索饵场和隐蔽场所，成为附近海域渔业资源的摇篮和种苗库。大面积的人工鱼礁已取得明显的保护渔业资源和海洋生态的效果。 相似文献
20.
本研究关注了浮游植物群落对人工鱼礁建设后短期内的响应，浮游植物群落特征季节变化及其与环境因子之间的相互关系。基于小黑山岛海域 2013—2016 年 12 个航次的现场调查，共鉴定出 75 种浮游植物，硅藻是该海域最主要的浮游植
物类型；研究区域内叶绿素 a 浓度范围为 0.22 ~ 9.46 ug/L，Shannon 多样性指数 （log2） （H''） 范围为 0.76 ~ 3.06，Pielou 均匀度指数 （J''） 范围为 0.28 ~ 0.77。鱼礁建设前后海水环境因子变化较小，且礁区内外差异不显著，鱼礁建设后变化主要有3 点。Pb 和 Hg 浓度有所降低，符合一类海水水质标准的航次及站位增多。于叶绿素 a 浓度、H''和 J''均有所下降，礁区内外叶绿素 a 浓度无明显差别，且礁区的 H''和 J''高于非礁区。盂优势种有一定的变化，但礁区内外无明显差别，具槽直链藻是该海域全年性的优势种。典范对应分析 （CCA） 表明影响站位和各浮游植物在分析图中分布的最主要因素不是人工鱼礁建设而是季节变化。浮游植物群落主要受溶解氧、NO3-N、水温、悬浮物和 As 影响，其中 As 浓度虽然优于国家一类海水水质标准，但仍对浮游植物群落的分布影响显著。 相似文献