共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
黔西北赫章天桥铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:S、Pb同位素和REE制约 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
赫章县天桥铅锌矿床位于扬子准地台西南缘的黔西北铅锌成矿区中部,是本区已发现的96处中、小型矿(床)点的典型代表。天桥铅锌矿床由三个矿体群组成,其金属资源量(Pb+Zn)超过0.2Mt。本文报道了该矿床矿石硫化物的硫和铅同位素组成及其稀土元素组成特征。矿石硫化物δ34SV-CDT值主要集中在8.4‰～14.4‰之间,总体具有δ34Spyδ34Sspδ34Sga特征,表明成矿流体中硫已达到平衡。该矿床成矿流体中δ34S∑S值与不同时代地层中海相硫酸盐δ34S值(15‰)相近,表明成矿流体中硫来源于不同时代地层,为不同时代地层海相硫酸盐热化学还原(TSR)的产物。铅同位素组成相当均一,n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)值为38.875～39.057(平均38.945),n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)值为15.708～15.763(平均15.728),n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)值范围为18.481～18.544(平均18.516),与碳酸盐地层相近,在n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)—n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)和n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)—n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)图,落入碳酸盐地层范围内,表明铅来源于与矿物铅同位素组成相近的各时代碳酸盐地层。硫化物样品具有低ΣREE(3×10-6)和负的Eu异常(0.13～0.88)特征。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,全部样品具有相似特征,且与地层中的黄铁矿(下石炭统大塘组C1d)、地层白云岩及蚀变围岩相比,具有一致的稀土配分模式和Eu负异常特征,表明成矿流体来源围岩及下伏碳酸盐地层。综合S、Pb同位素和REE地球化学特征认为该矿床成矿物质和成矿流体具有多来源特征,各时代地层均不同程度地为成矿提供物质和流体。 相似文献
2.
吉家洼金矿床位于豫西熊耳山金多金属矿集区中西部,矿体产出受断裂构造控制,属构造蚀变岩-石英脉型金矿床。为了查明吉家洼金矿床的成矿物质来源,本次对矿床的碳、氧、硫、铅等同位素进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,吉家洼金矿的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)介于-10.3‰~-7.7‰之间,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)介于14.2‰~17.8‰之间,表明成矿流体中的碳来源于岩浆。硫化物δ~(34)S值介于-20.4‰~-5.4‰,表明硫来源于早白垩世花山花岗岩基,造成硫化物的δ~(34)S值呈现出较大负值的原因可能是在成矿过程中成矿流体物理化学条件的变化引起硫同位素发生分馏所致。铅同位素组成为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.042~18.149,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.333~15.575,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.675~38.868,与由新太古界—古元古界太华群岩石重熔形成的早白垩世花岗岩的铅同位素组成相似,具有壳幔混合源的特点。综合碳、氧、硫、铅等同位素的研究结果认为,吉家洼金矿床的成矿流体来源于岩浆热液,并有大气降水的加入;成矿物质主要来源于早白垩世花岗岩,矿床成因属岩浆期后热液脉状金矿床。 相似文献
3.
商旭造山型金矿床处于班公湖—怒江缝合带中段南侧,其热液成矿作用可划分为四个阶段:石英阶段(S1)、石英—黄铁矿阶段(S2)、石英—多金属硫化物阶段(S3)和碳酸盐阶段(S4),金主要赋存于S2和S3阶段。该矿床的赋矿围岩为中—下侏罗统木嘎岗日群(J_(1-2)M)的深水复理石碎屑沉积岩。商旭金矿床S3阶段硫化物的硫同位素较为均一(δ~(34)S值介于-4.5‰~-1.0‰之间,均值为-3.1‰),与围岩中硫化物的硫同位素δ~(34)S值一致,表明硫可能来自于矿区木嘎岗日群的深水复理石碎屑沉积。同时,该阶段δ~(34)S值满足δ~(34)S_(Gn)δ~(34)S_(Sp),说明不同硫化物间硫同位素分馏基本平衡;闪锌矿—方铅矿硫同位素热力学平衡温度为197℃。S3阶段硫化物的铅同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.35~18.69、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.64~15.70、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.57~38.98,μ值介于9.55~9.63之间,ω值介于37.75~38.15之间,表明其铀铅富集、钍铅亏损且铅源物质成熟度高的特点,暗示其铅来自于上地壳物质,可能有造山带中混杂岩的贡献。 相似文献
4.
冈底斯成矿带西段鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿床的成矿 物质来源研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏措勤县鲁尔玛铜(金)矿床为冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的斑岩型矿床,位于中拉萨微陆块的西部,矿体主要呈脉状和不规则状产于含矿斑岩顶部和接触带,矿床形成于晚三叠世(213 Ma)。文章通过研究主成矿阶段硫化物的S-Pb同位素组成特征,并与晚三叠世含矿斑岩体Pb同位素组成进行对比,发现共生硫化物δ34SV-CDT值变化范围较窄(δ34SV-CDT=-2.38‰～1.75‰,极差为4.13‰,均值为-0.64‰),具有深源硫(地幔或下地壳)的特征;共生硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿和毒砂等)Pb同位素(n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)分别为18.450～18.903、15.602～15.669、38.637～39.424)和晚三叠世含矿斑岩的Pb同位素(n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)分别为18.845～19.560、15.634～15.689、39.273～40.211)具有一致的线性演化曲线,显示出壳幔混合的特征,暗示鲁尔玛铜(金)矿的铅来自于晚三叠世的岩浆活动。研究认为,鲁尔玛铜(金)矿床形成于晚三叠世新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲的环境,成矿物质应源于新生地壳熔融形成的中酸性岩浆。 相似文献
5.
《地球化学》2016,(5)
为探讨研究区大规模成矿流体演化特征,对紫云山岩体及其周边的W-Cu、Mo-Cu、Mo、U多金属矿床的硫、铅同位素特征进行了系统研究。研究区的多金属矿硫化物的δ34SCDT为1.2‰~21.1‰,分属1.0‰~3.0‰和21.1‰两个区间附近,分别对应W-Cu-Mo矿化和U矿化,推测研究区的W-Cu-Mo成矿流体中硫以幔源为主,而铀成矿流体则可能是有围岩硫的加入。研究区的W-Cu-Mo多金属矿床的硫化物矿石铅同位素组成:~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.541~38.742,平均38.705;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.617~15.710,平均15.654;~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.240~18.433,平均18.299。黑钨矿的铅同位素组成:~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.649~39.595,平均39.122;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.542~15.828,平均15.685;~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=20.842~21.319,平均21.081。石英的铅同位素组成:~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.683;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.602;~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=20.442。紫云山花岗岩铅同位素组成:~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.583~39.182,平均38.943;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.635~15.683,平均15.657;~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.714~19.276,平均18.937。综合全方位对比法、三参数法和模式图解法,认为研究区成矿物质具有岩浆和地层混合铅的特征,也有部分幔源铅的加入。研究矿区发生的过大规模的双源成矿流体作用以及流体的多阶段演化,导致W-Cu-Mo-U成矿元素共生分异的现象。 相似文献
6.
青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床成因:原位S和Pb同位素证据 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床是西南三江特提斯北段新生代铅锌矿集区的典型矿床之一,本文首次应用飞秒激光剥蚀多接受器等离子体质谱法对多才玛铅锌矿床中金属硫化物的原位S和Pb同位素进行了测定。结果显示:黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的原位S同位素的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-26.34‰～4.24‰之间,均值-12.15‰(n=20),其中闪锌矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-10.30‰～-3.52‰,均值-7.39‰(n=9);方铅矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为-26.34‰～-11.74‰,均值-20.36‰(n=9);黄铁矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值分别为2.50‰,4.24‰。矿床δ~(34)S数据范围较宽,总体表现为富集负值硫的特征,说明有机质可能参与成矿。岩浆热液期发育的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值具有深源特征,沉积热液期发育的方铅矿和闪锌矿的δ~(34)S值表明成矿过程存在还原作用,指示盆地地层还原流体的混入,综上可认为多才玛铅锌矿床硫具有混合来源的特征。方铅矿原位Pb同位素结果为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.866～18.929,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.674～15.689,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=39.052～39.174。方铅矿与地层的Pb同位素组成一致,位于上地壳平均Pb演化线之上,具上地壳和地幔混合俯冲带铅的特征,表明其成矿物质的来源多样。结合矿床学、矿物学及同位素数据,本文认为多才玛铅锌矿床S元素主要来源于赋矿围岩,Pb金属元素主要来源于藏北钾质火山岩,侵入地层岩浆与盆地流体的混合是金属硫化物沉淀的重要机制。 相似文献
7.
为探讨研究区大规模成矿流体演化特征,对紫云山岩体及其周边的W-Cu、Mo-Cu、Mo、U多金属矿床的硫、铅同位素特征进行了系统研究。研究区的多金属矿硫化物的δ34SCDT为1.2‰~21.1‰,分属1.0‰~3.0‰和21.1‰两个区间附近,分别对应W-Cu-Mo矿化和U矿化,推测研究区的W-Cu-Mo成矿流体中硫以幔源为主,而铀成矿流体则可能是有围岩硫的加入。研究区的W-Cu-Mo多金属矿床的硫化物矿石铅同位素组成:^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.541~38.742,平均38.705;^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.617~15.710,平均15.654;^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=18.240~18.433,平均18.299。黑钨矿的铅同位素组成:^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.649~39.595,平均39.122;^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.542~15.828,平均15.685;^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=20.842~21.319,平均21.081。石英的铅同位素组成:^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=37.683;^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.602;^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=20.442。紫云山花岗岩铅同位素组成:^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.583~39.182,平均38.943;^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.635~15.683,平均15.657;^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=18.714~19.276,平均18.937。综合全方位对比法、三参数法和模式图解法,认为研究区成矿物质具有岩浆和地层混合铅的特征,也有部分幔源铅的加入。研究矿区发生的过大规模的双源成矿流体作用以及流体的多阶段演化,导致W-Cu-Mo-U成矿元素共生分异的现象。 相似文献
8.
《地球化学》2020,(1)
铧厂沟金矿床赋存于新元古界碧口群细碧岩和泥盆系踏坡群灰岩中。矿体受高角度逆冲断层和韧-脆性剪切带控制,呈似层状、透镜状产出,是南秦岭典型的造山型金矿床。根据赋矿围岩不同,该矿床划分为细碧岩矿带和灰岩矿带。细碧岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值范围为-1.3‰～4.7‰,呈塔式分布,具岩浆硫特征;灰岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值为-14.8‰～1.9‰,离散度强,具有生物成因硫和地层硫的特征。矿石黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值均落入碧口群细碧岩(2.1‰～4.7‰)和踏坡群(-22.5‰～6.6‰)的δ~(34)S值范围,指示硫源主要为碧口群和踏坡群。Pb同位素组成中,细碧岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb范围分别为18.017～17.856、15.530～15.585和38.150～38.413,灰岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb范围分别为18.202～18.491、15.624～15.659和38.690～39.401。细碧岩矿带矿石黄铁矿与围岩细碧岩全岩的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值相近,灰岩矿带矿石黄铁矿Pb同位素投影点全部落入踏坡群灰岩地层范围内。以上S和Pb同位素结果表明,铧厂沟金矿床金属物质来源于新元古代碧口群细碧岩及泥盆系踏坡群。 相似文献
9.
辽上金矿床是胶莱盆地东北缘地区近年来新发现的一处特大型金矿床,以黄铁矿、白云石为载金矿物而区别于"焦家式"、"玲珑式"金矿床。为探讨新类型金矿床成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,对该矿床载金白云石C、O和黄铁矿S、Pb进行了同位素分析。结果显示,载金矿物白云石中δ~(13)C_V-_(PDB)值为-4.60‰_(～-)3.60‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值集中在9.6‰～10.6‰;黄铁矿δ~(34)S值为+7.2‰～+9.4‰,均值为+8.2‰;黄铁矿~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb与~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb值分别为17.027～17.576、15.435～15.503、37.706～38.205。结合胶莱盆地构造-岩浆演化背景,认为辽上金矿床C-H-O含矿流体主要源于地幔,上升过程中有大气降水参与及壳源成矿物质混入,具有壳幔混合特征,成因类型为含金黄铁矿碳酸盐脉充填型低温热液金矿床。 相似文献
10.
冰洞山铅锌矿床是扬子地块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿床主要形成于基底隆起部位的震旦系陡山沱组,矿体呈层状、似层状产于陡山沱组第四段白云岩角砾岩中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石主要呈中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾岩间。金属矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿等。与矿石共生的方解石流体包裹体分析表明流体均一温度为95~175℃,密度为0.897~1.117 g/cm3,估算成矿流体压力为25.4~32.5 MPa,计算相应的深度为1.24~1.43 km。矿石中硫化物的δ(34S)为13.03‰~33.72‰,其δ(34S)的顺序为:黄铁矿闪锌矿方铅矿;硫酸盐的δ(34S)为32.07‰~47.22‰,S来源于海相硫酸盐的还原。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成为:N(206Pb)/N(204Pb)=17.660~18.093,N(207Pb)/N(204Pb)=15.457~15.694,N(208Pb)/N(204Pb)=37.444~38.288,成矿金属来源于震旦系-寒武系。矿石伴生碳酸盐矿物的δ(13CPDB)为-1.22‰~-0.31‰,成矿流体中的CO2为震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解成因。冰洞山铅锌矿床成矿流体可能为起源于盖层沉积的中低温盆地卤水,伴随穹隆构造过程中,成矿流体向陡山沱组白云岩角砾岩运移并发生热液充填成矿,在成因上为MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
17.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献