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1.
对新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩中橄榄辉长岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩地球化学分析表明:辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩具有钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,橄榄辉长岩和蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩属镁铁质堆积岩,为蛇绿岩组成单元;稀土总量较高,具微弱正Eu异常,稀土元素配分模式为略左倾平坦型,与SSZ型镁铁质堆晶岩稀土配分模式相同;微量元素蛛网图上,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、K、Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,可能代表俯冲板片的流体交代上覆地幔楔使地幔岩石发生部分熔融。地球化学构造环境判别柳树沟镁铁质岩石岩浆源区为亏损型地幔向富集型地幔过渡的适度富集型地幔,其形成的最佳模型是在成熟岛弧基础上裂谷化形成的一个不成熟的类似边缘海性质弧后盆地,不具成熟大洋或盆地那样的洋壳-上地幔结构,在盆地扩张初期岩浆具岛弧特征,随着盆地被进一步打开,镁铁质岩石具N-MORB特征。对辉长岩采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得特柳树沟镁铁质岩石的结晶时间为314.9±1.7 Ma。 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区西部阿拉善右旗吊井子一带发育有3处镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,位于华北板块之巴丹吉林坳陷西缘,其主要岩石类型为角闪石岩及橄榄岩。相对比与北大山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,本文研究区内角闪石岩分异明显,具有低钾、高钛、高铝、低磷等特征;大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损,稀土元素分异不明显,La/Sm、La/Ce、La/Yb较低,为亏损地幔来源的(N-MORB)洋中脊玄武岩的特点;橄榄岩富镁贫铁,具有镁质超基性岩的特点,岩浆未发生明显分异,微量元素中Cu、Ni、Co、Cr、V等地幔来源的元素强烈富集,不相容元素富集,稀土元素分异明显,稀土曲线右倾,具有弱Eu异常,La/Sm、La/Ce、La/Yb值较高,岩浆源于富集地幔物质的部分熔融。两种岩石地球化学成分及特征差异较大,不具备同源性特征。 相似文献
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安徽省桐城市挂镇（挂车河镇）地区出露郯庐断裂系（北北东-北东向）和大别构造系（近东西向）的韧性剪切带,变质温度分别为400 ℃～450 ℃和600 ℃～700 ℃,均发育镁铁质和长英质构造岩,是研究不同变形条件下岩石中元素活化迁移规律的理想对象。质量平衡计算表明长英质剪切带在韧性变形过程中,大别构造系体积基本不变,郯庐断裂系体积亏损且随变形程度的增强而增加,镁铁质性剪切带在脆-韧变形过程中体积增加。长英质构造岩的稀土和微量元素变异远弱于镁铁质构造岩,长英质构造岩基本继承了原岩的特征而镁铁质构造岩与原岩的差异显著,长英质和镁铁质混合的构造岩主要显示镁铁质组分的迁移规律。长英质构造岩的元素迁移种类和迁移率与变形程度和变质温度正相关,其中体积亏损变形的郯庐断裂系表现为重稀土中等迁出、中稀土几乎未迁移和轻稀土微弱迁入,等体积变形的大别构造系为稀土元素迁入,轻稀土、中稀土和重稀土的迁移率依次增加。镁铁质构造岩的稀土元素迁移表现为轻稀土强烈迁入和重稀土中等迁出。体积变化不是元素变异的主因,在原岩和矿物蚀变制约的基础上,元素迁移受到岩石流变分异作用和热液渗流作用的双重作用,低温时以渗透流体作用为主,而高温时岩石流变分异作用增强。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带中段新生代火山岩的岩石学和地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
郯庐断裂带中段的新生代火山岩以碱性系列的碱性橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩和霞石岩为主,其中又以钠质亚系的岩石为主。不同时代和不同地区各类岩石的过渡元素和不相容元素的分配型式大致相同,但是其丰度值变化较大。稀土元素标准化曲线均呈向右陡倾斜,其斜率相似,彼此近于平行,属典型的富轻稀土,而亏损重稀土的型式。δ_(Eu)为0.94—1.10。 相似文献
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东昆仑东端扎那合惹地区元古宙蛇绿岩 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
扎那合惹地区元古宙蛇绿岩由超镁铁质堆晶岩组成，堆晶岩岩石化学成分、矿物组成变化较大。痕量元素、稀土元素表现出富集不相容元素的特征，而Nd同位素地球化学特征显示其源于亏损的地幔源区。超镁铁质堆晶岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1480±3Ma，与之紧密伴生的榴闪岩40Ar／39Ar坪年龄为（881.8±4.7）Ma（石榴石）和（852.2±1.0）Ma（角闪石），分别代表了古昆中洋扩张及俯冲消减的时限。 相似文献
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秦岭造山带勉略缝合带超镁铁质岩的地球化学特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
勉略缝合带中广泛出露的超镁铁质岩构造块体是D～T_2期间勉咯洋盆古洋壳残片的重要标志之一，属贫铝、贫碱的镁质超基性岩类，其原岩类型主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩。稀土特征有两种类型：轻稀土亏损，Eu富集型；以及轻稀土低度富集，Elf弱亏损型。与原始地慢比较，本区超镁铁质岩中Cs、Rb、Th、U、K、Ta、Nb等强不相容元素大多呈富集状态，暗示古地慢经历过一种富集大离子亲石元素的上地幔流体交代作用。 相似文献
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北大巴山笔架山—铜洞湾碱性镁铁质熔岩的岩石学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
笔-铜碱性镁铁质火山岩体由碎屑岩和熔岩组成。熔岩的主要岩石类型有苦橄岩(富橄辉玄岩)和碱性玄武岩。所有样品都富集不相容元素,REE显示出高度分离的分配型式,其(La/Yb)_(ON)比值多数在15和20之间,而相容元素(Co、Cr和Ni)则明显亏损,计算表明,碱性镁铁质熔岩不可能由球粒陨石型地幔分离出的橄榄岩部分熔融产生,而可能是由交代地幔适度部分熔融产物。 相似文献
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笔—铜碱性镁铁质火山岩体由碎屑岩和熔岩组成。熔岩的主要岩石类型有苦橄岩(富橄辉玄岩)和碱性玄武岩。所有样品都富集不相容元素,REE显示出高度分离的分配型式,其(La/Yb)_(CN)比值多数在15和20之间,而相容元素(Co、Cr和Ni)则明显亏损,计算表明,碱性镁铁质熔岩不可能由球粒陨石型地幔分离出的橄榄岩部分熔融产生,而可能是由交代地幔适度部分熔融产物。 相似文献
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西藏永珠—纳木湖蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造环境初探 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
西藏永珠—纳木湖蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩从超镁铁质岩到镁铁质岩均表现出高镁,其玄武岩、辉长岩的TiO2含量较低,表现出非大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩的特征。微量元素、大离子亲石元素相对富集,玄武岩的Nb、Ta亏损,显示其在产出时受到俯冲作用的影响,具有岛弧玄武岩的特点,但Th的高度富集和无Zr、Hf负异常说明它又不同于岛弧玄武岩。稀土元素含量较低,在球粒陨石标准化稀土分布模式图上玄武岩为平坦型,无Eu异常,显示其具有原生岩浆成分的特点;辉长岩的稀土配分模式也为平坦型,但有Eu正异常。通过与典型地区作对比和应用构造环境判别图解,判定出该区蛇绿岩的形成环境为弧后盆地。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献