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利用岩心、钻井和分析测试资料,对民和盆地油页岩的沉积环境、层序地层、赋存、工业品质和地球化学特征进行了研究,将民和盆地油页岩划分为3种成因类型：油一层为深湖—半深湖低含油率腐泥型油页岩,油三层为浅湖相低含油率腐殖—腐泥型油页岩,油四层为湖沼相中含油率腐泥—腐殖型油页岩。研究成果表明：形成于深湖—半深湖相的油一层分布范围广,厚度较大,油页岩含油率不高,属高灰分低含油率的油页岩;形成于湖沼相的油四层厚度较小,平面上分布不稳定,含油率较高,属中灰分中含油率的油页岩。 相似文献
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针对油页岩成因类型,国内外学者做过一些有益的探讨,但尚不存在统一的分类方案。鉴于中国油页岩以陆相成因为主,作者从油页岩的沉积环境出发,总结出从深湖-半深湖到湖沼环境,油页岩中湖泊生物来源的有机质所占比例逐渐减少,陆源有机质影响变大,并以此把中国陆相盆地油页岩分为深湖腐泥型油页岩、半深湖腐殖腐泥型油页岩和湖沼腐泥腐殖型油页岩3种成因类型。通过系统梳理中国29个陆相含油页岩盆地矿床特征,发现深湖腐泥型油页岩主要赋存于大中型坳陷盆地,往往具有分布范围广、空间展布稳定、品质和厚度中等的特点;发育在小型断陷盆地中的深湖腐泥型油页岩矿床具有分布范围小、横向差异大、品质良好和厚度巨大的特点。半深湖腐殖腐泥型油页岩在断陷盆地和坳陷盆地都有分布,具有分布范围小、空间上品质和厚度差异明显。湖沼腐泥腐殖型油页岩主要沉积于断陷盆地中,具有分布局限、品质好、厚度薄的特点。 相似文献
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中国油页岩资源丰富,以陆相沉积为主,主要赋存于中新生界,颜色通常为黑色-深灰色和灰褐色-棕褐色,且富矿油页岩一般比贫矿油页岩的颜色深.油页岩中矿物成分以石英、长石和黏土矿物为主,黏土矿物中高岭石含量相对较高.中国陆相油页岩总体质量特征为中等偏好,含油率大于5%的页岩油资源占67.64% ,灰分产率一般为53.27% ～84.35% ,多属高灰分油页岩.发热量各地区差别较大,最小值为4.19 MJ/kg,最大值可达34.60 MJ/kg,而且同一地区不同层位的油页岩发热量也不相同.就伴生元素而言,油页岩中富含大量的稀土元素和微量元素,使油页岩具有巨大的综合利用潜力.从有机成因角度,中国陆相油页岩可以分为腐泥型油页岩、腐殖腐泥型油页岩和腐泥腐殖型油页岩;从油页岩的沉积环境成因角度,可以划分为拗陷湖成油页岩、断陷湖成油页岩和断陷湖泊-沼泽油页岩;从油页岩形成的水体性质角度,可以划分为淡水油页岩和半咸水油页岩.中国陆相油页岩中湖泊-沼泽油页岩一般与煤伴生,多为腐殖腐泥型油页岩和腐泥腐殖型油页岩;而湖成油页岩一般单独存在或为煤层顶板,多为腐泥型油页岩和腐殖腐泥型油页岩. 相似文献
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吉林省松江盆地下白垩统大砬子组油页岩特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松江盆地油页岩赋存于下白垩统大砬子组上段,盆地在大砬子组沉积时期处于坳陷期。综合野外工作研究表明,油页岩发育于深湖半深湖相,主要分布于杨木屯胜利屯一带的松江向斜轴部一带。通过对样品的有机地球化学数据分析表明,松江盆地油页岩有机质类型为腐泥型(Ⅰ)腐殖腐泥型(Ⅱ1),处于未成熟阶段。油页岩含油率为3.62%~4.02%,具有一定的工业开采价值。 相似文献
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伦坡拉盆地有较大规模的油页岩出露,根据油页岩工业划分标准,伦坡拉油页岩属于含油率较高的高灰分、特低硫型油页岩。伦坡拉油页岩主要发育于丁青湖组之中,形成于半深湖-深湖相沉积环境。通过岩相古地理研究,发现伦坡拉油页岩厚度受沉积相带控制,呈规律性展布,从深湖-半深湖-浅湖-滨湖呈环带状由中心向四周逐渐减小的变化趋势,位于盆地中央半深湖-深湖相区的伦坡日、蒋日阿错地区油页岩厚度相对较大,具有广阔的开发利用前景。 相似文献
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银额盆地下白垩统巴音戈壁组油页岩特征及古环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
银额盆地下白垩统巴音戈壁组油页岩赋存于巴音戈壁组的二、三段。利用钻井岩心和分析测试资料,对巴音戈壁组油页岩物理特征、品质特征、地球化学特征、有机地球化学特征及分布特征进行了研究,并对油页岩沉积环境、古湖泊生产力、构造和古气候条件进行了分析。研究结果表明:巴音戈壁组油页岩为低含油率、中灰分、低发热量油页岩;并可分为4个油层组,主力油层组形成于高水位体系域时期,成因类型为深湖-半深湖腐殖腐泥型油页岩。油页岩的富集主要受构造发育特征、沉积环境和古气候、古地貌等因素控制。 相似文献
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广东茂名盆地油页岩成矿因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
茂名盆地是我国最著名的油页岩产地之一。沉积环境分析表明,油页岩主要形成于半深湖-深湖和湖沼相两种沉积环境。高棚岭断裂的持续活动和温暖而潮湿的亚热带-温带环境为油页岩层的形成提供了良好的外部条件;通过透射光-荧光干酪根显微组分鉴定分析,茂名油页岩以腐泥型为主,含有少量腐殖腐泥型;在油页岩中还可见大量水生生物化石,孢粉中除了一定数量的水生植物花粉和草本植物花粉外还有极少量旱生植物的孢粉,说明有机质来源十分丰富;由于温度和盐度的差异造成湖水分层,形成缺氧环境,从而为有机质有效保存提供良好的空间,经成岩作用形成油页岩。本文通过对以上因素分析,提出茂名盆地油页岩成因模式。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩,主要分布在盆地南部,单层厚度15～30 m（最厚处超过40 m）,含油率5%～10%。延长组沉积时是鄂尔多斯盆地发育的鼎盛时期,长7期湖盆范围达到最大。通过对长7油页岩分布与沉积相展布关系的研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地油页岩的分布受沉积环境的控制作用显著,深湖-半深湖相沉积环境下形成的油页岩,具有含油率高、厚度大和分布范围广的特点。长7油页岩资源丰富,油页岩资源量为10 476 亿t,而且盆地构造相对简单,开发条件优越。因此,鄂尔多斯盆地长7油页岩具有广阔的勘探开发前景。 相似文献
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新疆博格达山北麓油页岩成因类型及有利区预测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
博格达山北麓油页岩资源储量巨大且发现已久,但研究程度较低。油页岩赋存于上二叠统芦草沟组,主要形成于深湖相高水位体系域,属于低含油率高灰分油页岩。根据样品有机元素分析及热解分析数据,采用交汇图解法分析油页岩成因类型主要为腐泥型（Ⅰ型）和腐殖腐泥型（Ⅱ1型）;晚二叠世芦草沟期,三工河地区为该区的沉积中心,油页岩资源量大,含油率高,且开采条件简单,是进一步勘探和开发的最有利地区。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献