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1.
为研究冻土在不同温度下的弹性模量退化与动力特佂,通过对不同负温条件下冻土试样进行循环加、卸载试验,获得其在动荷载作用下的应力-应变滞回曲线与疲劳损伤寿命。按照疲劳寿命与应力幅之间的关系确定了冻土在不同温度下的疲劳损伤参数。根据冻土的弹性模量退化规律提出了动弹模衰减控制方程并建立了冻土唯象疲劳损伤模型。根据冻土实测的循环加卸载滞回曲线特征,提出了理想和非理想滞回圈情况下阻尼比联合分析方法;基于Kelvin模型建立了滞回圈演化规律与弹性模量退化及加载时间的数学联系。研究发现：考虑了动弹模衰减影响的唯象疲劳损伤模型描述了冻土的加速疲劳损伤特征;理想滞回与非理想滞回阻尼比联合分析方法考虑滞回圈的实际演化特征;基于弹性模量退化的Kelvin流变模型建立了滞回圈曲线与加、卸载时间的数学联系。 相似文献
2.
干湿循环下花岗岩残积土强度衰减试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
季节性的干湿交替循环作用可使边坡岩土体强度劣化,影响边坡安全性及耐久性。通过室内干湿循环模拟试验,探讨了干湿循环作用下花岗岩残积土抗剪强度随含水率、干湿循环次数的变化规律。试验结果表明:干湿循环下花岗岩残积土黏聚力前期衰减趋势明显,后期衰减趋势减缓,并逐渐趋于稳定;而花岗岩残积土内摩擦角在干湿循环下未呈现明显的变化规律,大小变化不定。在此基础上,采用S型曲线函数对花岗岩残积土强度衰减曲线进行拟合,拟合结果说明S型曲线函数能够较好地体现花岗岩残积土黏聚力随循环次数的衰减规律。研究成果对进一步揭示干湿循环下闽东南地区花岗岩残积土强度劣化机理具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
《福建地质》2020,(2)
花岗岩风化残积土作为一种特殊的土体类型,保留了母岩的部分结构构造特征,由于矿物成分的风化,使其具有部分黏土的工程特征,有部分砂砾土的工程特征。依托福州市鼓楼区榕发—乌山郡筑路机械厂地块岩土工程勘察,对场区内花岗岩残积土的物理力学性质进行分析,并采取室内三轴试验和原位测试的方法对其工程特性进行研究。研究表明场地内花岗岩残积土在风化过程中,仍保留了母岩的部分构造特征,增强了花岗岩残积土受外荷载时的抗变形能力;长石等矿物风化成的次生矿物主要为高岭土,对花岗岩的粗颗粒具有一定的胶结作用,加强了颗粒间的结合度,使其抗剪强度有所增加。场区内标贯试验表明,随着深度的增加,标贯击数也不断增加,花岗岩残积土的风化是由上至下的过程;利用平板载荷试验,场地内花岗岩残积土的极限荷载为740 kPa,由此可以反演出土体的强度和变形参数。 相似文献
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花岗岩残积土属区域性特殊土,一般具有较强的结构性,准确获得其力学参数是进行基坑等工程设计的前提条件。针对广州地区花岗岩残积土,开展系列力学特性试验研究,包括压板载荷试验、标贯试验以及室内侧限压缩、直剪等常规试验,基于试验结果得到工程中常用的花岗岩残积土力学参数,并进行对比分析及验证。结果表明,由花岗岩残积土室内直剪试验强度参数（黏聚力c、内摩擦角 ）计算得到的地基极限承载力以及由室内侧限压缩试验得到的花岗岩残积土变形参数均明显小于实测值;由压板载荷试验反算得到的花岗岩残积土c、 和变形模量E50计算p-s曲线结果与实测结果较为吻合;由标贯试验结果得到的花岗岩残积土E50则与由压板载荷试验得到的E50结果接近,说明压板载荷试验、标贯试验可作为花岗岩残积土力学参数的合理确定方法之一。 相似文献
5.
花岗岩残积土属区域性特殊土,一般具有较强的结构性,准确获得其力学参数是进行基坑等工程设计的前提条件。针对广州地区花岗岩残积土,开展系列力学特性试验研究,包括压板载荷试验、标贯试验以及室内侧限压缩、直剪等常规试验,基于试验结果得到工程中常用的花岗岩残积土力学参数,并进行对比分析及验证。结果表明,由花岗岩残积土室内直剪试验强度参数(黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ)计算得到的地基极限承载力以及由室内侧限压缩试验得到的花岗岩残积土变形参数均明显小于实测值;由压板载荷试验反算得到的花岗岩残积土c、φ和变形模量E_(50)计算p-s曲线结果与实测结果较为吻合;由标贯试验结果得到的花岗岩残积土E_(50)则与由压板载荷试验得到的E_(50)结果接近,说明压板载荷试验、标贯试验可作为花岗岩残积土力学参数的合理确定方法之一。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
花岗岩残积工作为一种特殊土,在我国东南地区分布广泛,但其特殊的结构特性使得该类土体的工程事故频发。针对广东省肇庆市播植县某边坡残积土进行了一系列三轴试验,研究结构性花岗岩残积土在三轴应力状态时的应变和孔压变化特征,以及结构性花岗岩残积土的剪切结构性屈服特性,为相关工程提供借鉴。三轴压缩试验分别针对原状土、重塑正常固结土和重塑超固结土,试验结果表明,原状土和重塑超固结土均表现出一定的结构性,排水剪切时均表现出明显的剪胀性,应力-应变曲线均表现出应变软化,不排水剪切的超静孔压均为先增大后减小,但原状土超静孔压减小的幅度更大;超固结土的不排水抗剪强度符合SHANSEP理论,试验常数Λ_0为0.67;重塑正常固结土的归一化刚度随着加载的进行缓慢减小,ε_1=15%左右时完全屈服;原状土和重塑超固结土的归一化刚度曲线不能重合,分别于ε_1=1.5%和ε_1=1%左右发生结构性屈服,并且均在ε_1=15%左右发生整体破坏,围压越大,结构性土的刚度曲线变化规律越接近于扰动土。 相似文献
7.
利用压力板仪装置开展不同竖向应力、不同干湿循环次数和不同类型原状土(残积黏性土和残积砂质黏性土)的SWCC曲线试验研究, 比较和分析未考虑体积变化和考虑体积变化的土体SWCC滞回圈面积以及进气值和出气值的变化规律。研究结果表明传统方法获取的SWCC曲线会高估土体抵御变形的能力, 试验条件变化引起土体内部结构调整是SWCC曲线发生变化的内在原因; 高应力水平条件下, 土体孔隙变化显著, 导致吸湿过程SWCC变化明显, 吸湿和脱湿路径时SWCC形状的不平等变化促使彼此间更为接近, 这种变化会减小SWCC滞后性随有效应力水平的变化。最后, 根据试验数据对3类SWCC修正公式进行拟合优度分析, 结合模型参数的简洁性, 得出修正VG模型最符合闽东南地区原状残积土的SWCC建模。研究成果可为残积土边坡的工程特性及治理提供有意义的参考。 相似文献
8.
土的量化记忆模型及其参数确定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
土的真非线性分析要求追踪应力-应变历史,寻求滞回圈上应力-应变的瞬时切线模量。由于地震荷载的随机性,实际土体的应力-应变历史轨迹非常复杂。基于传统模型的骨架曲线和滞回圈表达式进行这类分析的难度很大。作者介绍的量化记忆模型是为土的动力真非线性分析提出的,它是将单调加载情况下呈非线性变化的切线模量量化,记忆为一种分段线性分布的几何结构,并通过对这种结构加以变换,以描述循环加载情况下具有滞回特性土料的动应力-应变关系。在试验的基础上,运用非线性最小二乘法,确定了量化记忆模型中的 , , , , , 6个参数,并将量化记忆模型生成的应力-应变关系曲线与试验曲线进行了比较。结果表明,量化记忆模型是有效可行的。 相似文献
9.
本文在详细介绍了闽南三角地区花岗岩风化残积土土体结构及土石性质特征的基础上,论述了本区花岗岩风化残积土斜坡的结构类型、天然斜坡特征及天然地质斜坡环境,并对花岗岩残积土斜坡的稳定性进行区域性的一般评价。 相似文献
10.
残积土作为一种特殊土,其工程地质性质往往因母岩类型、地质环境及风化条件的不同差异很大。该文通过对野外资料、室内试验及原位测试等手段所获得的大量数据的整理分析,对日照市区花岗岩残积土的工程地质性质进行了初步研究,论述了日照市区花岗岩残积土的成因、分布、工程地质性质以及工程建设中残积土利用的问题。在残积土物理、力学性质试验的基础上,结合当地的工程实践经验,提出了花岗岩残积土的压缩模量（Es）、地基承载力特征值（fak）等物理力学指标的建议值,为日照市城市建设的发展提供了一定的地质依据。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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16.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献