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本刊通讯员 《物探化探计算技术》1990,(4)
中国地质学会勘查地球化学专业委员会于1990年11月2日至6日在中国地质大学(武汉)召开了第四届勘查地球化学学术讨论会暨庆祝专委会成立十周年大会。与会代表250余人,分别来自地矿、冶金、有色、能源、环境保护和有关大专院校等系统。会议收到论文(摘要)264篇,在大会和分组会议上进行了广泛地交流和讨论。这些论文涉及到勘查地球化学的各个领域,包括勘查地球化学的一般问题、区域地球化学勘查、矿区地球化学勘查、金矿地球化学勘查、能源地球化学勘查、环境地球化学勘查、勘查地球 相似文献
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2011年11月1日,中国地质学会在北京颁发第十三届青年地质科技奖,经过资格审查、专家评审、常务理事会议审批、网上公示等程序,共评出金锤奖10名,银锤奖40名。由中国地质学会矿床地质专业委员会推荐、中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所谢桂青研究员成为10名金锤奖获奖者之一,中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所肖都高级工程师获银锤奖。 相似文献
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勘查地球化学诞生于20世纪30年代初期,经历了80年的发展,已经成为一门重要的地球化学分支科学,为矿产勘查做出了巨大贡献。本文对勘查地球化学过去80年发展历程的标志性事件进行了回顾;对勘查地球化学基础理论研究进展和对矿产发现做出的贡献进行了概括总结;对近年勘查地球化学最为活跃的研究领域进行了简要介绍。在20世纪70年代以前勘查地球化学作为一门独立学科已经形成,它的标志性事件是经典教科书的出版、勘查地球化学专业设立、勘查地球化学杂志的创刊、国际勘查地球化学家协会成立和勘查地球化学学术会议定期召开。在基础理论研究方面体现在局部地球化学分散模型和区域分布模式的建立。一些国家大规模区域或国家地球化学调查或填图计划的实施,为全球3次批量矿床发现作出了巨大贡献。近些年勘查地球化学最为活跃的研究领域集中在:(1)在微观尺度上,从纳米水平和分子水平研究化学元素的分散和迁移机理,发展覆盖区找矿的地球化学技术;(2)在区域尺度上,继续开展区域地球化学调查或填图理论与技术研究,为成矿带地球化学评价和靶区圈定提供高质量数据和图件;(3)在全球尺度上,致力于全球地球化学基准建立,为了解全球化学元素分布背景、过去地球化学演化和预测未来全球化学变化提供定量评价标尺。 相似文献
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中国地质学会勘查地球化学专业委员会1988年8月4日在秦皇岛举办的地球化学异常评价学习班于8月23日结束。学习班历时20天,共有125人参加了学习、交流。其中地矿部系统46人,有色系统24人,冶金系统24人,核工业系统21人,黄金部队5人, 相似文献
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油气地球化学勘查中的分析测试技术和方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
回顾了油气地球化学勘查在中国石油工业发展历史中的作用和贡献,分析了其现状和发展前景;总结和介绍了油气地球化学勘查中的常见分析测试技术和方法,在油气资源调查工作中的优势、应用范围及其发展趋势;并在此基础上提出对我国油气地球化学勘查研究工作的四点建议：立足理论研究,开拓应用技术;大力开展海洋油气资源勘查的室内外地球化学分析测试技术研究;积极构建管理和技术平台,整合地球化学勘查技术和数据资源;协调开展综合油气勘查工作. 相似文献
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勘查植物地球化学是通过分析植物器官来获取成矿元素信息的地球化学方法。我国学者在干旱荒漠区、森林沼泽区、半干旱和湿润半湿润中低山景观区开展了系统的勘查植物地球化学试验,厘定了一批适用于勘查植物地球化学调查的植物,为该方法的推广及应用奠定了良好基础。今后应进一步加强对勘查植物地球化学异常产生的机理、勘查植物地球化学数据库及指南建立、勘查植物地球化学异常遥感应用等方面的研究,更好地利用勘查植物地球化学方法服务矿产勘查工作。 相似文献
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从勘查地球化学到应用地球化学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
勘查地球化学是在20世纪从一门探矿技术发展成一门年轻的地学分支科学.进入21世纪,它可能为解决资源与环境关键问题做出许多从事勘查地球化学工作的人都未预料到的重大贡献.由于它的发展今后可能超越它原有的局限,因而称之为应用地球化学更符合它的发展方向.应用地球化学是尚未成形的一门科学.它是许多化学家、地球化学家、地质学家、物理学家、数学家、农学家与环境学家的多学科学术活动.由此产生了一种国际学术杂志“应用地球化学(appliedgeochemistry)”,但应用地球化学的研究成果散见于许多杂志,还没有一个学术团体以此命名.因而,国际勘查地球化学家协会大可借此机会改名为应用地球化学家协会,以便吸收多学科的人才,为解决人类资源与环境中关键问题共同努力.周期表上所有元素不同尺度不同性质的地球化学图已成为解决资源与环境关键问题的最重要的基础图件.勘查地球化学家多年研究地球化学填图的思路与方法可以帮助其它学科扩大视野,而多学科的融合将使改名为应用地球化学的勘查地球化学的研究得以更深入的发展. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献