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1.
本文对四种常见的矿物压力计（角闪石全铝压力计、黑云母压力计、榍石压力计和“石英”压力计）的适用性进行了经验性检验。基于国内外典型钙碱性长英质岩体的矿物化学和全岩化学成分数据,采用不同压力计估算岩体侵位压力,并与角闪石全铝压力计结果对比。结果表明：角闪石六次配位Al压力计与广泛使用的角闪石全铝压力计的估算值存在系统相关性;榍石压力计计算的压力与角闪石全铝压力计的估计结果相关性较为显著;基于Qtz—Ab—Or简并花岗岩体系的“石英”压力计可以用于估计准铝质—弱过铝质钙碱性（狭义）花岗岩的结晶压力。但是,经验性的黑云母压力计和基于实验数据的黑云母压力压计均不能很好地复现角闪石全铝压力计的结果。黑云母压力计不适用于估算钙碱性侵入岩的结晶压力。 相似文献
2.
钙碱性火成岩的角闪石全铝压力计
——回顾、评价和应用实例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
定量地获得岩体结晶时的压力,对于探讨其剥蚀深度及了解造山带的构造热演化史等方面有重要意义。对于钙碱性侵入岩而言,可以应用角闪石全铝压力计对钙碱性火成岩结晶压力进行估计。对于不同角闪石压力计公式的选择,前提是满足它们各自的适用条件,否则所得结果没有意义。角闪石全铝压力计不能用于估算A型花岗岩的结晶压力,更不能用于计算变质岩的变质压力。对于结晶温度低于750℃的钙碱性中酸性岩体而言,Anderson和Smith(1995)的温度校正意义不大。Ridolfi等(2010)提出的指数关系角闪石压力计公式适用于钙碱性火山岩中角闪石斑晶的结晶压力估算。Uchida等(2007)的黑云母全铝压力计缺乏理论和实验基础,不建议使用。应用角闪石全铝压力计所得到薛家石梁—黑山寨复式岩体侵位深度的区域变化,指示了云蒙山变质核杂岩下盘的掀斜;低角度正断层(拆离断层)可以通过高角度正断层的掀斜旋转而形成。 相似文献
3.
花岗岩中常用压力计的应用评述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文简要讨论了花岗岩中常用压力计的应用限制条件和误差。对于钙碱性花岗岩推荐使用角闪石全铝压力计;对低
压矿化岩体建议使用黑云母全铝压力计即可;奥长环斑花岗岩中可应用富铁斜方辉石-铁橄榄石-石英组合压力计;存在两
种长石和石英平衡共结的花岗岩可利用Q-Ab-Or-H2O相图获得它们的共结压力。花岗岩矿物中流体包裹体的内压可以通过
热力学状态方程或者拉曼光谱获得;特殊的岩浆矿物如绿帘石有时候也可以指示岩浆结晶时所处的最低压力。此外,通过
THERMOCALC计算的视剖面是约束共生矿物组合及熔体形成温压条件的最后方法。 相似文献
4.
《地学前缘》2021,(3)
尾亚—天湖地区位于新疆中亚造山带东南部的中天山地块内,晚古生代—中生代岩浆活动强烈,产出了战略性关键矿产尾亚钒铁磁铁矿。在详细岩相学观察的基础上,对尾亚、天湖和沙泉子南岩体中的角闪石和黑云母进行了电子探针(EMPA)测试分析,限定了 3个岩体结晶的温压条件、氧逸度、含水量和含铁指数等要素,为解析中天山地块的岩浆-成矿物化条件及其区域找矿勘查工作提供参考。测试结果表明,该区花岗岩类中的角闪石富镁、钙、钠,贫钾,属于钙角闪石族;黑云母有高镁、钛、铝、钾和低硅、钠的特征为镁质黑云母。角闪石和黑云母的化学成分揭示其寄主岩浆为钙碱性造山带岩系,具有壳幔混源的特征,推测可能是板块俯冲背景下由地幔楔与大陆地壳物质混熔形成。根据角闪石-黑云母矿物温压计,估算出沙泉子南石英闪长岩的结晶温度为651～753℃,压力为31～79 MPa,尾亚二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩的结晶温度为762～833℃,压力为85～215 MPa,天湖花岗闪长岩的结晶温度为668～812℃,压力为31～117 MPa。3个岩体岩浆结晶时的氧逸度lgf (O_2)范围为-15.7～-9.4,而且在角闪石结晶时岩浆具有较高的含水量。综合分析,认为该区的花岗岩类具有高温、低压、高氧逸度、富水和高含铁指数的特点,有利于Fe等成矿元素在流体中富集,具有良好的铁矿成矿条件。进一步利用角闪石-黑云母压力计,计算了花岗岩类岩体的侵位深度,从而估算出岩体的剥蚀程度处于2.2～5.5 km,且区域的隆升剥蚀量差异明显;结合现有的矿产地表展布特征,推测天湖岩体一带深部仍具有较好的铁矿找矿潜力。 相似文献
5.
尾亚—天湖地区位于新疆中亚造山带东南部的中天山地块内,晚古生代—中生代岩浆活动强烈,产出了战略性关键矿产尾亚钒铁磁铁矿。在详细岩相学观察的基础上,对尾亚、天湖和沙泉子南岩体中的角闪石和黑云母进行了电子探针(EMPA)测试分析,限定了3个岩体结晶的温压条件、氧逸度、含水量和含铁指数等要素,为解析中天山地块的岩浆-成矿物化条件及其区域找矿勘查工作提供参考。测试结果表明,该区花岗岩类中的角闪石富镁、钙、钠,贫钾,属于钙角闪石族;黑云母有高镁、钛、铝、钾和低硅、钠的特征为镁质黑云母。角闪石和黑云母的化学成分揭示其寄主岩浆为钙碱性造山带岩系,具有壳幔混源的特征,推测可能是板块俯冲背景下由地幔楔与大陆地壳物质混熔形成。根据角闪石-黑云母矿物温压计,估算出沙泉子南石英闪长岩的结晶温度为651~753 ℃,压力为31~79 MPa,尾亚二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩的结晶温度为762~833 ℃,压力为85~215 MPa,天湖花岗闪长岩的结晶温度为668~812 ℃,压力为31~117 MPa。3个岩体岩浆结晶时的氧逸度lgf(O2)范围为-15.7~-9.4,而且在角闪石结晶时岩浆具有较高的含水量。综合分析,认为该区的花岗岩类具有高温、低压、高氧逸度、富水和高含铁指数的特点,有利于Fe等成矿元素在流体中富集,具有良好的铁矿成矿条件。进一步利用角闪石-黑云母压力计,计算了花岗岩类岩体的侵位深度,从而估算出岩体的剥蚀程度处于2.2~5.5 km,且区域的隆升剥蚀量差异明显;结合现有的矿产地表展布特征,推测天湖岩体一带深部仍具有较好的铁矿找矿潜力。 相似文献
6.
胶东郭家岭岩体固结冷却轨迹与隆升剥蚀 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
胶东郭家岭岩体位于华北克拉通东南缘,其详细的冷却固结条件缺乏系统研究,而对岩体形成与金矿之间的关系也存在争议。本文利用岩浆锆饱和温度计、角闪石全铝压力计、角闪石-斜长石温度计、角闪石-黑云母温压计、二长石温度计,结合已有的锆石U-Pb年龄和角闪石、黑云母40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄,探讨郭家岭岩体的冷却固结史及其隆升机制。花岗岩QAb-Or标准矿物共结压力图解、角闪石全铝压力计及角闪石-黑云母压力计均得到岩体就位压力约4~5kbar。锆饱和温度计、角闪石-斜长石温度计、角闪石-黑云母温度计、二长石温度计所获得温度分别为726~800℃、657~717℃、650~700℃、570~580℃,结合角闪石、黑云母的40Ar-39Ar封闭温度确定了郭家岭岩体最有可能的冷却轨迹。郭家岭岩体(130~126Ma)侵位深度约13±1.6km,侵入郭家岭岩体的艾山岩体(116±2Ma)侵位压力在1kbar左右,对应深度约2.7km,表明郭家岭岩体在约10Myr内,隆升剥蚀量达10km左右。这种快速剥蚀的机制可能与华北东部中生代岩石圈减薄导致的地壳浅部隆升有关。 相似文献
7.
高压变质作用压力估算的热力学方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
概述了近来提出的估计变质作用压力的几种方法，即金红石－榍石压力计，单斜辉石，石榴石，斜长石，钛铁矿，金红石（榍石）等矿物组合压力计，多硅白云母压力计，硬玉分子压力计方法。 相似文献
8.
杜静国申俊峰刘畅刘海明 《矿物岩石》2014,(2):40-47
胶东西北部中生代白垩纪岩浆活动剧烈,在许多中生代岩浆岩中常见有大量的闪长质包体和中基性岩脉。因此特选取胶东西北部的丛家花岗闪长岩(130Ma)及其岩体中的闪长质包体,和玲珑矿区的闪长岩脉(121Ma^96Ma)进行角闪石、黑云母和副矿物磷灰石、榍石的成因分析。发现角闪石均属钙质角闪石系列的浅闪石,镁指数M*在0.5~0.7之间,而黑云母均为镁质黑云母,镁指率大于0.45。结合这两种矿物的TiO2-Al2O3、MgO-FeO/(FeO+MgO)成分特点,认为其寄主岩石应源于壳幔混合作用,并且副矿物磷灰石、榍石也具壳幔特征。值得强调的是,角闪石、黑云母Mg含量较高,所以可能形成于壳幔作用较深源区。通过角闪石-黑云母矿物对温度图谱和黑云母全铝压力计进行成岩温压和深度计算,结果显示:花岗闪长岩、闪长质包体、闪长岩脉的形成温压和深度分别为:625℃~650℃,86MPa,3.24km;700℃,95MPa^118MPa,3.66km^4.17km;700℃~750℃,96MPa^111MPa,3.59km^4.45km;可以看出花岗闪长岩、闪长质包体、闪长岩脉均具壳幔混合特征,并且成岩物理条件相近,加上成岩年龄接近,所以三者可能是同一时期经过相同地质作用形成的产物。 相似文献
9.
胶东丛家花岗闪长岩体与玲珑金矿闪长岩脉的矿物特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胶东西北部中生代白垩纪岩浆活动剧烈,在许多中生代岩浆岩中常见有大量的闪长质包体和中基性岩脉。因此特选取胶东西北部的丛家花岗闪长岩(130Ma)及其岩体中的闪长质包体,和玲珑矿区的闪长岩脉(121Ma~96Ma)进行角闪石、黑云母和副矿物磷灰石、榍石的成因分析。发现角闪石均属钙质角闪石系列的浅闪石,镁指数M*在0.5~0.7之间,而黑云母均为镁质黑云母,镁指率大于0.45。结合这两种矿物的TiO2-Al2O3、MgO-FeO/(FeO+MgO)成分特点,认为其寄主岩石应源于壳幔混合作用,并且副矿物磷灰石、榍石也具壳幔特征。值得强调的是,角闪石、黑云母Mg含量较高,所以可能形成于壳幔作用较深源区。通过角闪石-黑云母矿物对温度图谱和黑云母全铝压力计进行成岩温压和深度计算,结果显示:花岗闪长岩、闪长质包体、闪长岩脉的形成温压和深度分别为:625℃~650℃,86MPa,3.24km;700℃,95MPa~118MPa,3.66km~4.17km;700℃~750℃,96MPa~111MPa,3.59km~4.45km;可以看出花岗闪长岩、闪长质包体、闪长岩脉均具壳幔混合特征,并且成岩物理条件相近,加上成岩年龄接近,所以三者可能是同一时期经过相同地质作用形成的产物。 相似文献
10.
华南印支期弱过铝质和强过铝质花岗岩中黑云母的矿物化学及其岩石成因制约 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
华南印支期岩浆活动强烈,并形成了大量的花岗质岩石,按矿物组合可将其分为含典型过铝质矿物白云母、电气石、黄玉的强过铝质花岗岩(SPG)和含角闪石、黑云母等镁铁质矿物,而缺乏典型过铝质矿物的弱过铝质花岗岩(WPG)两大类。黑云母是花岗岩类岩石中最常见的镁铁质矿物之一,其成分特征可以有效示踪花岗岩的成岩物理-化学条件和源区性质。以赣南印支期龙源坝岩体和湘中白马山岩体为例,对华南印支期花岗岩中两类过铝质岩石的黑云母矿物化学成分进行研究,结果显示WPG中黑云母富镁、贫铝、贫铁,属镁质黑云母,而SPG中黑云母贫镁、富铝、富铁,属铁质黑云母。黑云母平衡结晶温度和氧逸度估算结果显示,WPG比SPG具有更高的岩浆温度和氧逸度。WPG属于壳幔岩浆混合产物,而SPG则来自于接近纯地壳沉积物质部分熔融产物。花岗岩中黑云母的化学成分可以有效判断源区性质,无法单独判断构造背景。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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16.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献