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1.
冈底斯中段早侏罗世辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩体成因及其对新特提斯构造演化的启示:以日喀则东嘎岩体为例 总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4
以冈底斯中段日喀则东嘎出露的早侏罗世辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩体为对象,进行了锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素,以及全岩元素地球化学组成的系统测定,据此探讨了岩石的成因及其对新特提斯构造演化的启示。该杂岩体中辉长岩主要由角闪石和钙质斜长石组成,缺乏辉石;花岗岩主要为英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等构成的TTG岩石组合;花岗岩中普遍发育呈塑变形态的镁铁质包体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,英云闪长岩和镁铁质包体的成岩年龄十分接近,且与辉长岩的年龄基本一致,均为177~180Ma。化学组成上,辉长岩低硅、富铝、贫碱,富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素,相似于高铝玄武岩。英云闪长岩贫碱、准铝、富钠,属钙碱性I型花岗岩。镁铁质包体具有与寄主岩相似的矿物组成和微量元素分布模式,二者均具有显著亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)值分别为+11.4~+15.0和+14.4~+18.6。综合分析表明,早侏罗世冈底斯南缘应处于新特提斯洋板片俯冲的构造背景,其中辉长质侵入体为遭受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物,花岗质岩石起源于初生地壳的部分熔融,镁铁质包体为辉长质岩浆与花岗质岩浆二者经混合作用的产物。结合对区内其它辉长质侵入体及相关镁铁质包体资料的全面分析,表明在新特提斯洋板片的整个俯冲过程中(205~40Ma),冈底斯南缘应存在多次的基性岩浆底侵及其诱发的壳幔岩浆混合作用。 相似文献
2.
西藏冈底斯仁布-拉萨一带花岗岩基的地球化学及其意义 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
冈底斯岩基记录了特提斯洋壳俯冲消减过渡到印度与亚洲大陆碰撞的深部过程,可以反演壳幔相互作用和高原地壳加厚的历史。本文对冈底斯岩基中段的仁布岩体和拉萨岩体进行了系统的元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年与Hf同位素研究。本文测年结果为82～45Ma,仁布岩体和拉萨岩体年龄为晚白垩纪到早第三纪。岩石为含有辉长质和闪长质包体的中酸性花岗岩类,岩石类型复杂。岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,稀土元素总量较低,具有高场强元素的负异常;Sr-Nd-Pb同位素成分表明新特提斯洋地幔端元的较大贡献,岩石具有亏损的Nd同位素和年轻的地幔模式年龄(εNd=-1.5～3.3,tDM=0.5～1.2)和较大变化范围的正的锆石Hf同位素成分(6个ε单位),表明岩石源区中亏损地幔占有较大贡献,冈底斯岩基显示初生地壳特征。本文进一步揭示出,冈底斯岩基中段存在岩浆底侵与岩浆混合作用,大规模的幔源基性岩浆底侵,不仅导致之后经过岩浆混合形成的花岗岩岩基具有初生陆壳成分,同时也是导致冈底斯南部地壳垂向加厚与增生的重要因素。 相似文献
3.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2017,(1)
通过对福建紫金山地区不同岩石样品中岩浆锆石的SIMS U-Pb年龄和Hf、O同位素研究,对该地区岩浆序列以及源区组成、壳幔相互作用等进行初步探讨。结果显示,岩石样品中岩浆锆石的年龄(151~1514 Ma)较为分散,包含了从中元古代、震旦纪、早古生代晚期、晚三叠世到晚侏罗世的5个不同岩浆侵入时期。锆石的二阶段Hf亏损地幔模式年龄(t_(DM2)值)主要分布在古元古代,ε_(Hf)(t)数据也显示主要沿基性地壳演化线分布,指示古元古代时期的新生基性地壳可能是研究区中元古代直至晚侏罗世侵入岩形成的主要源区。锆石δ~(18)O及ε_(Hf)(t)值显示中元古代及震旦纪岩浆作用是幔源岩浆与古元古代基性地壳共同作用的结果;早古生代晚期和晚三叠世岩浆作用以壳源为主;至晚侏罗世,亏损地幔物质对岩浆作用的影响增加。 相似文献
4.
黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩的就位时代与东北东部中生代构造演化 总被引：14，自引：22，他引：14
黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩由含放射虫深海沉积岩以及镁铁质的熔岩和侵入岩组成,并被视为大洋壳的残片。该杂岩被晚期蛤蚂河和太平村花岗岩侵入。锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,上述两花岗岩岩体均形成于早白垩世,其中蛤蚂河岩体形成于131、124和～115Ma三个阶段,太平村岩体形成于111～114Ma左右。饶河杂岩中辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为166±1Ma,深海沉积岩中最晚出现的放射虫的时代为160～150Ma,显示饶河杂岩的就位应发生在150～131Ma的晚侏罗世—早白垩世,古地磁资料显示本区自晚三叠世—侏罗纪有明显的从低纬度向高纬度的北移现象：从而表明在晚侏罗世—早白垩世及以前该区存在太平洋板块的俯冲-走滑作用。岩石学研究显示,两花岗岩岩体中均存在岩浆结晶成因的堇青石,并具有过铝质花岗岩的特点,为典型的来源于沉积岩部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩。Hf同位素测定发现,这些花岗岩中的锆石具有较高的~(176) Hf/~(177)Hf同位素比值和较正的ε_(Hf)(t)值,以长英质地壳为源岩的Hf同位素模式年龄为500～780Ma,说明其源岩应为新元古代—显生宙新增生的地壳物质,从而反映在晚侏罗世—早白垩世以前本区曾发生过显著的地壳抬升与风化剥蚀。 相似文献
5.
《地球科学进展》2016,(3)
测定了闽西南地区5件基性岩脉的全岩主微量元素,锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf,O同位素。5件岩脉主要为辉绿岩,其全岩SiO_2含量为45%~53%,稀土元素显示轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式。基性岩脉中大部分锆石具明显振荡环带和扇状环带,为典型岩浆结晶锆石特征。锆石U-Pb年龄(96~2 400 Ma)分布较为分散。除少量锆石年龄(96~142 Ma)可能指示岩脉形成年龄外,其余均为捕获锆石。捕获锆石年龄主要分布在4个范围:早元古代(2 467~1 796 Ma),中晚元古代—震旦纪(1 343~647 Ma),志留纪—晚三叠世(427~225 Ma),晚侏罗世(159~140 Ma)。Hf-O同位素显示早元古代锆石来源于接近球粒陨石均一储库的地幔。中晚元古代以后年龄的锆石其Hf-O同位素均具有亏损地幔岩浆与地壳组分混合的特征;志留纪—晚侏罗世锆石主要来源于S型壳源花岗岩的重熔;早白垩世晚期的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与δ~(18)O值清晰地显示出亏损地幔与地壳岩浆混合的趋势。闽西南基性岩脉中锆石的二阶段Hf亏损地幔模式年龄(TDM2)峰值主要分布在1.6~1.9 Ga,说明早元古代晚期幔源岩浆作用形成的基性岩地壳可能是形成后期花岗岩的主要源区。 相似文献
6.
西藏冈底斯西部江巴、邦巴和雄巴岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素地球化学 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
对青藏高原冈底斯带西部中生代花岗岩的研究依然十分有限。本文选择青藏高原冈底斯带西部狮泉河-革吉-雄巴地区的三个花岗岩基进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素分析,并探讨了中冈底斯带中侏罗世-早白垩世花岗岩的分布特征及其揭示的地壳基底的属性。定年结果表明,江巴岩体花岗闪长岩年龄为170±3Ma,雄巴岩体碱长花岗岩年龄为149±3Ma,它们形成于中晚侏罗世;邦巴岩体寄主岩石正长花岗岩和其中的石英二长闪长岩包体年龄分别为144±3Ma和133±3Ma,形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素和地壳模式年龄结果表明,中晚侏罗世的江巴岩体(εHf(t)为-16.8～-13.4,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为2.1～2.3Ga)与雄巴碱长花岗岩(-11.3～-6.2和1.6～2.0Ga)具有富集的Hf同位素特征,显示了新元古界的地壳基底年龄。邦巴正长花岗岩(-4～-0.8和1.2～1.5Ga)与其中的闪长质包体(-2.8～+0.6和1.2～1.4Ga)具有一致的Hf同位素特征,显示了岩浆混合作用。本文花岗岩定年与Hf同位素结果进一步揭示出中冈底斯带存在未出露地表的古元古代地壳基底。 相似文献
7.
泽当岛弧位于藏南乃东县境内,主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩组成,是晚侏罗世洋壳俯冲的产物。本文对该地区出露的角闪石岩开展了野外地质调查,通过室内SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等研究,探讨了泽当角闪石岩的成因、源区及其与花岗岩的成因关系,获得以下认识:角闪石岩成岩年龄为159.1±7.2 Ma;角闪石岩具有较低Sr含量、较高的Y含量和较低的Sr/Y值,富集MREE;角闪石岩与花岗岩Sr-Nd同位素特征一致,角闪石岩~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (t)值(0.704 0～0.704 5)较低,εNd (t)值变化范围为+5.5～+6.1。结合前人研究认为,泽当岛弧的英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩均来自地幔楔部分熔融作用。英云闪长岩为相对原始的岩浆,在角闪石分离结晶作用未结束前,先从岩浆房中分离出来;残余岩浆继续发生角闪石分离结晶作用,导致Sr/Y值进一步升高和Cr、Ni、MREE含量进一步降低。因此,角闪石的分离结晶作用是泽当岛弧高Sr/Y花岗岩形成的关键因素。 相似文献
8.
东南沿海地区发育具有"等同位素组成"特征的晚中生代双峰式火成岩,其成因备受争论。本文选择了福建省平潭岛双峰式杂岩体中的花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩与花岗岩开展了高精度锆石U-Pb定年、原位O-Hf同位素和黑云母矿物化学方面的研究,以探讨这些花岗质岩石的成因。分析结果显示,花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩与花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为116.8±1.0Ma、116.3±1.0Ma与117.4±1.0Ma,表明它们均侵位于早白垩世。这三类岩石也有较为相似的锆石O-Hf同位素组成。其中,锆石的δ18O分别变化为4.6%~5.3‰、4.8%~5.3‰及5.0%~5.6‰,与地幔的O同位素值基本一致。锆石的εHf(t)变化范围分别为+2.0^+7.1、+2.8^+6.5及+1.8^+5.6,相应的两阶段模式年龄tDM2分别为741~1046Ma、754~995Ma及815~1058Ma。锆石O-Hf同位素数据反映其熔融源区主要为相对较年轻的地壳物质,来自华夏地块古老基底的贡献较少。另外,黑云母矿物化学暗示这三类岩石具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。但是,黑云母种属在不同岩性间存在差异,其中花岗闪长岩与英云闪长岩中的黑云母为镁质类型,花岗岩中的黑云母为铁质类型。从花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩到花岗岩,黑云母的结晶温度和岩浆体系的氧逸度均逐渐降低,这与钙碱性岩浆分异演化的趋势基本一致。结合前人研究资料及区域地质演化历程,我们认为平潭岛杂岩体中的花岗质岩石形成于古太平洋俯冲背景,其熔融源区主要为新增生地壳物质。花岗质岩石内部岩性的差别主要是母岩浆经历不同程度分异演化的结果。我们的研究结果暗示壳幔岩浆混合在东南沿海早白垩世长英质岩石形成过程中所具有的作用可能较为有限。 相似文献
9.
东昆仑祁漫塔格大岔沟地区晚三叠世侵入岩岩性主要为中细粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,二长花岗岩的形成年龄为(233±2)Ma,属晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征上,里特曼指数σ为0.85~2.59,为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列;相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb和K,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P和Ti等元素;轻稀土元素明显富集,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,具有较强的Eu负异常;花岗岩含角闪石且SiO_2与P_2O_5具明显负相关性,指示其属I型花岗岩。二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为–10.36~+1.6,二阶段Hf模式年龄变化范围为1164~1922 Ma,可能主要由中元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成,并有少量古元古代地壳物质和幔源物质加入,岩浆在演化过程中存在分离结晶作用。综合分析认为大岔沟地区晚三叠世可能处于碰撞-后碰撞转换阶段,加厚地壳的拆沉作用导致幔源岩浆底侵下地壳,使其部分熔融形成区内侵入岩。 相似文献
10.
西藏打加错晚三叠世安山质岩浆作用的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
青藏高原南部拉萨地体晚三叠世-早侏罗世时期岩浆活动的地球动力学背景仍是尚待解决的一个重要科学问题。本文报道了南部拉萨地体西部打加错地区新发现的安山玢岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学数据。打加错安山玢岩主要由蚀变细粒斜长石、辉石和角闪石组成。2件样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为204±4Ma和203±2Ma,表明打加错地区在晚三叠世发生了安山质岩浆活动。结合近期报道的打加错地区辉石角闪二长闪长岩的年龄(207.3±3.6Ma)记录,表明南部拉萨地体西部打加错地区发生了晚三叠世岩浆活动。2件安山玢岩的锆石εHf(t)值多为正值(分别为-2.2~+8.8和-2.0~+10.7),可比于南部拉萨地体中东部其它地区同期岩浆记录的Hf同位素成分(如:工布江达南部203Ma正长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)为-4.9~+2.7;日喀则东部约205Ma二长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)为+11.9~+15.8),这表明南部拉萨地体晚三叠世岩浆活动从东工布江达向西延伸到打加错一带,东西延伸约800km。打加错地区2件安山玢岩样品(SiO2=56.1%~59.0%)以较低Mg#(45.8~48.7)和Al2O3含量(16.4%~17.0%)为特征,属于偏铝质钾玄质-高钾钙碱性火山岩。本文获得的新数据,结合最近报道的早侏罗世桑日群岩浆活动记录以及打加错地区上三叠统地层研究新进展,本文更赞成打加错地区和南部拉萨地体其它地区的晚三叠世岩浆活动形成于与班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲有关的弧后环境。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献