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1.
山东省长清县中寒武统张夏组的微相组分、微相类型及沉积相分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山东省长清县中寒武统的张夏-崮山剖面为华北地区张夏组的正层型剖面,其岩石地层、生物地层研究都较为成熟.从碳酸盐岩微相的角度,对其微相组分、微相类型和沉积环境作了进一步研究.在张夏-崮山地区的张夏组碳酸盐岩中识别出了6种微相类型:异地生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、附枝藻黏结灰岩、具再搬运鲕粒的粒泥-泥粒灰岩、含介壳及完整底栖化石的泥粒-粒泥灰岩、放射状鲕粒泥粒-粒泥灰岩和同心圆状鲕粒颗粒灰岩.微相类型的垂向叠覆及野外露头观察指示了5种沉积相带,自下而上分别为:局限台地鲕粒滩相、开阔台地海相、台地边缘鲕粒滩相、台地边缘藻礁相及台地边缘滩前斜坡相,表明山东省长清县张夏组为典型的镶边型碳酸盐岩台地沉积. 相似文献
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《地球化学》2016,(1)
海相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成具有显著的古海洋学意义,其组成具有随时间变化的长期趋势,但不同沉积环境中古海水碳氧同位素组成的异同仍存在争议并需要进一步深入研究。本文测试了四川盆地东部开江-梁平海槽东侧孤立台地内的四川宣汉渡口剖面飞仙关组及相邻地层133件海相碳酸盐岩样品的碳氧同位素组成,对比研究了海槽西侧作为镶边陆棚沉积的华蓥/邻水仰天窝剖面对应地层样品的碳氧同位素组成。研究表明,孤立碳酸盐台地和镶边陆棚飞仙关组具有非常类似的碳同位素组成和演化趋势,并与对应时间全球海水碳同位素演化趋势一致,显示全球事件是海水碳同位素组成的主要控制因素。然而,开江-梁平海槽东侧孤立碳酸盐台地和西侧镶边陆棚飞仙关组的氧同位素组成并不完全一致,存在如下共性和个性:(1)两种台地类型飞仙关组的氧同位素组成都显示出类似的变化样式,即从二叠-三叠纪界线附近δ~(18)O的低值演化至其余时间相对稳定的氧同位素组成,曲线主体氧同位素组成也具有类似的变化幅度;(2)两种台地类型飞仙关组底部地层中都检测到氧同位素组成非常低的样品,它们可能不完全是成岩蚀变的结果,如可能与界线附近广泛的热事件有关,但仍需要数据的进一步积累以及更多剖面高分辨率年代框架内氧同位素的对比研究;(3)孤立台地内碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O显著低于镶边陆棚,差值达到1‰左右,由此换算的古海水温度差值大致在4℃左右,显示孤立台地内部具有更高的碳酸盐形成温度;(4)孤立台地存在一些氧同位素组成较正、且显著偏离演化曲线主体的样品,其高δ~(18)O值的原因除白云石-水和方解石-水具有不同的氧同位素分馏系数以外,同时还反映海槽东侧孤立台地内部飞仙关组沉积时海水具有较高的盐度。开江-梁平海槽东西两侧氧同位素组成的差别表明东侧孤立碳酸盐台地内海水比西侧镶边陆棚内具有更高的温度和盐度,海水循环更受限制,台内海水更具有白云石化作用的潜力,这不仅造成东侧台地内飞仙关组发育更多的与萨布哈模式有关的准同生白云岩,还会通过回流作用或台内热对流作用造成台地边缘滩相颗粒岩的白云石化,这使得开江-梁平海槽东侧的滩相颗粒岩更可能成为质量较好的颗粒白云岩储层。 相似文献
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西藏改则县热那错东沟剖面上三叠统卡尼阶至瑞替阶日干配错组沉积了厚度较大的碳酸盐岩地层,其中化石丰富。在碳酸盐岩中识别出11种主要的岩石类型：灰泥灰岩﹑含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑颗粒灰岩、藻颗粒灰岩、多种类型鲕粒灰岩、单一类型鲕粒灰岩、球粒泥粒灰岩和生物礁灰岩。根据岩石特征及组合类型可划分为5种沉积相：陆源碎屑滨岸相、局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和台地边缘礁相,它们共同构成了日干配错组4个有序的海侵—海退旋回,整体显现出海侵的相序结构。 相似文献
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巢县二叠系栖霞组臭灰岩段异地成因碳酸盐岩 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
下扬子地区二叠系栖霞组臭灰岩段广泛发育。以巢县为例 ,研究表明组成臭灰岩段的石灰砾岩并非正常沉积。剖面特征 ,岩石学、沉积学和地球化学特征的分析结果 ,显示了石灰砾岩的砾石来源于浅海碳酸盐台地 ,它们作为碳酸盐岩碎屑流的产物 ,沿着台地边缘的斜坡 ,被搬运到半深海—斜坡处再沉积。环绕于砾石周围的胶结物和砾岩层之间的薄层硅质粒泥灰岩 ,主要是由等深流沉积物组成。因此 ,臭灰岩段碳酸盐岩主要是异地成因 ,沉积环境属于碳酸盐台地周缘水体较深的斜坡。 相似文献
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湖北长阳资丘二叠纪沉积及演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖北长阳资丘二叠系剖面地层出露良好,特征明显,以碳酸盐岩沉积为主。野外剖面测量和室内微相分析表明,二叠系岩相主要由生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、砂屑灰岩、砾屑灰岩、硅质岩、钙质页岩等组成。根据岩相、古生物化石及碳酸盐岩微相分析,研究区二叠系主要为碳酸盐斜坡、台地和盆地沉积。其中,中二叠世发育碳酸盐斜坡沉积和盆地沉积,晚二叠世发育斜坡沉积、碳酸盐台地和盆地沉积。沉积演化表明,该区二叠纪发生了2次海进—海退旋回:第一次海侵发生在栖霞期,茅口期末结束;第二次始于吴家坪初期,持续到长兴末期。在中二叠统栖霞组下部发现了丰富的遗迹化石Zoophycos,形态及沉积构造研究表明此遗迹化石产生于浪基面以下较深水的碳酸盐岩斜坡环境。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地奥陶纪的碳酸盐岩台地发育有长达3千余千米的台地边缘带。通过综合大量的地震、钻井及野外剖面的分析,奥陶纪碳酸盐岩系中识别出4个以不整合面为界的复合（二级）层序。它们均显示出从上超的水进沉积到进积或加积的高位域的沉积结构。其内可进一步划分出10个沉积层序或三级层序。它们的组合和分布决定着碳酸盐台地沉积层序结构的基本特征。沉积层序的水进早期或高位域晚期以颗粒灰岩、生物灰岩等沉积相组合为主;而水进期或高位域早期则以泥晶-粉晶灰岩、簿层白云质灰岩等沉积相组合为主。古地貌恢复并结合钻井资料的沉积相分析揭示出,盆地东北部早、中奥陶世的碳酸盐岩台地边缘的分布受到满加尔深水凹陷的边缘斜坡带古构造地貌的控制,形成一向西凸的弧形碳酸盐岩台地边缘带,沿台地边缘发育有礁-滩沉积复合体。中奥陶世的构造古地理变革使盆内的碳酸盐岩台地分异成塔中、塔北、塘南等多个孤立台地,并由深水、半深水的凹陷所分隔。台地边缘的发育和分布常受古隆起边缘的控制。沿台地边缘的礁、滩相带为重要的有利储集层发育带。中奥陶统中央隆起带缺失中奥陶世早期和晚奥陶世早期沉积,并形成了大范围分布的喀斯特岩溶不整合面。喀斯特岩溶体系以发育垂向的、由断裂控制的串珠状洞穴和多层状分布的岩溶洞穴为特征。 跨盆地不同构造带的井-震结合解释剖面的追踪对比表明,盆内与二级、三级层序对应的海进-海退旋回是同时变化的,并与Haq的海平面变化曲线可对比。这反映出盆地范围的或全球海平面变化对沉积旋回结构的发育具有控制作用。盆地西缘露头剖面和盆内钻井岩心的碳、氧同位素分析也为海平面变化的旋回结构分析提供了制约。主要海平面下降期的氧同位素δ18O都发生了明显的正偏。盆内晚奥陶世的海平面总体是呈上升趋势的,晚奥陶世中期海平面的上升导致了盆内碳酸盐岩台地的总体淹没。 相似文献
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河南登封地区寒武系第三统张夏组是一套167m厚的碳酸盐岩地层,出露连续且完整,发育以微生物岩主导和以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的两种米级旋回类型。通过对米级旋回的演化及其沉积学和古遗迹学特征分析,张夏组自下而上由以微生物岩主导的米级旋回逐渐让位于以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的米级旋回;沉积体系由无鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地逐渐向发育厚层鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地演化;沉积环境从潮下低能深水演变为开阔台地,并逐渐变浅形成鲕粒滩、局限台地;沉积岩类型从叠层石、凝块石灰岩等微生物岩逐渐变化为生物碎屑灰岩、生物扰动灰岩和含生物扰动鲕粒灰岩。 相似文献
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《新疆地质》2017,(3)
碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素对古气候、古环境及成岩流体示踪具重要的指示意义。通过对羌塘盆地南部昂达尔错地区QZ-11井、QZ-12井布曲组岩心观察、薄片鉴定及碳氧同位素分析,结果表明:研究区布曲组是在炎热、半干旱-半潮湿古气候条件下,在台地边缘礁滩环境发育的一套碳酸盐岩沉积;岩性包括灰岩,白云岩及过渡性岩类,白云岩主要发育在高位体系域晚期台缘浅滩微相中,白云岩包括保留先驱灰岩原始组构的颗粒白云岩、泥微晶白云岩及先驱灰岩原始组构不可见的晶粒白云岩;研究区内的碳酸盐岩δ~(13)C_(PDB)分布范围为1.5‰~4‰,δ18OPDB分布范围为-7.6‰~-12.1‰,其中灰岩的δ~(13)C_(PDB)分布范围为1.5‰~2.9‰,普遍高于同期全球海水碳同位素值,推测可能与高位体系域晚期强蒸发及生物繁盛有关,白云岩和过渡性岩类中δ~(13)C_(PDB)分布范围为1.4‰~4‰,说明为继承先驱灰岩中碳同位素组成,局部可能受到白云石化流体的改造;氧同位素组成虽然普遍低于同期海水值,但白云岩中保留先驱灰岩原始组构的颗粒白云岩氧同位素值仍高于灰岩,表明其形成与蒸发环境有关,而细晶白云岩、中粗晶白云岩氧同位素组成呈逐步降低趋势,表明可能受埋藏阶段温度升高的影响。 相似文献
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华南晚震旦世陡山沱组有机碳同位素地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
晚震旦世扬子地台陡山沱组地层出露较好,沉积环境多变,由浅水区的台地相向深水区的盆地相变化,是最重要的成磷期之一。地层中有著名的"帽"碳酸盐岩沉积和瓮安生物群产出。本研究展示了来自以下几个剖面沉积岩的碳酸盐和与之共生的有机质碳同位素组成:台地相区的贵州瓮安剖面,过 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献