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1.
Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic
stem cells were observed within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8d of hatching. The thymus appeared
after 15d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage
in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones
in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very
important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder. 相似文献
2.
LIUYun JIANGGuoliang ZHANGShicui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):161-165
Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells wereobserved within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder. 相似文献
3.
We describe organogenesis at a histological level in American shad (Alosa sapidissima) larvae from 0 until 45 days after hatching (DAH). Larval development was divided into four stages based on the feeding mode, external morphological features, and structural changes in the organs: stage 1 (0–2 DAH), stage 2 (3–5 DAH), stage 3 (6–26 DAH) and stage 4 (27–45 DAH). At early stage 2 (3 DAH), American shad larvae developed the initial digestive and absorptive tissues, including the mouth and anal opening, buccopharyngeal cavity, oesophagus, incipient stomach, anterior and posterior intestine, differentiated hepatocytes, and exocrine pancreas. The digestive and absorptive capacity developed further in stages 2 to 3, at which time the pharyngeal teeth, taste buds, gut mucosa folds, differentiated stomach, and gastric glands could be observed. Four defined compartments were discernible in the heart at 4 DAH. From 3 to 13 DAH, the excretory systems started to develop, accompanied by urinary bladder opening, the appearance and development of primordial pronephros, and the proliferation and convolution of renal tubules. Primordial gills were detected at 2 DAH, the pseudobranch was visible at 6 DAH, and the filaments and lamellae proliferated rapidly during stage 3. The primordial swim bladder was first observed at 2 DAH and started to inflate at 9 DAH; from then on, it expanded constantly. The spleen was first observed at 8 DAH and the thymus was evident at 12 DAH. From stage 4 onwards, most organs essentially manifested an increase in size, number, and complexity of tissue structure. 相似文献
4.
Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profile of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA. These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed. 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,(5)
Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid(AA) profile of starry flounder,Platichthys stellatus,were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements.Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0,2,4,7,12,17,24 days after hatching(DAH)for analysis.Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH.Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH.Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH.Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth.Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease.High free amino acid(FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs(110.72mg/g dry weight).Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae.Most FAAs(except lysine and methionine) decreased 50%in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae.Changes in the protein amino acid(PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs.Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development,except lysine and phenylalanine.The percentages of free threonine,valine,isoleucine,and leucine decreased until the end of the trial,whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend.A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food(rotifers,Artemia nauplii,and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA.These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food.Moreover,the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed. 相似文献
6.
7.
采用ANAE组化方法(α-醋酸萘酯酶染色法)和ABC免疫组化方法(亲合素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物法)分析了1龄红笛鲷成鱼的胸腺、头肾和脾脏中IgM+细胞(具有免疫球蛋白分子IgM的细胞)、ANAE+ T细胞的分布。结果表明,三个淋巴器官皆有IgM+细胞、ANAE+ T细胞;胸腺皮质区IgM+细胞数量最多,其次是头肾、胸腺髓质区、脾脏;ANAE+ T细胞以脾脏中数量居多,其次是头肾、胸腺髓质区、胸腺皮质区;ANAE+ T细胞在三个器官中多呈均匀分布,而IgM+细胞在血管、胸腺小体、黑色素巨嗜细胞中心等的外周呈密集分布。实验结果进一步证明了胸腺中的T细胞多为不成熟的T细胞,此外,还含有大量的IgM+细胞;而脾脏、头肾内的ANAE+ T细胞多于胸腺,推测胸腺成熟的T淋巴细胞迁移到头肾和脾脏。 相似文献
8.
池养条件下军曹鱼仔鱼的消化道内容物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用光镜解剖观察的方法对池塘培育的1~20日龄军曹鱼仔鱼消化道内容物的种类、数量和大小进行研究。结果显示:军曹鱼仔鱼于2日龄开口,主要摄食桡足类无节幼体和桡足幼体及枝角类;在2~20日龄阶段,桡足类在军曹鱼仔鱼食谱中占据主要成分;从13日龄开始摄食虾、蟹类幼体等大型浮游动物,两个阶段的食物选择性指数存在显著差异。 相似文献
9.
应用Real-time PCR技术,研究脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、苯酚、硫酸铜刺激红笛鲷(Lutjanussanguineus)后非特异性细胞毒性细胞受体(NCCRP-1)基因在不同组织里的表达差异。结果发现,LPS刺激红笛鲷24 h后NCCRP-1在红笛鲷头肾、脾脏、胸腺、肝脏、心脏、脑、肌肉和肠组织中均有表达,其中头肾表达量最高,脾脏次之,然后依次是肝脏、脑、肌肉、胸腺和肠,心脏表达量最少。LPS、苯酚和CuSO4刺激红笛鲷后,随着刺激时间的增长,NCCRP-1表达量在各组织达到峰值的时间不同。以头肾为模式组织,RT-PCR的结果显示,红笛鲷NCCRP-1在LPS、苯酚和CuSO4的刺激下的表达模式相似,随着时间的增加NCCRP-1表达量逐渐增加,分别在24、9、12 h处达到最高,达到对照组的52、30、24倍左右,之后表达量开始下降。免疫组织化学表明,NCCRP-1只在头肾、脾脏和胸腺的特定细胞中表达。 相似文献
10.
A superoxide dismutase was purified from Enteromorpha linza using a simple and safe procedure, which comprised phosphate buffer extraction, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose column, and gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 200 10/300GL. The E. linza superoxide dismutase （E/SOD） was purified 103.6-fold, and a yield of 19.1% and a specific activity of 1 750 U/rag protein were obtained. The SDS-PAGE exhibited E/SOD a single band near 23 kDa and the gel filtration study showed E/SOD＇s molecular weight is near 46 kDa in nondenatured condition, indicating it＇s a homodimeric protein. E/SOD is an iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase （Fe-SOD） because it was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide, insensitive to potassium cyanide. The optimal temperature for its maximal enzyme activity was 35℃, and it still had 29.8% relative activity at 0℃, then E/SOD can be classified as a cold-adapted enzyme. E/SOD was stable when temperature was below 40℃ or the pH was within the range of 5 10. The first 11 N-terminal amino acids orE/SOD were ALELKAPPYEL, comparison of its N-terminal sequence with other Fe-SOD N-terminal sequences at the same position suggests it is possibly a chloroplastic Fe-SOD. 相似文献
11.
The antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo and the effect of the immune system of two fucoidan fractions with low molecular weight and different sulfate content from Laminaria japonica(LMW fucoidans) were investigated in order to examine the possible mechanism. In vitro, I-type influenza virus, adenovirus and Parainfluenza virus I were used to infect Hep-2, Hela and MDCK cells, respectively. And 50% tissue culture infective dose was calculated to detect the antiviral activity of two LMW fucoidans. The results indicated that compared with the control group, 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans had remarkable antiviral activity in vitro in middle and high doses, while at low doses, the antiviral activity of 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans was not statistically different from that in the blank control group. And there was no statistically difference between two LMW fucoidans in antiviral activity. In vivo, LMW fucoidans could prolong the survival time of virus-infected mice, and could improve the lung index of virus-infected mice significantly, which have statistical differences with the control group significantly(p 0.01). However, the survival time of the two LMW fucoidans was not statistically significant(p 0.05). In this study, it was shown that both of two LMW fucoidans(LF1, LF2) could increase the thymus index, spleen index, phagocytic index, phagocytosis coefficient and half hemolysin value in middle and high doses, which suggested that LMW fucoidans could play an antiviral role by improving the quality of immune organs, improving immune cell phagocytosis and humoral immunity. 相似文献
12.
花胚胎发育及仔鱼阶段同工酶的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
<正>鱼类胚胎发育是一个复杂而有序的系统工程,是基因时空综合表达结果。已有的研究证明:机体在生长发育过程中会发生一系列复杂的同工酶时空表达变化,它是基因特异性表达的一种主要作用形式。同工酶研究是研究鱼类个体发育的有力手段之一, 相似文献
13.
Swagat Ghosh Thipramalai Thankappanpillai Ajith Kumar Thangavel Balasubramanian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):174-180
This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28 - 30℃) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5 - 10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61 ± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and 22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170 - 180 h incubation. This study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions. 相似文献
14.
The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The results show that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px had diff erent induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene stress, and that three diff erent organs in R. philippinarum (visceral mass, muscle tissue and mantle) had diff erent sensitivities to anthracene stress. This study suggest that SOD activities of the visceral mass, CAT activitities of the mantle and the visceral mass, and GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue could be used as sensitive indicators of anthracene stress in R. philippinarum. 相似文献
15.
Biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) exposed to in vivo sub-lethal copper concentrations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Many aquatic organisms are negatively affected by exposure to high copper concentrations.We investigated the biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus(Mytiloida:Mytilidae) to copper exposure.In vivo bioassays using M.coruscus and different copper concentrations were conducted.The activity of six biomarkers,namely superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were measured.Survival rates decreased with increased copper concentrations and exposure times.The LC50 values at 48,72,and 96 h exposure were 0.48,0.37,and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Within digestive glands,CAT activity increased with increasing Cu concentrations.The activity of AKP showed no significant change,while the remaining four enzymes showed decreasing activity with increasing Cu concentrations.Within the gills,AKP activity increased when the Cu concentration was 0.05 mg/L,but showed no significant changes at higher concentrations.Activity of CAT and ACP within gills tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration.The activity of SOD and GPT decreased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.GOT activity within gills decreased at 0.1 mg/L and increased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.Within the adductor muscle,AKP activity increased at 0.05 mg/L but did not change at higher exposure concentrations.ACP activity within adductor muscle tissue showed no change,while activities of CAT,GOT and GPT decreased with increasing Cu concentrations.SOD activity within the adductor muscle tissue significantly decreased at the 0.02,0.05 and 0.2 mg/L exposure concentrations.Our results show tissue specific differences for the six biomarkers in for M.coruscus.Our findings provide the basis for the establishment of reference activity levels against which biomarker changes can be estimated,and are essential preliminary steps in development of in vivo bioassays. 相似文献
16.
The toxicities of 4 common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 17β-estradiol (E2), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and tributyltin (TBT), to sperm motility, fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryonic development of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) were investigated in this study. The duration of sperm motility was significantly shortened by exposure to the EDCs at the threshold concentrations of 10 ng L?1 for E2 and TBT, 1 μg L?1 for NP and 100 μg L?1 for DDE, respectively. The fertilization rate was substantially reduced by the EDCs at the lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) of 10 ng L?1 for E2 and TBT and 10 μg L?1 for DDE and NP, respectively. Of the tested properties of S. curriculus, larval deformity rate was most sensitive to EDC exposure and was significantly increased by DDE at the lowest experimental level of 0.1 μg L?1. Other EDCs increased the larval deformity rate at the LOECs of 1 ng L?1 for E2, 10 ng L?1 for TBT and 1 μg L?1 for NP, respectively. Despite their decreases with the increasing EDC concentrations, the hatching rate and larval survival rate of S. curriculus were not significantly affected by the exposure to EDCs. The results indicated that all the 4 EDCs affected significantly and negatively the early life stages of the freshwater fish S. curriculus. Overall, E2 and TBT were more toxic than NP and DDE, while DDE might be more toxic to larval deformity rate than to other measured parameters. Thus, the 4 EDCs showed potential negative influences on natural population dynamics of S. curriculus. Our findings provided valuable basic data for the ecological risk assessment of E2, DDE, NP and TBT. 相似文献
17.
波纹龙虾胚胎的离体培养及发育观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对波纹龙虾不同发育时期的胚胎进行离体培养和显微观察。结果表明,初始培育的离体胚胎愈接近孵化期,其孵化率愈高(最高达80.0%);波纹龙虾胚胎发育经历受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、中眼色素形成期、复眼色素形成期、心跳期、破膜前期和出膜期;胚胎在发育过程中颜色变化:橙红→深橙红→砖红→灰白→接近透明。 相似文献
18.
Heavy metal pollution can affect the immune capability of organisms.We evaluated the effect of cadmium(Cd) on the defense responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge.The activities of several important defensive enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),acid phosphatase(ACP),Na+,K+-ATPase in gills and hepatopancreas,and phenoloxidase-like(POL) enzyme in hemolymph were assayed.In addition,the expression levels of several genes,including heat shock protein 90(HSP90),metallothionein(MT),and bactericidal/permeability increasing(BPI) protein were quantified by fluorescent quantitative PCR.The enzyme activities of SOD,ACP,POL,and GPx in hepatopancreas,and the expression of HSP90 were down-regulated,whereas GPx activity in the gill,Na+,K+-ATPase activities in both tissues,and MT expression was increased in Cdexposed oysters post L.anguillarum challenge.However,BPI expression was not significantly altered by co-stress of L.anguillarum infection and cadmium exposure.Our results suggest that cadmium exposure alters the oysters’ immune responses and energy metabolism following vibrio infection. 相似文献
19.
菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖抗肿瘤活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从菲律宾蛤仔全脏器中提取得到糖胺聚糖粗品(CRG),通过DEAE-52离子交换柱层析得到纯品(RG),分别采用MTT法和动物移植性肿瘤模型检测其体外和体内抗肿瘤活性,同时测量荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数的脾指数;建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,并测量正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数、脾指数和碳粒廓清指数。结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖可以抑制体外培养的人肝癌Bel7402肿瘤细胞的生长,能显著抑制移植性S180肉瘤的生长,可抑制荷瘤小鼠的脾肿大现象,对环磷酰胺造成的小鼠胸腺和脾脏萎缩有抵抗和修复作用。 相似文献
20.
The genomic and cDNA sequences of the CD3γ/δ and CD3ε homologues in the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi, were determined. As in other vertebrate CD3 molecules, the deduced amino acid sequences of mandarin fish CD3γ/δ and CD3ε contained conserved residues and motifs, such as cysteine residues and CXXC and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. However, mandarin fish CD3γ/δ and CD3ε showed some differences to their mammalian counterparts, specifically the absence of a negatively charged residue in the transmembrane region of CD3γ/δ. Additionally, while an N-glycosylation site was present in CD3ε, the site was not observed in CD3γ/δ. The CD3γ/δ and CD3ε subunit sequences contain six and five exons, respectively, consistent with homologues from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that CD3γ/δ and CD3ε in mandarin fish are closely related to their counterparts in Acanthopterygian fish. Real-time PCR showed CD3γ/δ and CD3ε were expressed mainly in the thymus and spleen in normal healthy fish and, to a lesser extent, in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, such as the intestine and gills. When lymphocytes isolated from head kidney were treated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin, and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, mRNA expression levels of CD3γ/δ and CD3ε were significantly elevated within 12 h of treatment. This indicated the presence of T lymphocytes in the head kidney of teleost fish, and also the recognition of mitogens by the lymphocytes. Mandarin fish infected with the bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare also showed an increase in the expression of CD3γ/δ and CD3ε mRNA, indicating that CD3γ/δ and CD3ε lymphocytes are involved in the immune response of this species. 相似文献