4株海洋红球菌产类胡萝卜素分析及其全基因组测序          下载免费PDF全文

张帝  张宁  陈吉刚  杨季芳 《海洋学研究》2016,34(4):78-83

以源于东太平洋海水的4株红球菌分离菌Rhodococcussp. EPR-134、Rhodococcus sp. EPR-147、Rhodococcus sp. EPR-157和Rhodococcus sp. EPR-279为研究对象,开展了菌株的色素提取和色素全波长扫描,并基于全基因组测序分析了4株细菌类胡萝卜素代谢通路中的相关基因。色素全波长扫描结果显示,菌株EPR-134不具备类胡萝卜素产生能力,而其它3株红球菌能够产生类胡萝卜素,且所产类胡萝卜素组分不同。基因组分析表明,4个细菌基因组中存在较为完整的促使类胡萝卜素形成的基因簇。对菌株参与番茄红素形成的3个关键基因crt E、crt B和crt I的氨基酸序列同源性两两比对分析表明,菌株EPR-134 3个基因氨基酸序列与其它3个菌株相应基因氨基酸序列同源性最低,这可能是导致该菌株不产类胡萝卜素的关键原因。该研究结果为产类胡萝卜素红球菌的遗传改造,以及为产类胡萝卜素工程菌的构建奠定了前期基础。  相似文献   

南极纳尔逊冰川土壤中微生物的群落结构及其代谢特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

范启连  田琛  吕永新  张宇  肖湘 《应用海洋学学报》2023,42(2):187-194

冰川土壤中的微生物是冰冻圈生态系统中的重要组成部分。南极纳尔逊冰川四周环海，临近海洋的物质输送和其他因素扰动改变了近岸土壤中部分理化因子，从而对土壤中的微生物群落产生影响。本研究采集了南极纳尔逊冰川不同近海距离处的土壤样品，并对其进行了细菌和古菌V4区扩增子测序以及宏基因组测序，探讨了不同近海距离的冰川土壤中的微生物群落结构和代谢潜能。物种多样性结果显示，不同位点的土壤微生物群落组成有所差异，但变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门等在冰川土壤样品中普遍存在且相对丰度较高。宏基因组分析结果显示，不同近海距离的冰川土壤微生物群落的功能基因分布不同，且能量代谢和跨膜运输等代谢途径的基因的丰度随着采样位点远离海洋而降低。冰川土壤中碳、氮、硫代谢分别以还原性柠檬酸循环、反硝化、同化硫酸盐还原途径为主，其中反硝化途径基因在所有样品中丰度较高。通过分箱组装获得了含有反硝化功能基因的基因组bin_71，并重构了其核心的代谢通路。本研究初步揭示了南极纳尔逊冰川土壤中微生物的群落结构及代谢潜能，为后续南极冰川土壤新物种的发现、功能基因的挖掘、以及探究全球气候变暖下海洋对沿海生态系统的影响提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

科学家发现蜥蜴的毛发基因     

《海洋世界》2008,(12):9-9

长期以来，科学家都认为毛发最初出现在哺乳动物中。毛发可为哺乳动物提供隔离和保护，一直被认为是一个生物进化上的创新。一项新研究表明，毛发的起源可以追溯到3亿年前古生代的爬行类。奥地利维也纳大学的科学家们发现，绿色变色蜥蜴的基因组中有6个编码角蛋白的基因（在哺乳动物中角蛋白与毛发生成密切相关），  相似文献   

Construction of bacterial artificial chromosome libraries for Zhikong Scallop Chlamys farreri     

张洋  张晓军  张洪斌  李富花  相建海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(2):215-218

Two Large-insert genomic bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） libraries of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri were constructed to promote our genetic and genomic research. High-quality megabase-sized DNA was isolated from the adductor muscle of the scallop and partially digested by BamH I and Mbo I, respectively. The BamH I library consisted of 53 760 clones while the Mbo I library consisted of 7 680clones. Approximately 96 % of the clones in BamH I library contained nuclear DNA inserts in average size of 100 kb, providing a coverage of 5.3 haploid genome equivalents. Similarly, the Mbo I library with an average insert of 145 kb and no insert-empty clones, thus providing a genome coverage of 1.1 haploid genome equivalents.  相似文献   

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development： Different Isolation Methods, Different Yield Efficiency     

Aibin Zhan  Zhenmin Bao  Xiaoli Hu  Wei Lu  Jingjie Hu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(2):161-165

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology, quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to select several versatile, low-cost, efficient and time- and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study, we used Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency, while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time- and cost-saving, it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers, mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study, we recommend two methods, microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method, for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the mi-crosatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny of familiar flatfish species （Pleuronectidae） in the northwestern Pacific Ocean based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ gene     

ZHANG Yan XIAO Yongshuang Gao Tianxiang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(2)

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基于COI序列的翡翠股贻贝Perna viridis线粒体遗传特性分析及其近缘种间的系统关系探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

位正鹏  孔晓瑜  吴相云  喻子牛 《热带海洋学报》2009,28(6):72-78

应用通用引物 COIL 1490和 COIH 2198对翡翠股贻贝Perna viridis的性腺和体细胞线粒体DNA进行PCR扩增，获得661bp长度的COI基因片段，经过比对性腺与体细胞的COI片段，发现雄性性腺与体细胞COI基因均为一个单倍型，即体内只有一种线粒体DNA类型，没有发现双单性遗传现象，雌、雄性腺的COI基因片段变异率很低（0.31%）。应用PAUP构建了NJ树、MP树以及贝叶斯法构建了贝叶斯树，对股贻贝属3种间的系统关系进行了分析，结果表明，翡翠股贻贝P. viridis与P. canaliculus 和 P. perna 之间的分化与分歧年代的估算是相吻合的。  相似文献   

The Complete Sequence of Mitochondrial COⅡ Gene of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Its Applicability as a Marker for Phylogenetic Analysis     

YU Shanshan KONG Xiaoyu LI Yulong XU Hui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(2):187-192

The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ （COⅡ） gene of Penaeinae shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned and sequenced. The gene is 688 bp in length and codes for 229 amino acids. It shows 83.2%, 87.0% and 83.8% sequence similarity to Marsupenaeus Japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Farfantepenaeus notialis, respectively. The A＋T content of the whole gene and that at the third position of codons are 64.7% and 78.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between F. chinensis and three other species representing genera Farfanatepenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus was analyzed. Results showed that the genetic distances among the four taxa ranged from 0.144 0 to 0.200 5, exceeding those estimated with COⅠ and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences among Marsupenaeus, Litopenaeus and Melicertus, and being therefore larger than the value among subgenera. It has been suggested that the COⅡ gene has a faster evolutionary rate than that of the COⅠ gene and partial 16S rRNA gene and could be used for phylogenetic analysis at genus or species level. The results of the present study indicated that Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus are at a higher phylogenetic level than subgenus, which supports the opinion of the elevation of phylogenetic status of the four subgenera to genus level.  相似文献   

中国北方地区黄牛起源的分子考古学研究     

蔡大伟  孙洋  汤卓炜  周慧 《第四纪研究》2014,(1)

中国黄牛的起源及驯化一直是考古学家和遗传学家共同关注的热点问题。目前的研究多是基于古代黄牛遗骸的形态学鉴定和对现代地方黄牛品种的DNA分析,而针对中国古代黄牛的DNA研究尚少。本文对中国北方5个青铜时代早期遗址出土的42个黄牛进行了线粒体DNA分析,并结合现代黄牛线粒体DNA数据以及考古学文化对中国黄牛的起源、传播路径及其与早期文明的关系进行了讨论。在青铜时代早期,中国北方古代黄牛均为普通牛,未见瘤牛。古代黄牛主要由T2,T3和T4构成,近东起源的T3世系在古代黄牛中占统治地位,频率高达81.0%。近东起源的普通牛可能随着早期人群的迁徙经过两条路线进入中国。  相似文献   

六溴环十二烷胁迫下红树蚬鳃及肝胰腺线粒体基因表达定量研究          下载免费PDF全文

车志群  孙仁杰  刘文爱  廖思明  阎冰 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(2):273-283

红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)作为一种主要栖息于潮间带的沼泽地或红树林的双壳贝类,近年来很多研究都证明其具有做为海洋污染监测指示物种的潜力。红树蚬受六溴环十二烷(HBCD)不同浓度(0、0. 086、0. 860、8. 600μg/dm~3)及不同天数(1、3、11、15、22 d)胁迫后,从转录组上调文库中挑取6个线粒体编码基因:细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ、Ⅲ(COXⅠ、COX Ⅲ),NADH脱氢酶亚基Ⅰ、Ⅲ(ND Ⅰ、ND Ⅲ),细胞色素b(Cyt b),无机焦磷酸酶(PPase),并用实时荧光定量PCR研究各基因在红树蚬各组织内的表达情况,因为基因不稳定性,利用β-actin作为内参对各目的基因所得数据进行均一化处理。结果发现:6个基因在HBCD胁迫后都有转录且差异表达。经生物统计学分析,胁迫后鳃及肝胰腺组织中各基因的表达量较对照组中有显著变化,总体上随着胁迫天数及浓度的增加呈增加趋势,但当胁迫浓度过高时,因线粒体产生的应激能力有限,表达量反而降低。最后从酶复合物在呼吸链、ROS生成、ATP合成中的作用等各方面分析了HBCD胁迫导致线粒体基因表达变化的原因,为进一步开展分子毒理研究和开发分子生物标志物在海洋监测中的应用奠定了基础。  相似文献