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1.
东亚副热带西风急流活动与长江中下游梅雨异常关系的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文利用1960～2009年NCEP/NCAR再分析日平均资料和中国714站20时(北京时)日降水量资料,分析了梅雨季节东亚副热带西风急流逐日演变特征与长江中下游异常丰梅和空梅的关系,研究了东亚副热带西风急流活动影响梅雨异常的机理,讨论了监测和分析东亚副热带西风急流对梅雨中期预报的意义。梅雨期合成分析显示,异常丰梅年较空梅年急流强度偏强,急流带狭窄,质量与动量集中。逐日演变特征表现为,丰(空)梅年急流围绕气候态位置经向平稳摆动(振荡幅度大),关键区(30oN～37.5oN,110oE～130oE)纬向风强度偏强(弱),东亚至西太平洋(80oE～160oE)上空急流最大中心主频次在125oE(145oE)附近,靠近(远离)我国东部地区并位于下风方。影响梅雨异常机理研究表明,异常丰梅年,200hPa我国东部地区上空急流轴线、散度零线和散度距平零线在37.5oN附近"重合",急流轴以北为辐合,以南为强辐散,辐散中心区与辐散距平中心区"重合"在长江中下游地区上空,高空强辐散流出,对应低层强辐合流入,配合从底层到高层深厚的强垂直上升运动,为梅雨提供了良好动力环境场;高低空急流耦合作用,有利于低空西南风加强,长江中下游以南地区为西南水汽通量距平,为持续性降水提供了良好的水汽输送条件;强高空副热带锋区配合典型陡直梅雨锋区,有利于高空急流质量和动量维持,也利于深对流发展。空梅年的情形则相反。从强度、位置及其变化等多方面综合监测和分析东亚副热带西风急流中期变化特征,可以更好地把握和认识急流对梅雨异常的影响及其机理,对于梅雨中期预报问题是有帮助的。 相似文献
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紫外辐射传输模式计算与实际测量的比较 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用改进的离散坐标法紫外辐射传输模式,应用各种可测得的实际大气物理参数,模拟了1993年7月24日德国加尔米希-帕特科琛（Garmisch-Partenkirchen,47.47oN, 11.07oE）地面紫外辐射的全天分布,并与1993年秋天第三次欧洲紫外辐射光谱仪比对活动期间通过了严格绝对标定的奥地利英斯布鲁克（Innsbruck）大学的紫外光谱仪的实际观测资料进行了比较,进行了余弦响应订正后,计算与测量的绝对值差别很小,最大误差对地面UVB通量（280～320 nm）是0.07 W/m2（正午的通量为3.2 W/m2）。对UVA（320～400 nm）最大误差是2.6 W/m2（正午通量为54 W/m2）。计算与测量的平均偏差为5%～13%,这表明,地面紫外辐射水平也可以利用其他大气观测资料通过模式计算间接得到。 相似文献
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环境风速垂直切变对西北太平洋热带气旋强度变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2000—2006年中国气象局《热带气旋年鉴》和NCEP再分析日资料,对环境风垂直切变对西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）强度变化的影响进行统计分析。首先比较了不同高度层之间、不同水平区域平均的全风速垂直切变和纬向风速垂直切变对TC强度变化的影响,结果表明,全风速切变对TC强度变化的抑制作用显著大于纬向风速垂直切变;以200～800 km的圆环区域平均计算的风速垂直切变与TC强度变化的负相关最显著;中高层的风速垂直切变与TC强度变化的相关优于中低层。其次,全风速切变大于8 m/s后抑制TC增强,且这种抑制作用存在6～60 h的滞后。全风速垂直切变大时,滞后时间较短:当全风速切变为8～9 m/s（9～10 m/s）时,TC强度在未来60（48） h开始减弱;当全风速切变大于10 m/s时,TC在6 h内开始减弱。最后,利用偏最小二乘回归建立TC强度变化的预报模型PLS-STIPSV。结果表明,加入风速垂直切变因子后对TC强度预报有所改进,并通过分析标准化回归系数进一步证实了上述的统计结果。 相似文献
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南海夏季风爆发的数值预报模拟实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1998年5月21日00时（UTC）,对流层上部200hPa的南亚反气旋中心位于（16oN,94oE）附近,850hPa南海的中南部仍为副热带反气旋控制;到21日12时,200hPa的南亚反气旋中心迅速移到（21oN,94oE）附近,同时850hPa的南海副热带反气旋减弱东撤,南海的中南部由东南风转变为西南风,南海夏季风爆发。本文利用美国国家大气研究中心和宾西法尼亚州大学联合研制的中尺度模式（MM5V2）模拟预报这一过程,同时通过敏感性实验研究了区域边界条件和水平分辨率对季风预报模拟实验的影响。 相似文献
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介绍了广州增城丘陵灌木林通量站的地理环境、仪器布设,并利用该站2014年12月—2015年2月的观测资料,分析冬季华南丘陵灌木林下垫面近地层的风、温度、气压、湿度和大气稳定度等基本气象要素特征,以及湍流强度、风速归一化标准差的统计特征及通量特征。结果表明:（1）冬季增城站以北向小风为主,风速多小于4 m/s,日平均温度变化剧烈,平均相对湿度为67.94%;（2）大气稳定度集中于“±” 0.5之间,以近中性为主;冬季平均湍流强度Iu、Iv和Iw分别为0.37、0.31和0.19;在风速小于1 m/s时湍流发展旺盛,随风速增大,湍流强度减小并趋于稳定;（3）风速分量归一化标准差δu/u*、δv/u*、δw/u*与稳定度Z/L之间满足莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论,并呈1/3次方关系,且随|Z/L|的减小而减小,在中性层结（Z/L→0）均匀下垫面,其值为常数,分别为2.286、1.757和1.174;（4）冬季增城站的能量耗散以感热为主,晴天尤为显著;阴天感热与潜热大小相当;平均日间吸收CO2极值为0.236 mg/(m2·s)。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和局地经向环流线性诊断模式,定量分析导致2003年黄淮秋汛的主要物理过程,并结合天气形势来确立（1～3天）短期预报的着眼点。数值诊断结果表明：（1）预报降水的开始和发展趋势可参考贝加尔湖-新疆低槽及其分裂西风小槽的槽前暖平流与长江流域副热带高压脊西北侧的西南风暖平流的叠加过程。这两股暖平流在黄淮流域所驱动的经向环流上升支占总体上升运动的23.1%,且主要出现在强降水前3天内,强度达到-0.015 Pa/s。（2）预报降水的强度和持续时间可参考高空西风急流在黄河流域北侧的建立和维持。与该急流有关的平均西风动量平流在黄淮流域所驱动的上升支占总体上升运动的28.8%,且主要出现在强降水后4天内,强度达到-0.02 Pa/s。此外,与强降水同步发生且起正反馈作用的潜热加热所驱动的上升支占总体上升运动的44.2%,在强降水期间达到-0.03 Pa/s。（3）预报秋汛结束可参考对流层中上层冷平流侵入黄淮流域以及高空西风急流南压到长江流域北侧,迫使南亚高压脊和副热带高压脊撤出长江流域的一系列过程。与该过程有关的平均温度平流、平均西风动量平流及平均热量垂直输送所驱动的下沉支控制黄淮流域,会导致黄淮秋汛结束。 相似文献
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本文利用一个沿赤道的经度-高度二维原始方程模式，在下边界处采用一个东传、波数为1（波1E）和一个西传、波数为2（波2W），相速度绝对值均为31 m/s的两个波作为强迫波，对赤道平流层低层的大尺度运动进行了模拟，再现了平均纬向流的准两年周期振荡（QBO）式变化，振荡周期约为36个月，东西风带的最大风速达48 m/s，远远超过两个强迫波的相速度。波动分析表明，通过波与波的非线性相互作用，产生了许多新波，新波中波数为1的西传波（波1W）和波数为2的东传波（波2E）在QBO形成过程中起了一定的重要作用，强迫波1E和2W可分别将西风带和东风带加速到31 m/s，对于东风带，相速度约为91 m/s的波1W可进一步加速平均流到48 m/s]；而对于西风带，波2E在20 km以下对平均流有一定的加速作用，最大风速的产生则是由波1E的自加速引起的。 相似文献
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利用2007—2009年热带降雨测量卫星(TRMM)微波成像仪(TMI)观测的亮温资料,建立一种西北太平洋热带气旋强度(Tropical Cyclone,TC)的估计模型,对2010年热带气旋进行独立估计试验,并对估计误差进行分析。结果表明:该模型对强度小于强台风TC的拟合效果较好,均方根误差约为5 m/s,平均绝对误差约为4 m/s;对强台风和超强台风TC的拟合误差较大,均方根误差分别为9.65和6.60 m/s,平均绝对误差分别为7.76和5.49 m/s;对强台风及以上强度的TC,模型的拟合误差在日(夜)间减小(增大),误差最小(大)值为6.00 m/s(11.96 m/s),说明估计值在日(夜)间偏大(小)。 相似文献
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根据1949～2011年热带气旋路径资料,统计分析了影响珠江口海域的热带气旋气候特征,包括热带气旋频数、强度及路径趋向等特征,结果显示,在近63a间共有75个热带气旋样本影响珠江口海域,有3个年份出现多达4个热带气旋影响该海域;出现12级以上强风的台风样本约占总数的3成;热带气旋的移动方向以西北和偏西方向为主,约占总数的7成.分别采用x2检验和Колмогоров法对热带气旋样本频数及最大风速序列分别进行拟合适度检验,结果表明,影响珠江口海域的热带气旋最大风速服从Poisson-Gumbul复合极值分布,计算影响珠江口海域的热带气旋中心附近的概率风速,得到的50a一遇10min平均风速为51.1m.s-1,100a一遇10min平均风速为56.8m/s. 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献