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藏南冈底斯岩基东段朗县杂岩早白垩世岩浆作用:新特提斯洋二次俯冲 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新特提斯洋长期俯冲消减作用在早白垩世可能经历二次俯冲启动或板片俯冲几何形态的重大转换。确定西藏南部冈底斯岩基早白垩世岩浆作用的岩石地球化学特征和作用方式是甄别上述过程的关键,对理解新特提斯洋的俯冲演化过程至关重要。本文就冈底斯岩基东段朗县杂岩中保存的各类早白垩世岩浆岩,开展了锆石U-Pb地质年代学和Hf同位素、全岩元素和同位素（Sr-Nd）组成分析。数据结果表明：1）基性岩侵位时代为早白垩世晚期（103.6~100.8Ma）,为高钾钙碱性偏铝质岩石,锆石εHf（t）=+0.3~+5.7,全岩εNd（t）=-0.8和-0.3,暗示其岩浆源区具有大量俯冲沉积物或流体的混入,为沉积物熔体和流体交代的地幔楔物质部分熔融的产物,经历了一定程度的角闪石分离结晶作用;2）中性岩形成于99.8~97.6Ma,略晚于基性岩,其主量元素与基性岩具有较好的线性关系,全岩εNd（t）=+1.1,具有较多的地幔物质参与,为基性岩浆进一步演化形成;3）酸性岩（脉体）记录了多阶段岩浆作用（124.1~95.3Ma）,根据同位素组成不同进一步划分为两类,第一类具有较低的全岩εNd（t）值（-8.3~-6.0）,其岩浆源区显示富集特征,tDM2=1385~1586Ma,由古老地壳物质的再熔融形成;第二类的锆石εHf（t）值（-2.8~+3.2）变化较大,岩脉的锆石εHf（t）=+0.4~+8.1,tDM=428~906Ma,全岩εNd（t）=+0.1和+0.8,表明岩浆源区具有不均一性,为古老地壳物质被富流体地幔岩浆改造形成;和4）镁铁质包体的主量元素与寄主花岗岩具有较好的线性关系,锆石的Hf同位素组成变化较大（εHf（t）=-9.3~+4.1）,变化范围可达13个ε单位,为岩浆混合成因。寄主花岗岩和角闪辉长岩分别作为酸性和基性端元,是基性岩浆与其诱发古老地壳熔融形成的花岗质岩浆经混合形成。结合冈底斯岩基早白垩世岩浆岩的研究结果,朗县杂岩在早白垩世（124~97Ma）的岩浆作用具有明显的岩浆混合现象,锆石Hf和全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成变化较大,可达13个ε单位,其岩浆源区复杂且富含流体,代表了新特提斯洋在早期（240~144Ma）经历漫长的俯冲之后,在早白垩世时期（~120Ma）俯冲带发生跃迁或俯冲角度达到临界点,导致大量俯冲沉积物和流体沿俯冲带俯冲下去,与发生部分熔融的地幔楔物质混合,底侵导致上覆古老地壳物质的再熔融,形成早白垩世复杂的岩浆岩组合,很可能是新特提斯洋二次俯冲开始的标志。 相似文献
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冈底斯岩基东部的米林地区发育辉长质片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩近垂向相间排布的侵入杂岩体及东侧未变形闪长岩体。野外穿切关系和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄结果表明：早期辉长质片麻岩（146.3±1.6Ma）被晚期花岗质片麻岩（141.7±2.0Ma）侵入,并一起经历了后期变质作用（~90Ma）和晚白垩世闪长质岩浆作用（87.8±1.1Ma）。辉长质片麻岩具有E-MORB特征,经历了富Ti矿物相的堆晶作用,母岩浆主要来源于板片流体交代上覆亏损地幔楔物质（εHf（t）=+9.9~+14.5;εNd（t）=+3.0~+4.1）。花岗质片麻岩具有岛弧型岩浆岩的地球化学特征,同时伴有Fe-Ti氧化物的分离结晶,源区物质主要为部分熔融的初生下地壳（εHf（t）=+10.9~+15.1;εNd（t）=+4.1~+4.3）。闪长岩具有弱的Eu正异常,暗示源区存在斜长石的堆晶作用,其母岩浆来源于板片流体交代上覆亏损地幔楔物质（εHf（t）=+12.2~+15.6）,并在岩浆演化的过程中混入地壳物质。冈底斯岩基南缘发育晚侏罗世的辉长岩和早白垩世花岗可能是第一次新特提斯洋北向俯冲即将终止的产物。晚白垩世岩浆岩是与新特提斯洋再次俯冲引起的峰期岩浆活动的标志,可能是板块回撤引发软流圈上涌的产物。 相似文献
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A型花岗岩的岩石成因对于评估伸展构造背景下的岩浆作用极为关键。我们对藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带内的哲古错花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和同位素（Sr和Nd）组成分析测试。结果表明,该花岗闪长岩形成于260.3±2.8Ma,并且被一约146Ma的闪长岩侵入。该花岗闪长岩属于高K钙碱性、偏铝质系列,其A/CNK和A/NK分别为0.74~0.76和1.87~2.72,富集轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）,有明显的Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,Zr和Hf正异常,εNd（t）值为+1.1~+2.3;岩相学也显示出碱性花岗岩特征。以上所有特征揭示了该花岗闪长岩和A2型花岗岩相似,但其与典型的弧岩浆岩不同,而是与伸展构造背景下形成的岩浆岩类似。哲古错花岗闪长岩的源区是为经亏损地幔物质改造过的沉积岩或变沉积岩,基于本研究数据及已有数据表明,本研究中的晚二叠世酸性岩浆作用是一次与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解和新特提斯洋开启有关的岩浆活动。 相似文献
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皖南旌德花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的成因: 地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素制约 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
旌德复式岩体位于安徽南部,主体相花岗闪长岩中发育暗色包体。本文对花岗闪长岩与暗色包体进行了岩相学观察、全岩主微量元素分析、锆石U-Pb定年与Hf同位素测试。岩相学观察发现暗色包体为典型岩浆岩结构,且发育针状磷灰石。主量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩的SiO2含量为66.04%~67.80%;暗色包体的SiO2含量为54.63%~54.77%,为二长闪长岩。花岗闪长岩的Mg#=38~40;暗色包体的Mg#=44~45。微量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的REE球粒陨石标准化图呈右倾型,Eu负异常;大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损。锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素研究表明,花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的年龄分别为139.7±1.3Ma和142.3±1.7Ma,在误差范围内一致。花岗闪长岩锆石的εHf(t)为-2.5~0.4,地壳模式年龄(tDMC)为1170~1350Ma;暗色包体锆石的εHf(t)为-5.2~1.8,地壳模式年龄(tDMC)为1090~1530Ma。两者的tDMC峰值都在1.2~1.3Ga。这些数据表明花岗闪长岩中的暗色包体为同源岩浆混合成因,源区为年轻地壳,有可能为中新元古代古华南洋壳俯冲扬子板块形成的火山岛弧。旌德花岗闪长岩在Pearce et al.(1984)的构造判别图上落在岛弧花岗岩区。在Sr/Y-Y图解上落在经典岛弧岩浆岩区。花岗闪长岩的岩浆Zr饱和温度低(630~680℃),与锆石钛温度计(630~720℃)给出的结果基本一致。锆石的Ce(Ⅳ)/Ce(Ⅲ)高(240~530),指示岩浆具有高的氧逸度。旌德岩体的低温与高氧逸度特征说明岩体的源区物质受到过洋壳俯冲的影响。旌德岩体的成因可能与太平洋板块后撤诱发的地壳部分熔融有关。 相似文献
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温泉钼矿床位于西秦岭造山带北缘,是西秦岭地区唯一斑岩型钼矿床。矿体产于花岗斑岩体及其与围岩接触带内。对温泉钼矿含矿花岗斑岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学与原位Hf同位素研究,有助于精确约束含钼花岗斑岩时代,揭示岩浆演化信息,深化温泉钼矿床成因的认识。本文利用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年方法,对温泉钼矿区含钼岩体进行精确同位素定年。结果表明：花岗斑岩的锆石环带结构明显,Th/U比值较大（0.41~0.88）,为典型的岩浆锆石,含钼花岗斑岩侵位年龄为212.43~213.4 Ma,其侵入的似斑状二长花岗岩年龄（围岩）则为219.9 Ma,均属晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。温泉矿区花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素组成较为一致,εHf（t）值均为负值,介于-1.89~-0.63,平均-1.59,在εHf（t）-t图解中,样点集中分布于球粒陨石以及亏损地幔线之下,暗示其岩浆源区较单一,应为经改造过的地壳物质部分熔融的产物。二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）主要集中在1291~1408 Ma,表明中元古代地壳物质可能为岩体主要来源。 相似文献
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福建漳州角美花岗岩与闪长质包体的岩石成因及意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文选择福建沿海漳州地区的角美花岗岩和包体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩(106.4±1.8Ma)和岩体中的闪长质包体(105.6±1.0Ma 和106.5±1.0Ma)具有相同的锆石U-Pb年龄,为同期岩浆作用的产物,它们都是高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。花岗闪长岩具有相对较为均一的锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=2.2~3.7),表明其为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。闪长质包体具有更亏损的锆石Hf组成(εHf(t)=0.9~5.5)。地球化学数据结合野外证据表明岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。福建沿海地区96~106Ma岩浆作用的发育处于古太平洋板片俯冲造成的伸展背景。 相似文献
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冈底斯岩基是新特提斯洋北向俯冲和印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的重要岩浆记录,尼木地区位于冈底斯岩基中部。本文报道了尼木地区寄主二长花岗岩和辉长质包体的锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和锆石Hf同位素。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,寄主花岗岩（197~190Ma）和包体（195Ma）同期侵位,形成于早侏罗纪。寄主二长花岗岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,富集轻稀土和K、U、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,锆石εHf（t）值为+13.9~+16.0,其可能来源于初生地壳的部分熔融;辉长质包体为准铝质钙碱性系列岩石,具有与寄主岩相似的稀土和微量元素分配特征,锆石εHf（t）值为+13.8~+16.0,其可能代表了侏罗纪形成的新生下地壳,即寄主岩石的岩浆源区;结合前人研究,本文认为尼木地区的寄主花岗岩和暗色包体可能与新特提斯洋北向俯冲引起的地幔和初生地壳的部分熔融有关。 相似文献
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铁坑坳铁锡多金属矿床位于粤东莲花山断裂带西部,矿区出露的花岗岩类主要有粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩,花岗质岩石与碳酸盐岩的接触带中发育铁锡多金属矿化。该矿区的成岩成矿时代尚不明确,成矿与哪一种岩体具有成因上的联系也不清楚。文章选择与铁锡多金属矿体相关的花岗岩类的锆石和块状矿石中的锡石,首次开展LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Nd-Hf同位素研究。结果表明：粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（132±1） Ma （n=24,MSWD=0.78）和（94±1） Ma （n=25,MSWD=1.80）;块状矿石中锡石U-Pb年龄为（130±3） Ma （n=36,MSWD=0.62）,成矿时代与粗粒二长花岗岩形成时代基本一致,均形成于早白垩世;粗粒二长花岗岩的锆石εHf （t）变化于-4.9~-0.1,平均值为-2.8,地壳Hf模式年龄TDMC=1192~1497 Ma,平均值为1366 Ma,全岩εNd （t）值介于-8.8~-8.7,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1630~1642 Ma;花岗闪长斑岩的锆石εHf （t）变化于-5.7~-2.9,平均值为-4.4,地壳Hf模式年龄TDMC=1342~1523 Ma,平均值为1440 Ma,全岩εNd （t）值介于-5.4~-4.9,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1291~1332 Ma。Nd-Hf同位素综合研究表明,粗粒二长花岗岩的源区物质主要来自于中元古代地壳,有少量幔源组分或新生地壳的加入,花岗闪长斑岩的源区物质中幔源组分或新生地壳的混入比例高于粗粒二长花岗岩。 相似文献
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曲林岩体位于冈底斯带中段的南缘,为渐新世-中新世复合岩体,主体为粗粒花岗斑岩,被后期煌斑质、花岗闪长质和花岗质岩脉切割,是多期岩浆作用的产物,出露面积约8km2。花岗斑岩两组样品（T0849-PG和T0849-G）的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为29.7±0.1Ma和30.0±0.2Ma。花岗斑岩为高钾,准铝质,低MgO,高度富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。此外具有高Sr、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N;低Y和Yb,弱Eu负异常等特征。岩体内发育一系列近南北向展布的花岗闪长玢岩脉,其中两组样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为15.5±0.1Ma（T0848-PY）和14.4±0.1Ma（T0850）。两条花岗闪长玢岩脉具有与岩体主体相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式,同样富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土及高场强元素。花岗斑岩的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.706102~0.706202,εNd（t）=-0.6~+0.6,锆石εHf（t）=+4.9~+7.9;花岗闪长玢岩脉的87Sr/86Sr（i）=0.705429~0.705474,εNd（t）=-1.4~-0.2,锆石εHf（t）=+2.6~+7.6。本文数据和文献数据结果表明：曲林花岗斑岩与花岗闪长玢岩脉均来源于加厚南拉萨下地壳的部分熔融,很可能与增厚的深部岩石圈的拆沉或俯冲印度岩石圈的撕裂诱发软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
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为解释南冈底斯晚白垩世埃达克质岩石成因及其地球动力学机制,本文对西藏扎囊县札佐地区二长花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学分析。札佐二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年为80.43±0.62 Ma,其SiO2为66.19%~66.84%,Al2O3为15.17%~15.48%,MgO为1.67%~1.91%,Mg#为47.4~51.5,K2O为3.86%~4.09%,A/CNK=0.91~1.01,属准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石。岩石轻稀土富集明显,高Sr（492×10-6~670.2×10-6）,低Y（8.27×10-6~14.99×10-6）,Yb（1.07×10-6~1.79×10-6）,高Sr/Y（35.0~81.0）,高La/Yb（17.4~21.4）,弱负Eu异常,具埃达克岩地球化学特征。相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土。锆石εHf（t）值为10.5~14.1,单阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM1）为184.8~326.1 Ma,平均为203.4 Ma,二阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM2）为247.2~476.0 Ma,平均为287.1 Ma,略大于侵位年龄,指示岩浆物质来源于俯冲洋壳,并可能卷入俯冲沉积物。岩石中地幔组分印记Mg#值和相容元素Ni、Cr含量较高,表明熔体在上升过程中与上覆地幔楔发生反应。研究分析表明,在新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲作用下,高温热流透过板片窗导致洋壳（及俯冲沉积物）部分熔融形成札佐埃达克质二长花岗岩。同时表明,在80 Ma左右,新特提斯洋仍处于洋脊俯冲阶段。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献