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1.
南孤山子岩体位于辽宁省本溪县东南部,其岩性为中细粒碱长花岗岩.锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试显示,该岩体形成于120~130 Ma的早白垩世,而不是前人认为的侏罗世.岩体的主量元素特征表明了它是高钾钙碱性系列.球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式显示LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损,具有较强亏损的负Eu异常.微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Th、K,贫高场强元素（HFSE）Ta、P、Ti.碱长花岗岩微量元素组成表明本区的花岗岩岩浆形成压力小于0.8~1.0 GPa,源区物质存在于30~40 km的地壳深处,属于减薄型地壳,此时辽东陆块处于陆内伸展环境.上述研究充分地显示,我国东部早白垩世岩浆活动发育在伸展构造环境,并与岩石圈减薄存在密切的联系. 相似文献
2.
对桂北罗城垒洞煌斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得的岩浆侵位年龄为约100Ma。其高钾(K2O/Na2O=15.7~24.0),富碱[w(K2O+Na2O)=6.18%~8.25%],富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、Sr及重稀土元素,高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.718 832~0.719 730),低εNd(t)(-9.15~-8.97),富集放射性Pb的特征,显示源区可能为早期俯冲交代作用形成的EMⅡ型富集地幔,该富集地幔形成于新元古代扬子和华夏地块的俯冲作用。煌斑岩岩浆的形成与华南陆块在白垩纪(100Ma)伸展拉张的背景下软流圈上涌促使这些富集地幔部分熔融有关。区域上NNE向的深大断裂为岩浆侵位提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘龙门隐伏碱性杂岩体呈岩墙、岩床或岩脉产出,侵入于延长组及以下地层,主要由霞石正长斑岩、角闪二长正长岩、霓辉二长斑岩、白榴正长斑岩、角闪二长闪长岩和碱性长石正长斑岩组成。地球化学特征为:SiO2含量51.25%~63.87%,K2O+Na2O含量7.23%~12.55%,Al2O3含量17.74%~20.12%,∑REE含量96.19×10-6~620.57×10-6,(La/Yb)N比为8.68~251.42,δEu为0.62~0.98。大离子亲石元素和放射性生热元素Th含量普遍较高,Ni,Co,Cr等地幔富集亲铁元素(相容元素)相对亏损。龙门隐伏碱性杂岩体主要为A1型及少量I型,形成于板内裂谷环境。主量元素、稀土微量元素特征表明,物质来源可能为发生上涌底侵后熔融的亏损软流圈地幔,锆石U-Pb年龄为(241.6±1.9)Ma和(108±1)Ma。研究表明,鄂尔多斯西南缘早中三叠世存在局部拉张环境,早白垩世由于区域性拉张作用使地壳减薄,地幔岩浆上涌,早期形成的花岗岩部分熔融,I型花岗岩开始向A1型花岗岩转变,使得I型花岗岩具碱性岩地球化学特征。 相似文献
4.
鲁西临朐铁寨杂岩体主要由石英二长玢岩和石英二长斑岩组成。为了精确厘定杂岩体的成岩时代和地球化学特征,对石英二长玢岩和石英二长斑岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学研究。结果表明,石英二长玢岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(129.0±1.7) Ma,其含有的继承锆石年龄为(2 520±30) Ma;石英二长斑岩的锆石年龄为(125.0±1.6) Ma。两种侵入岩均具有富硅、富碱和低钙镁的特征,石英二长玢岩比石英二长斑岩的Mg#值高;稀土总量较低,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu基本无异常;Sr、Ba含量高,Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素负异常。岩石地球化学特征表明:鲁西铁寨杂岩体来源为富集地幔部分熔融、同化混染了部分古老的地壳物质,两种岩性的Mg#值差异是磁铁矿分离结晶的结果。早白垩世滞留在地幔过渡带的太平洋板片脱水是岩石圈减薄的诱因,期间产生大量的岩浆岩,表明早白垩世是华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的峰期。 相似文献
5.
对庐枞盆地黄梅尖岩体内发育的辉绿玢岩开展了K-Ar法定年和系统的岩石地球化学特征研究。研究表明,辉绿玢岩形成年龄为107Ma±,属于晚白垩世产物。岩石出现2种辉石(单斜辉石和斜方辉石),w(SiO_2)介于51.93%～58.87%之间,具有富碱、高钾、贫钛等特征,岩石富集LREE、大离子亲石元素和强不相容元素,无Eu亏损现象,显示出洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线。锶同位素初始值(I_(Sr))介于0.70575～0.70588,DSr值介于57.46～58.80,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i介于0.512124～0.512188,εNd(t)值范围为-6.1～-7.3。我们认为黄梅尖辉绿玢岩属钾玄岩,其源区性质表现出富集地幔(EMI型)特征,庐枞盆地岩浆作用形成和演化与扬子陆块-华北陆块间陆陆碰撞后的伸展环境及软流圈物质上涌导致富集地幔部分熔融有关。黄梅尖钾玄岩限定了岩石圈减薄的时限,推测岩石圈减薄动力学演化过程可能对热液型铀成矿有重要的制约作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765
研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境,并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素,获得其锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma,表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb）,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素,稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型,具有明显的负Eu异常;显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A1亚型）花岗岩,形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境,其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前,属于挤压造山环境,表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。 相似文献
8.
辽东石庙沟地区位于华北陆块东部的辽吉造山/活动带上,该带经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,记录了多期岩浆-构造-变质事件。石庙沟岩体为花岗斑岩,富SiO2、Na2O和K2O,贫CaO、MgO及Al2O3,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ti、Ta、P）,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba、U）,A/CNK值大于1,REE配分曲线呈"海鸥"式分布,以具有显著的负Eu异常为特征,高Ga/Al值,与典型A型花岗岩特征一致。花岗斑岩中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明其成岩年龄为（123.0±1.6）Ma,为早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素分析表明,εHf（t）值均为负值,介于-15.72~-12.85之间,平均值为-14.14,二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）在2 164~1 989 Ma之间,平均为2 067 Ma,反映源岩以大陆壳成分为主。结合花岗斑岩高SiO2,低Mg、Co、Cr、Ni,且富集LREE和LILE,亏损HFSE等特征,表明早白垩世花岗斑岩岩浆应为大陆地壳物质熔融的产物。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究认为,早白垩世花岗斑岩是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲所形成的活动大陆边缘弧花岗岩。研究区早白垩世花岗斑岩的形成主要受太平洋构造域的影响,形成环境受板块俯冲造山后伸展作用和下地壳拆沉作用的联合制约,是辽东地区岩石圈减薄的直接证据。 相似文献
9.
西藏古堆地区煌斑岩地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近些年许多学者对煌斑岩的研究较多,但对藏南地区的煌斑岩研究甚少。本文通过对藏南古堆地区煌斑岩进行了主量元素、稀土及微量元素的研究,以便了解藏南古堆地区的构造演化环境。结果表明:煌斑岩中SiO_2含量为32.99%~52.62%,平均值41.39%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.01~2.31,平均值为0.73,为碱性玄武岩系列。岩石地球化学特征表明:以富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba),高场强元素相对亏损(如Ta、Zr)为特征,但高场强元素Nb相对富集。煌斑岩的成因具有幔源特征,是在新特提斯洋形成后经扩张,在岩石圈拉张伸展的动力学构造背景下,致使岩石圈减薄、地幔物质上涌,并遭受地壳物质混染而形成的。 相似文献
10.
湘东北中生代基性岩脉岩石地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湘东北基性岩脉以 K2 O/ Na2 O<1,K2 O+Na2 O在 3.0 3～ 5 .5 7之间为特征 ,属陆内拉斑玄武岩系列 ,部分煌斑岩属于碱性系列。岩石富 L REE,δEu负异常不明显 ,其形成主要受软流圈地幔部分熔融作用制约。岩石微量元素总体上具有富集地幔 (EMII型 )洋岛玄武岩 (OIB)特征 ,富集 Nd,P,Cs,而 K,Rb,Sr,U,Th等富集程度不明显 ,Ta,Nb略有富集。湘东北的北部地区基性岩脉虽表现出 Ta,Nb,Ti亏损 ,但 L IL E并不富集 ,可能反映地壳混染程度的增强 ,基性岩脉的特质组成与湘东南玄武岩类岩石基本一致。推测两者应具有同一个地幔源区。依据侵入关系和区域对比 ,认为湘东北基性岩脉的形成是早白垩世以后晚燕山期岩石圈拉张 -减薄作用产物 ,湘东北基性岩脉所处的构造环境应属于整个湘东南岩石圈伸展 -减薄带的一部分。 相似文献
11.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
12.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
13.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
14.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
17.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
19.
利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小. 相似文献
20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献