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通过对比分析1976年唐山7.8级和2008年汶川8.0级地震前后的区域水平和垂直形变场及跨断层形变的时空特征,归纳总结了与大地震孕育物理过程相关联的地壳形变共性特征.主要认识如下:(1)在中国大陆复杂的构造孕震环境下区域地壳形变场充分表现出非稳定态的起伏消长和复杂变化,在强震前孕震区地壳形变经历先增强后弱化的动态特征,剧烈形变局部化可能出现在震源区边缘附近;(2)震源区在震前数年主要表现为弱变形状态,可能是孕震晚期发震断层强闭锁、断层近场应力应变积累趋于极限的表现;(3)两次大地震前发震断层区域形变均显著偏离长期构造应变积累的变形方式,反映在大陆内部小尺度多块体的复杂构造孕震环境下局部应力应变场更容易出现扰动,且小块体边界临近发震的断层响应更为显著;(4)震源区边缘或外围可能出现显著的断层形变异常,而震源区内部由于发震断层处于强闭锁状态而不易观测到断层形变异常. 相似文献
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以“中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库”资料为基础,总结了中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场的基本特征,提出了划分构造应力分区的原则,将中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场划为四级应力区. 指出一级构造应力区主要受板块边界的几何特征和作用在边界上的力所控制,应力作用在大范围和长时间内保持均匀和稳定;二级构造应力区受控于区域块体间的相互作用,在较大区域范围内应力作用具有较强的相关性;三级构造应力区受控于区域内部块体间的相互作用,在一定区域范围内应力结构具有相似性;四级构造应力区受控于块体和断裂相互作用的影响,其应力性状(方向、强度、结构等)一致性较好. 论文还初步分析了控制中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分布的动力学环境. 相似文献
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分别研究构造块体内有多个震源体和单个震源体孕育时．应力集中过程、时空分布规律及其与地震活动、地震前兆的关系．结果表明：①当区域应力场增强到相当水平时，破裂开始在某个或某些块体内发生，区域应力场将随着时间而变化，强震的成组性是这个动态应力场演变的结果．在此过程中，多个高应力集中区的存在与发展，有可能导致震前异常与地震关系的多样性；②孕震块体的应力变化过程一般显示出非线性，在经历了长期弹性变形后，从进入非弹性变形阶段到主破裂前，可能经历不止一次的非弹性变形与断层软化过程；与此相应，孕震块体中的应力、应变场要表现出复杂的时空演化图象；受应力、应变控制的地震前兆场必然表现出多方面的复杂性． 相似文献
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地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(二)
——强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系x,auto,auto,415px);}style> hf=httprztl.com >business 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10 
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下载免费PDF全文 分别研究构造块体内有多个震源体和单个震源体孕育时，应力集中过程、时空分布规律及其与地震活动、地震前兆的关系．结果表明:① 当区域应力场增强到相当水平时，破裂开始在某个或某些块体内发生，区域应力场将随着时间而变化，强震的成组性是这个动态应力场演变的结果．在此过程中，多个高应力集中区的存在与发展，有可能导致震前异常与地震关系的多样性；② 孕震块体的应力变化过程一般显示出非线性，在经历了长期弹性变形后，从进入非弹性变形阶段到主破裂前，可能经历不止一次的非弹性变形与断层软化过程；与此相应，孕震块体中的应力、应变场要表现出复杂的时空演化图象；受应力、应变控制的地震前兆场必然表现出多方面的复杂性. 相似文献
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使用小震机制解资料 ,分析了 1975年海城 7 3级和 1976年唐山 7 8级强震及 1983年菏泽 5 9级和 1995年苍山 5 2级中强震前 ,震源区及其周围不同构造部位应力场的时、空变化 ,证实震前震源区附近应力场曾有某些异常改变 ,如唐山强震前震源区周围出现长达 4a多的小震机制解主应力轴一致性取向的现象 ,菏泽地震前小震机制解P轴“集中—转向” ,苍山地震前P轴偏转且一致性增强。同时还发现 ,唐山地震前应力场异常变化开始时间可能早于 1972年 ;震源区内的陡河台与源外区的昌黎台小震综合机制解反映出震前的受力差异 ;震源断层附近不同应力区内震源机制解和地震活动有时空动态差异。这些现象一定程度上提供了不同构造条件和应力背景下 ,中、强震前震源区不同构造部位力学状态的改变或地震孕育过程的信息 ,对研究不同地震的孕震过程及差异有一定意义。 相似文献
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大震前显示的地震震源机制趋于一致的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在构造应力场的制约下强震孕育过程中特定阶段, 震源区中小地震震源机制与构造应力场的方向大体一致, 根据这一特点, 定义各个震源机制解的P轴, B轴, T轴和构造应力场的3个应力主轴在3维空间的夹角之和为一致性参数a, 研究强震前应力场变化特征。 对2006年11月15日千岛岛弧MW8.3地震和2001年6月23日秘鲁MW8.4地震研究表明, 大震发生前孕震区一致性参数a比较低, 震源机制与构造应力场的差异较小, 说明这些前震受到了震源区应力场的统一作用, 而主震发生之后震源机制解的一致性参数比较高, 说明后续发生的地震的震源机制散乱, 表明背景应力场的控制作用开始减弱。 相似文献
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2009年云南姚安6.0级地震震源机制与发震构造的分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用P波、SV波、SH波初动及其振幅比联合反演震源机制解的方法,计算了2009年7月9日发生在云南姚安6.0级地震余震序列的震源机制解,同时结合地震序列的空间分布,对姚安6.0级地震的发震断层性质和震区应力场特征进行综合分析。结果分析表明：（1）姚安6.0级地震发震断层为NWW—SEE向的直立右旋走滑断层,与美国哈佛大学的主震CMT解节面基本一致,也与余震优势方向分布一致,证明结果可靠;（2）震区主压应力场优势方向为NNW—SSE向,与其现今区域构造应力场主压应力NNW—SSE向一致,表明主震应力场主要受到现今区域构造应力场的控制,同时还有一些小的余震与主震应力场不同,表明震区应力场的多样性和复杂性;（3）结合本次地震序列的空间分布、震源机制解特征、震区断裂构造特征综合分析,综合判定姚安6.0级地震的发震构造属于马尾箐断裂。 相似文献
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利用P波、SV波、SH波初动及其振幅比联合反演震源机制解的方法,计算了2009年7月9日发生在云南姚安6.0级地震余震序列的震源机制解,同时结合地震序列的空间分布,对姚安6.0级地震的发震断层性质和震区应力场特征进行综合分析。结果分析表明：（1）姚安6.0级地震发震断层为NWW—SEE向的直立右旋走滑断层,与美国哈佛大学的主震CMT解节面基本一致,也与余震优势方向分布一致,证明结果可靠;（2）震区主压应力场优势方向为NNW—SSE向,与其现今区域构造应力场主压应力NNW—SSE向一致,表明主震应力场主要受到现今区域构造应力场的控制,同时还有一些小的余震与主震应力场不同,表明震区应力场的多样性和复杂性;（3）结合本次地震序列的空间分布、震源机制解特征、震区断裂构造特征综合分析,综合判定姚安6.0级地震的发震构造属于马尾箐断裂。 相似文献
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在中国大陆活动地块假说及活动边界研究的基础上，将中国大陆按照地震活动特征进行分区. 利用大地震的震源机制资料和历史强震资料，结合小震综合节面解，研究了各地震区的应力应变状态，给出了各地震区的平均应力主轴方向和平均应变率. 应用地震应变能积累释放模型研究了各地震区的地震活动水平. 结果表明最大剪切应变率与地震活动水平存在线性关系. 将地震资料给出的中国大陆地壳应力应变场与GPS测量给出的结果进行了比较，初步说明了两种结果存在着统一性，从而显示出活动地块运动变形与强震活动的内在联系. 相似文献
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Based on analysis of background of geological tectonic movement and strong earthquake activity, we first obtained the focal mechanism solutions using amplitude ratio and CAP method, then determined the characteristic of average stress field of the study area by inversion of the stress field. On this basis, we selected the source mechanism consistency parameter as the inspection index to obtain the latest changes of stress field in Hetao seismic zone based on its temporal and spatial analysis. Two methods were used in the stress field inversion for comparison and analysis, which are average stress axis tensor and LSIB(Linear stress inversion bootstrap, LSIB). According to the geological tectonic movement and focal mechanism solutions of MS≥4.0 earthquakes from 1970, we judge that the stress field evolution process of Hetao seismic belt is controlled jointly by vertical difference movement and horizontal shear movement, resulting in that the normal fault and strike-slip fault mechanisms are dominating.Taking into account the station layout of the study area, and in order to ensure the accuracy of calculation, we calculated 224 earthquakes focal mechanism solutions by using amplitude ratio and CAP method, including 164 earthquakes with 2.8≤ML<3.5, 42 earthquakes with 3.5≤ML<4.0, and 18 earthquakes with ML≥4.0; The statistical results on type of focal mechanisms show that, there are 142 strike-slip earthquakes(63.4%), 50 normal fault earthquakes(22.3%)and 32 thrust fault earthquakes(14.3%). In this study period(from 2001 to 2012), most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Hetao seismic belt, this is one of the inherent characteristics of the stress field.The result of average stress axis tensor and LSIB shows that, the azimuth of maximum compressional stress is 47°～52°, direction is NE-SW; The azimuth of minimum compressional stress is 313°～322°, direction is NW-SE; This indicates that, the stress field characteristics of Hetao seismic belt and its sub-block are not completely consistent. Linhe Basin exhibits coordinated stress field characteristics with Hetao seismic belt, but Hubao Basin exhibits regional differences, direction of compressive stress has clockwise deflection in Baotou area, and the compressive stress direction is NEE. This heteropical character of stress field is also confirmed by horizontal projection distribution of stress axis of historical strong earthquakes and recent moderate and small earthquakes. Since 2003, the temporal sequence curve of consistency parameter of Hetao seismic belt had a downward trend, this change was caused by focal mechanism consistency parameter of Linhe to Wuhai area, which indicates that this structural position is possible to be a priority area for stress accumulation and accelerated release in future. 相似文献
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南北地震带作为中国大陆地应力场一级分区的边界,其构造应力场的研究对理解大陆强震机理、构造变形和地震应力的相互作用具有重要意义.本文收集南北地震带1970—2014年的震源机制解819条,按照全球应力图的分类标准对震源机制解进行分类,发现其空间分布特征与地质构造活动性质比较吻合.P轴水平投影指示了活动块体的运动方向,T轴水平投影在川滇块体及邻近地区空间差异特征最为突出,存在顺时针旋转的趋势.南北地震带的最大水平主应力方向具有明显的分区特征,北段为NE向走滑类型的应力状态,中段为NEE—EW—NWW向的逆冲类型,南段为SE—SSE—NS—NNE向走滑和正断类型,在川滇块体的北部和西边界应力状态为EW—SE—SSE的正断层类型,表明来自印度板块的NNE或NE向的水平挤压应力和青藏高原物质东向滑移沿大型走滑断裂带向SE向平移的复合作用控制了南北地震带的岩石圈应力场.川滇块体西边界正断层类型应力状态范围与高分辨率地震学观测得到的中下地壳低速带范围基本吻合,青藏高原向东扩张的塑性物质流与横向边界(丽江—小金河断裂带)的弱化易于应变能的释放,在局部地区使NS向拉张的正断层向EW向拉张正断层转变.反演得到的应力状态基本上与各种类型地震的破裂方式比较吻合,也进一步验证反演结果的可靠性,可为地球动力学过程的模拟和活动断层滑动性质的厘定提供参考. 相似文献
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阿尔金地区构造应力场研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用软材料和激光全息光弹模拟实验方法,分析了阿尔金地区现代构造应力场的特征和在区域应力场作用下阿尔金断层的活动规律以及大震前后震区应力场的调整情况,结果表明:阿尔金地区现今构造应力场主压应力轴近南北向,南边印度板块向北推进的过程中,使得青藏高原西北边界的阿尔金断裂各段的活动性质和滑移速度不同。东西两段左旋位移较明显;中段呈明显压性;应力集中区分布在一些特殊构造部位。模拟大震应力释放反映,大震后震中区附近剪应力值迅速下降,周围一些地区的剪应力值升高,形成未来地震危险区。 相似文献
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腾冲火山区及周围地区震源机制与构造应力场分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对腾冲火山区及周围地区强震震源深度和震源机制空间分布及区域现代构造应力场特征进行了研究。由我国西南地区直到缅甸中深源地震带的区域构造应力场空间分布格局,充分显示出我国西南地区在现代构造运动过程中,受到以印度板块对亚欧板块碰撞挤压作用为主要动力源,在东部同时受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块远距离作用影响的总体特征。腾冲火山区主要受到印度板块在缅甸中深源地震带产生的侧面挤压剪切的直接作用。腾冲火山区所属的腾冲龙陵地震带是西南地区区域构造应力场分区的一条重要边界。腾冲火山区主要受到北东———北东东向的区域压应力场作用,同时也可能受到东侧毗邻应力场分区南南东———南东向压应力场的影响。 相似文献
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Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in Jiashi, Xinjiang and adjacent regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
崔效锋 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(4):370-379
Introduction The Pamirs region where Jiashi is located is one of the most active regions of continental plate dynamics in China. Frequent earthquakes here, especially several strong earthquakes oc- curred in 1997 and 2003, have provided excellent conditions for studying the tectonic stress field in this region and a large number of results (GAO and WEN, 2000; GAO et al, 2004; XU, 2001; ZHOU et al, 2001) have been obtained. Although different methods and data were used, under- standings … 相似文献
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依托大庆城市活动断层探测项目,开展大庆区域地震活动性研究。筛选黑龙江省及周边662个地震事件的震相到时,修订研究区域走时模型。对研究区148个地震运用交切法和双差法重新定位,对比发现,双差定位后地震定位精度显著提高,地震空间分布更加集中,条带状更为明显,震源深度表明,研究区孕震层基本位于地壳中上部。利用震源机制解资料,对工作区现代构造应力场进行分析,认为本区域构造应力场主压应力方向为NE向,以水平走滑作用为主。 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On October 17, 2014, a MS6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo MS6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with ML ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature. 相似文献