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对在一些作者中，在决定时间特征尺度，垂直速度特征尺度和分析高阶微商量级上的分歧进行了讨论，得出了初步结论。即对于单一尺度的运动，τ－L／U，W≤MUH/L和δ^nf/δx^n-F/L^n，根据讨论结果，给出了大气几种常用尺度运动的特征尺度的量级。还与中尺度重力波和强对流情况的分析观测结果进行了比较。 相似文献
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西北太平洋热带气旋尺度的气候特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用美国联合台风警报中心（Joint Typhoon Warning Center,简称JTWC）整编的2001-2006年的热带气旋（简称TC）资料,分析了TC尺度季节变化特征、区域分布情况,并讨论了TC尺度和强度的关系,初步探讨了西北太平洋热带气旋尺度的气候特征。研究结果表明：TC尺度有明显的季节变化特征,平均尺度在4月份最大,达到230．4km,2月份最小,为69．5km;TC尺度有明显的区域分布不均匀性,TC尺度出现最大值的区域位于28．6～29．5°N,131．1～133．0°E的海面上,而在123°E以东和12°N以南地区,TC尺度往往都在200km以下;对于不同强度的TC,其尺度与强度变幅有明显差异,热带风暴（TS）的24h尺度变幅最大,而台风（TY）的24h强度变幅最大;TC尺度和强度的相关性在不同路径下是有差异的,西北行、西行、北上型的TC尺度与强度呈显著的正相关,两者的相关系数达到了0．93以上,东北行和回旋型的TC尺度和强度的相关系数接近0．6,转向型TC的相关系数在0．85左右;此外,TC尺度和强度的相关性在其生命史的不同阶段也存在显著差异,在发展期,尺度和强度的相关性最好,其相关系数达到0．92,其他阶段相关性则减弱． 相似文献
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边界层局地相似理论在草原下垫面的适用性检验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用锡林浩特草原平坦下垫面塔层湍流资料,对常值通量层的高度进行了估计,检验了局地相似理论在均匀草原下垫面的适用性,对Monin-Obukhov相似理论和局地相似理论在常值通量层以上的大气边界层的适用性进行了比较。结果表明:(1)对于锡林浩特草原来说,常值通量层厚度在50m左右;(2)通过分析无量纲风速和温度梯度、无量纲风速方差、无量纲标量(温度T、水汽q、CO2浓度C)方差与稳定度z/L之间的关系,验证了局地相似理论在均匀草原下垫面70m以下大气边界层的适用性;(3)感热通量尺度与浮力长度尺度之间存在线性关系;(4)从经典Monin-Obukhov长度、局地Monin-Obukhov尺度和浮力长度尺度的对比分析来看,局地尺度更适用于50m以上的大气边界层,而浮力长度尺度不适用于50m以上的大气边界层。 相似文献
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应用三维数据的时间小波变换方法,分析了夏季南亚高压年际变化的特征时间尺度及其时空演变。结果表明:夏季南亚高压年际变化的特征时间尺度分别约为2,5,10年和更长的时间尺度。2,5,10年特征尺度的较大振幅能量活动区主要位于20°N以南、35°N以南和15°~35°N之间,其中5年特征尺度的最大中心位于青藏高原上空32.5°N,92.5°E附近,10年特征尺度的最大中心则位于青藏高原东侧27.5°N,110°E附近。与5年特征尺度相对应的最大振幅能量活动中心纬度的位势高度值表现出了明显的东西向波动的时间演变特征,与10年特征尺度相对应的最大振幅能量活动中心纬度的位势高度值变化则表现出了向东移动趋势的时间演变特征。与5年和10年特征尺度相对应的最大振幅能量活动中心经度的位势高度值变化则表现出了一种明显向北移动的时间演变趋势。 相似文献
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基于改进的温带气旋客观识别方法,统计分析1986—2015年4—6月不同空间尺度江淮流域温带气旋的发展率及移动特征。结果表明:1)整体气旋发展率呈先上升、后下降趋势,较大空间尺度气旋发展率呈显著上升趋势,中间尺度气旋发展率无明显变化趋势。2)较大尺度气旋源地集中在湖北、湖南交界处,中间尺度气旋源地位于安徽等江淮流域东部,各尺度气旋源地位于整层大气非绝热加热项大值区域内。3)气旋初生阶段,江淮流域存在风速切变线,淮北地区风速小于淮南地区,江淮流域上空对流层低层位势高度为负距平,中高层则为正距平,属浅薄低压系统。4)不论何种尺度气旋,均存在东移和东北移动路径,但较大尺度气旋东北移动路径的比例较大。 相似文献
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2016年1月低温事件的季节内振荡特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NECP/DOE逐日再分析资料,分析了2016年1月发生在我国南方的持续低温事件。结果表明,此次过程存在明显的季节内振荡特征,其中准双周振荡为气温变化的主要模态。此次低温事件之所以达到寒潮级别,是由于天气尺度变化与10~20 d气温准双周振荡处于相同的降温变化过程中。准双周尺度的冷中心与天气尺度冷中心均从中高纬度向低纬地区传播,并在我国南方汇合,从而引起持续性的低温。通过诊断温度局地变化方程发现,此次天气过程中,温度平流项和绝热变化项是近地层局地温度降低的主要原因。天气尺度气温变化与10~20 d低频振荡对持续降温都有较大贡献,天气尺度降温略大于低频降温。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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