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1.
2012年楚科奇海及其邻近海域浮游植物现存量和初级生产力粒级结构研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过2012年夏季第五次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海及其邻近海域现场调查所获得的数据分析研究了海域的粒度分级叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的高值均出现在楚科奇海陆架区,并且远高于深海区。去程时调查海域水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.32~15.66mg/m3,平均(2.77±3.96)mg/m3,高值区出现在南部邻近白令海峡海域、北部阿拉斯加巴罗近岸和冰缘区;初级生产力的范围为50.11~943.28mg/(m2d),高值出现在冰缘水华区。返程时水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.07~1.52mg/m3,平均(0.41±0.40)mg/m3,高值仍出现在陆架区,但比去程时低了一个数量级;初级生产力的分布范围为12.31~41.35mg/(m2d),高值出现在陆架区。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较低的深海区,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的粒级结构以微微型浮游生物(Pico级份)占优势(其贡献率分别为46.1%和56.9%),小型(Net级份)和微型(Nano级份)对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献差异极小,分别为26.6%和27.3%,对总初级生产力的贡献分别为23.8%和19.3%;而在生物量较高的水深小于200m的陆架区,Net级份叶绿素a浓度所占百分比最高,Pico级份次之,Nano级份最低,分别为59.8%、27.9%和12.3%,初级生产力的粒级结构中叶绿素a浓度所占百分比由高到低同样是Net、Pico和Nano,所占百分比分别为60.6%,32.2%和7.2%。 相似文献
2.
Biomass and primary productivity of picophytoplankton (PP; phytoplankton <3 μm) and larger phytoplankton (>3 μm) were determined during an annual cycle along the salinity gradient in North Carolina’s Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a eutrophic, microtidal estuary. The PP were a major component of total phytoplankton biomass and productivity, contributing ∼35–44% of the total chlorophyll a (Chl a) and 42–55% of the total primary productivity. Chl a and productivity of PP decreased from the upper to lower estuary, although the PP contribution relative to larger phytoplankton remained nearly constant. Significant PP growth occurred in the spring, but PP productivity and biomass were maximal in summer. PP productivity and biomass were positively correlated with temperature and dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations, which were maximal in summer due to release from sediments. Biomass and productivity of PP and >3 μm phytoplankton were also positively correlated, suggesting that growth conditions favoring the onset of blooms of larger phytoplankton species will similarly affect PP. High PP productivity and biomass in the NRE support the notion that PP play an important role in the production and eutrophication potentials of this estuary. High PP productivity and biomass have been noted in several other temperate estuaries, all sharing a common feature with the NRE—long residence time. These findings challenge the assumption that PP relative importance should be minimal in eutrophic systems. 相似文献
3.
4.
2009年2月在南海北部海域现场观测粒度分级叶绿素a质量浓度和初级生产力(PP)的分布。结果表明,调查海域水柱平均叶绿素a质量浓度的变化范围为0.11～8.37 mg/m3,平均为(1.28±2.23) mg/m3,高值区出现在珠江口及近岸海域;初级生产力的范围为344.8～1 222.5 mgC/(m2·d),平均为(784.2±351.4) mgC/(m2·d),高值区位于近岸及陆架海域。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较高的近岸海域,叶绿素a的粒级结构以小型浮游植物占优势,其贡献率为40.9%,微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率分别为34.6%和24.5%;而在生物量较低的陆坡和开阔海域,各粒级浮游植物对叶绿素a的贡献率由大到小依次为微微型浮游植物(78.9%),微型浮游植物(17.2%)和小型浮游植物(3.9%)。相关性分析结果表明,调查海域分级叶绿素a的区域化分布特征与洋流运动下营养盐的分布密切相关,同时叶绿素a又高度影响着此区域PP的分布。此外,我们将调查海域实测所得浮游植物最佳光合作用速率与采用垂向归一化初级生产力模型估算的数据进行对比,发现后者明显低于前者,这说明通过水温估算最佳光合作用速率的算法在冬季南海北部可能存在低估。 相似文献
5.
磷元素是海洋基础营养盐之一,其赋存形态及分布直接影响海区的初级生产力,是海洋生物地球化学循环的重要驱动力。但大河河口与近海等重要的水生关键带水动力循环过程复杂,导致悬浮颗粒物(SPM )中磷元素的赋存形态和分布特征变化多端,亟须深入研究。根据2016年春季(4?5月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(9?10月)对浙江近岸海域的调查结果,本研究分析了浙江近岸海域SPM中总磷(TPP)、无机磷(PIP)和有机磷(POP)的含量水平、空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明,浙江近岸海域SPM中TPP含量范围为0.13～66.13 μmol/L,均值为3.35 μmol/L;PIP含量范围为0.03～34.19 μmol/L,均值为1.97 μmol/L;POP含量范围为0.06～31.94 μmol/L,均值为1.39 μmol/L。PIP是浙江近岸海域水体中TPP的主要存在形式,占52.3%。春季浙江近岸海域表层TPP含量占总磷(TP)含量的19.3%～97.7%。春、秋季的SPM中,TPP、PIP和POP含量空间分布相似,均呈现由内湾向外海逐渐降低的变化趋势。PIP、POP与SPM呈显著的正相关性,表现出高SPM含量的海区有着较高的颗粒态磷含量,说明其受陆源输入的影响。春季盐度大于28且SPM含量小于20 mg/L的外侧远海海域,POP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率均明显高于PIP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率,说明该区域浮游植物是POP的主要贡献来源。 相似文献
6.
Andrés Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Mikel Latasa Marta Estrada Montserrat Vidal Celia Marrasé 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(4):486-500
The carbon flux through major phytoplankton groups, defined by their pigment markers, was estimated in two contrasting conditions of the Northwestern Mediterranean open ocean ecosystem: the spring bloom and post-bloom situations (hereafter Bloom and Post-bloom, respectively). During Bloom, surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration was higher and dominated by diatoms (53% of Chl a), while during Post-bloom Synechococcus (42%) and Prymnesiophyceae (29%) became dominant. The seawater dilution technique, coupled to high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of pigments and flow cytometry (FCM), was used to estimate growth and grazing rates of major phytoplankton groups in surface waters. Estimated growth rates were corrected for photoacclimation based on FCM-detected changes in red fluorescence per cell. Given the 30% average decrease in the pigment content per cell between the beginning and the end of the incubations, overlooking photoacclimation would have resulted in a 0.40 d?1 underestimation of phytoplankton growth rates. Corrected average growth rates (μo) were 0.90±0.20 (SD) and 0.40±0.14 d?1 for Bloom and Post-bloom phytoplankton, respectively. Diatoms, Cryptophyceae and Synechococcus were identified as fast-growing groups and Prymnesiophyceae and Prasinophyceae as slow-growing groups across Bloom and Post-bloom conditions. The higher growth rate during Bloom was due to dominance of phytoplankton groups with higher growth rates than those dominating in Post-bloom. Average grazing rates (m) were 0.58±0.20 d?1 (SD) and 0.31±0.07 d?1. The proportion of phytoplankton growth consumed by microzooplankton grazing (m/μo) tended to be lower in Bloom (0.69±0.34) than in Post-bloom (0.80±0.08). The intensity of nutrient limitation experienced by phytoplankton indicated by μo/μn (where μn is the nutrient-amended growth rate), was similar during Bloom (0.78) and Post-bloom (0.73). Primary production from surface water (PP) was estimated with 14C incubations. A combination of PP and Chl a synthesis rate yielded C/Chl a ratios of 34±21 and 168±75 (g:g) for Bloom and Post-bloom, respectively. Transformation of group-specific Chl a fluxes into carbon equivalents confirmed the dominant role of diatoms during Bloom and Synechococcus and Prymnesiophyceae during Post-bloom. 相似文献
7.
Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwelling zone compared with the surrounding offshore area. Based on pigments analysis with subsequent calculations of group contributions to total chlorophyll a(Chl a) using CHEMTAX, we studied the distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum along the south coast of Java and the influence of upwelling. Nineteen phytoplankton pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and CHEMTAX analysis associated these to ten major phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community in the coastal area influenced by upwelling was characterized by high Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations, indicating the dominance of diatoms. In contrast, in the offshore area, the Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations declined to very low levels and the community was dominated by haptophytes represented by 19′-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin. Accordingly, microphytoplankton was found to be the major size class in the coastal area influenced by upwelling, while nanophytoplankton was most abundant in the offshore area. Low concentrations of other accessory pigments indicated less contribution from dinoflagellates,prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Photo-pigment indices revealed that photosynthetic carotenoids(PSCs) were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of Chl a, with the average PSCTP up to 0.62. These distribution trends can mainly be explained by phytoplankton adaption strategies to upwelling and subsurface conditions by changing species composition and adjusting the pigment pool. 相似文献
8.
Three types of primary productivity (PP) models were evaluated in a mesoscale area around the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). Input variables were: phytoplankton carbon biomass, Chlorophyll a, sea water temperature, daily irradiance, among others, collected in situ during an oceanographic cruise (COUPLING, January 2010). Models of the first type were based on Chl a measurements: the widely used model VGPM (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997) and a derived version developed for the Western Antarctic Peninsula (Dierssen et al., 2000). The second type included two models based on phytoplankton carbon biomass: one developed for the whole Southern Ocean (Arrigo et al., 2008) and one based on the Metabolic Theory of Ecology developed by López-Urrutia et al. (2006), being the first time that a model with these features is used for Antarctic waters. The third type was an updated version of the carbon-based model CbPM (first described by Behrenfeld et al. (2005)) based on the Chl a/carbon biomass ratio modulation. The degree of agreement among the results between the different types of models turned out to be low (> 30% of difference), but high within models of the same type (< 10% of difference). Biomass-based model predictions differed the most from those estimated by the other two types. The differences in PP estimates were primarily attributed to the different ways these models treat the phytoplankton assemblage, along with the difference in input variables. Among the five models evaluated, the output from the modified version of the CbPM showed the lowest bias (0.55) being the most realistic. It made a special attempt to detect the factors controlling phytoplankton physiological state, showing a nutrient limitation towards the Drake area similar to the one observed for the in situ PP values. 相似文献
9.
Tetsuya Nishikawa Yutaka Hori Satoshi Nagai Kazutaka Miyahara Yukinobu Nakamura Kazuhiro Harada Kuninao Tada Ichiro Imai 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(2):153-164
Long-term changes of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella spp. (Chattonella antiqua, Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata) were examined in relation to environmental factors at 19 sampling stations in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, for 36 years from 1973 to 2008. Long-term trends in the dynamics of Chattonella populations were considered to relate to environmental factors such as nutrient concentrations and water temperature. High nutrient levels during the period from the 1970s to the early 1980s have contributed to the high cell density and large-scale red tides of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. However, nutrient levels exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter, and it is thought that Chattonella spp. cannot form large-scale blooms under the present conditions. After the mid-1990s, the occurrence period of vegetative cells of Chattonella spp. has been several weeks or 1 month earlier than that of the 1970s and early 1980s, and the appearance frequency of Chattonella spp. has increased in the northern coastal area, although the cell density and the spatial scale of the distribution have become lower and smaller than those in the previous decades. It is suggested that the timing of germination of Chattonella cysts has become earlier as a result of the increase in water temperature, and the chances of vegetative growth have also increased, especially at the northern coast where most of large rivers discharge into the Harima-Nada. In addition, the present results revealed that fewer diatoms were also one of the significant factors for the high abundance of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. 相似文献
10.
Yukiko Taniuchi Tsuyoshi Watanabe Shigeho Kakehi Tomoko Sakami Akira Kuwata 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(1):1-9
Sendai Bay is located on the Pacific coast of northern Japan and suffered serious damage following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011. To assess the impact on the marine ecosystem, information was needed on the phytoplankton communities and their seasonal variation. However, such information was limited. Therefore, an intensive monitoring of the phytoplankton was carried out from March 2012 to April 2014. Seasonal variation of the phytoplankton community was similar at coastal and offshore stations. Total phytoplankton biomass, based on Chl a concentration, peaked in spring and then decreased to a minimum in summer, before gradually increasing during early winter and peaking again in the following spring. This seasonal pattern was consistent with previous studies conducted before the earthquake and tsunami. Also, size structure of the phytoplankton community and its four main groups was estimated from the size-fractioned samples of Chl a. Our results also showed that the spring bloom consisted of large diatoms, with their growth ceasing due to nitrogen depletion. The bloom was followed by a summer period where cyanobacteria and picoeukaryote became dominant, with high cell densities in spite of low nutrient concentrations. In addition, sporadic environmental changes, such as those following typhoons, were observed. These resulted in large increases/decreases in individual phytoplankton groups. 相似文献
11.
B.G. Crespo O. Espinoza-GonzálezI.G. Teixeira C.G. CastroF.G. Figueiras 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(2):172-181
Microbial plankton biomass, primary production (PP) and phytoplankton growth rates (μ) were estimated along the NW Iberian margin during an upwelling relaxation event. Although the interaction between wind forcing and coastline singularities caused high spatial variability in PP (0.4-8.4 g C m−2 d−1), two domains (coastal and oceanic) could be distinguished regarding microbial plankton biomass and μ. At the coastal domain, with higher influence of upwelling, diatoms showed an important contribution (27 ± 17%) to total autotrophic biomass (AB). Nonetheless, AB was dominated by autotrophic nanoflagellates (ANF) at both realms, accounting for 62 ± 16% and 89 ± 6% of the integrated AB at the coastal and oceanic domain respectively. AB and heterotrophic biomass (HB) were significantly higher at the oceanic than at the coastal domain, with both biomasses covarying according to HB:AB = 0.33. Whereas the low phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll a ratio (Cph:chl a = 38 ± 3) and the high μ = 0.54 ± 0.09 d−1 registered at the coastal stations suggest that phytoplankton was not nutrient limited at this domain, the values (Cph:chl a = 157 ± 8; μ = 0.17 ± 0.02 d−1) recorded at the oceanic domain point to severe nutrient limitation. However, the high Fv/Fm fluorescence ratios (0.56 ± 0.09) measured at the sea surface in the oceanic domain suggest that nutrient limitation did not occur. To reconcile these two apparently opposite views, it is suggested the occurrence of mixotrophic nutrition of ANF, with heterotrophic nutrition supplying about 75% of carbon requirements. 相似文献
12.
The content of chlorophyll (Chl), the intensity of delayed fluorescence (DF), the primary production (PP), and the concentrations of macronutrients were measured in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan during cruise 30 of R/V Professor Gagarinskii in the autumn of 2000. Sixty-three stations were executed in two steps: October 12–17 (stations 2–34) and October 29–November 3 (stations 35–63). At all the stations, CTD probes were performed. Three cross sections were executed twice within a 2-to 3-week interval, during which structural changes in the hydrological fields took place due to the development of an upwelling. During this time, the length of a day and the daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased notably. The vertical profiles of Chl and DF showed pronounced maxima. The waters of the shallow-water stations were characterized by an increased Chl content as compared to the deep-water stations. The content of Chl in the photosynthetic layer amounted from 11 to 30 mg/m2; the PP values were from 120 to 520 mg C/m2/day. At the shallow-water stations, during the second step, the Chl concentration increased by roughly 60% (on average, from 0.47 ± 0.22 to 0.77 ± 0.42 mg/m3); the PP value grew by about 40% (from 268 ± 67 to 370 ± 72 mg C/m2/day). At the deep-water stations, this increase was small (the Chl concentration and PP value increased from 0.37 ± 0.20 to 0.41 ± 0.18 mg/m3 and from 356 ± 72 to 377 ± 74 mg C/m2/day, respectively). The changes noted proceeded due to the increase in the nutrient concentrations during the time between the two surveys, despite the decrease in the length of the day and of the daily PAR. The observations performed showed that, during the autumn time, the horizontal water advection across the shelf, caused by the development of the upwelling, plays the key role in the variations of the production characteristics of the Primor’e coastal zone. 相似文献
13.
Evidence of microphytobenthic roles on coastal shallow water of the Seto Inland Sea,Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study describes the temporal variation of microphytobenthic biomass and its controlling factors, as well as the impact
of microphytobenthic activities on coastal shallow sediment in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigments and sedimentary biophilic element (C, N, P and Si) contents in surface sediments, as well as nutrient concentrations
at the sediment-water interface (overlying water and pore water) were observed monthly during November 2003 to May 2005 at
one site in Shido Bay (water depth ca. 7 m) and at one site in Harima-Nada (35 m). No correlation was observed between the sedimentary biophilic elements and other
parameters. The maximum chlorophyll a content of 48.2 μg g–1 was found in surface sediments under the photon flux reaching the seafloor of 537 μmol photon m–2 s–1 during the winter period when water transparency was the highest at station S (Shido Bay). Our results suggest that higher
chlorophyll a content in surface sediment was due to the fresh microphytobenthic biomass (mainly benthic diatom). We also found a significant
negative correlation between Chl a and inorganic nutrients in pore water during the low temperature period, especially silicic acid. This result suggests that
the silicic acid was assimilated largely during the increase of microphytobenthic biomass in surface sediment. This study
suggests that the microphytobenthic roles may have a great effect on nutrient budgets during the large supply of irradiance
(winter periods) for their photosynthetic growth in shallow coastal waters. 相似文献
14.
珠江口初级生产力和新生产力研究 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
1996年12月和1997年8月在珠江河口湾及其毗邻海域对浮游植物生物量、初级生产力和新生产力及其环境制约机制的研究.结果表明,调查海区的叶绿素a、初级生产力和新生产力均是夏季高于冬季,冬、夏两季的平均值分别为(0.95±0.41)和(1.08±0.52)μg/dm3,(69.2±75.5)和(198.7±119.1)mg/(m2·d),(1.46±0.79)和(3.05±3.09)mg/(m3·h).冬、夏两季平均f-比分别为0.45和0.38.分级叶绿素a结果显示,冬、夏两季均以微型和微微型级分(<20μm)占优势,其对海区叶绿素a的贡献分别为796%和81.6%,对初级生产力的贡献分别为70.7%和896%.调查海区具显著的空间区域化特征,叶绿素a和潜在初级生产力的高值出现在冲淡水区的中部,向口门区和远岸区逐渐降低.现场初级生产力的高值出现在远岸区,它与复合参数BeZpI0(Be为真光层平均叶绿素a,Zp为真光层深度,I0为海面光辐射强度-PAR)呈很好的正相关,说明光是研究海区初级生产力的主要限制因子.新生产力冬、夏两季的高值分别出现在交椅湾和伶仃洋西南部. 相似文献
15.
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing were studied during the 2007 spring bloom in Central Yellow Sea. The surveyed stations were divided to pre-bloom phase (Chl a concentration less than 2 μg L−1), and bloom phase (Chl a concentration greater than 2 μg L−1). Shipboard dilution incubation experiments were carried out at 19 stations to determine the phytoplankton specific growth rates and the specific grazing rates of microzooplankton on phytoplankton. Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton community in surface waters at most stations. For microzooplankton, Myrionecta rubra and tintinnids were dominant, and heterotrophic dinoflagellate was also important in the community. Phytoplankton-specific growth rates, with an average of 0.60±0.19 d−1, were higher at pre-bloom stations (average 0.62±0.17 d−1), and lower at the bloom stations (average 0.59±0.21 d−1), but the difference of growth rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was not statistically significant (t test, p=0.77). The phytoplankton mortality rate by microzooplankton grazing averaged 0.41±0.23 d−1 at pre-bloom stations, and 0.58±0.31 d−1 during the blooms. In contrast to the growth rates, the statistic difference of grazing rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was significant (after removal of outliers, t test, p=0.04), indicating the importance of the top-down control in the phytoplankton bloom processes. Average potential grazing efficiency on primary productivity was 66% at pre-bloom stations and 98% at bloom stations, respectively. Based on our results, the biomass maximum phase (bloom phase) was not the maximum growth rate phase. Both phytoplankton specific growth rate and net growth rate were higher in the pre-bloom phase than during the bloom phase. Microzooplankton grazing mortality rate was positively correlated with phytoplankton growth rate during both phases, but growth and grazing were highly coupled during the booming phase. There was no correlation between phytoplankton growth rate and cell size during the blooms, but they were positive correlated during the pre-bloom phase. Our results indicate that microzooplankton grazing is an important process controlling the growth of phytoplankton in spring bloom period in the Central Yellow Sea, particularly in the “blooming” phase. 相似文献
16.
长江口南部赤潮区春季表层沉积物中色素组成、含量与分布状况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为剖析长江口邻近海域春季硅藻藻华后期藻类沉降与底层水体缺氧现象之间的关系,作者于2011年春季,在长江口南部赤潮区采集了表层沉积物样品,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对浮游植物色素进行了分析。结果表明,硅藻藻华发生后,表层沉积物中叶绿素a(Chl a)、岩藻黄素(Fuco)和19’-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-Fuco)含量有显著增加,高值区主要分布在调查海域东南侧50 m等深线外侧,与底层低氧水体分布区基本吻合。因此,硅藻藻华后沉降的藻类对于该海域夏季缺氧区的形成应具有一定作用,其具体过程和机制仍有待于研究。 相似文献
17.
Koji Sugie Kenshi Kuma Satoshi Fujita Satomi Ushizaka Koji Suzuki Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(2):183-196
We report on the ability for luxury Fe uptake and the potential for growth utilizing intracellular Fe pools for 4 coastal
centric diatom isolates and in situ phytoplankton assemblages, mainly composed of diatoms. Iron uptake of the diatom isolates
and natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Oyashio region during spring blooms were prevented by adding hydroxamate siderophore
desferrioxamine B (DFB). After the addition of DFB, intracellular Fe in the diatom isolates supported 2.4–4.2 cell divisions
with 1.2–2.6 Chl a doublings. The intracellular Fe was primarily used for cell generation rather than Chl a production, leading to a reduction in the Chl a cell quota in the Fe-starved cells with time. The metabolic properties of the Fe-starved cells with their cell morphologies
were different among species or genera. An on-deck incubation experiment also exhibited 1.9 cell divisions and 0.81 Chl a doublings of phytoplankton after the addition of DFB, also indicating the preference of cell generation over Chl a production. A decrease in the level of cellular Chl a, a main light-harvesting pigment in Fe-starved diatoms, may become a superior survival strategy to protect the cells from
high irradiance that can cause photo-oxidative damages through photosynthesis. Such relatively low-Fe with high-light conditions
could often occur in surface waters of the Oyashio region from spring to summer. 相似文献
18.
Kenichiro Hamada Naoko Ueda Machiko Yamada Kuninao Tada Shigeru Montani 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(1):173-182
Biologically important nutrient concentrations in Dokai Bay have declined as a result of reductions in anthropogenic inputs
of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A decrease in nutrient concentrations affects phytoplankton growth, thereby changing
the biochemical characteristics of autochthonous particulate matter. We therefore investigated changes in the C/N/P molar
ratio of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the summer, when phytoplankton growth is vigorous, before environmental quality
standards (EQSs) were attained (1995–1998) and afterward (2006–2009). We found that the ratio of particulate organic nitrogen
(PON) to particulate phosphorus (PP) changed in conjunction with changes in the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved
inorganic phosphorus (DIP) that resulted from reductions in nutrient loading. Furthermore, we suggest that because the DIP
concentration in seawater was high before EQSs were attained, inorganic phosphorus was possibly adsorbed onto SPM. After the
attainment of EQSs, however, the DIP concentration fell, and PON/PP was high. Phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth
in the mouth of the bay may explain the high PON/PP ratios after EQS attainment. 相似文献
19.
P.D. Tortell C. Guéguen M.C. Long C.D. PayneP. Lee G.R. DiTullio 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(3):241-259
We report results from two surveys of pCO2, biological O2 saturation (??O2/Ar) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in surface waters of the Ross Sea polynya. Measurements were made during early spring (November 2006-December 2006) and mid-summer (December 2005-January 2006) using ship-board membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) for high spatial resolution (i.e. sub-km) analysis. During the early spring survey, the polynya was in the initial stages of development and exhibited a rapid increase in open water area and phytoplankton biomass over the course of our ∼3 week occupation. We observed a rapid transition from a net heterotrophic ice-covered system (supersaturated pCO2 and undersaturated O2) to a high productivity regime associated with a Phaeocystis-dominated phytoplankton bloom. The timing of the early spring phytoplankton bloom was closely tied to increasing sea surface temperature across the polynya, as well as reduced wind speeds and ice cover, leading to enhanced vertical stratification. There was a strong correlation between pCO2, ??O2/Ar, DMS and chlorophyll a (Chl a) during the spring phytoplankton bloom, indicating a strong biological imprint on gas distributions. Box model calculations suggest that pCO2 drawdown was largely attributable to net community production, while gas exchange and shoaling mixed layers also exerted a strong control on the re-equilibration of mixed layer ??2 with the overlying atmosphere. DMS concentrations were closely coupled to Phaeocystis biomass across the early spring polynya, with maximum concentrations exceeding 100 nM.During the summer cruise, we sampled a large net autotrophic polynya, shortly after the seasonal peak in phytoplankton productivity. Both diatoms and Phaeocystis were abundant in the phytoplankton assemblages during this time. Minimum pCO2 was less than 100 ppm, while ??O2/Ar exceeded 30% in some regions. Mean DMS concentrations were ∼2-fold lower than during the spring, although the range of concentrations was similar between the two surveys. There was a significant correlation between pCO2, ??O2/Ar and Chl a across the summer polynya, but the strength of these correlations and the slope of O2 vs. CO2 relationship were significantly lower than during the early spring. Summertime DMS concentrations were not significantly correlated to phytoplankton biomass (Chl a), pCO2 or ??O2/Ar. In contrast to the early spring time, there were no clear temporal trends in summertime gas concentrations. Rather, small-scale spatial variability, likely resulting from mixing and localized sea-ice melt, was clearly evident in surface gas distributions across the polynya. Analysis of length-scale dependent variability demonstrated that much of the spatial variance in surface water gases occurred at scales of <20 km, suggesting that high resolution analysis is needed to fully capture biogeochemical heterogeneity in this system. 相似文献
20.
Mi Ok Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):301-313
Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in seawater at southwestern East/Japan Sea near Gampo were investigated by HPLC
analysis of photosynthetic pigments during summer of 1999. Detected photosynthetic pigments were chlorophyll a, b, c1+2 (Chl a, Chl b, Chl c1+2), fucoxanthin (Fuco), prasinoxanthin (Pras), zeaxanthin (Zea), 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco) and beta-carotene (β-Car).
Major carotenoid was fucoxanthin (bacillariophyte) and minor carotenoids were Pras (prasinophyte), Zea (cyanophyte) and But-fuco
(chrysophyte). Chl a concentrations were in the range of 0.16-8.3/land subsurface chlorophyll maxima were observed at 0-10m
at inshore and 30–50 m at offshore. Thermocline and nutricline tilted to the offshore direction showed a mild upwelling condition.
Results from size-fraction showed that contribution from nano+picoplankton at Chl a maximum layer was increased from 18% at
inshore to 69% at offshore on average. The maximum contribution from nano+picoplankton was found as 87% at St. E4. It was
noteworthy that contribution from nano+picoplanktonic crysophytes and green algae to total biomass of phytoplankton was significant
at offshore. Satellite images of sea surface temperature indicated that an extensive area of the East/Japan Sea showed lower
temperature (<18 °C) but the enhanced Chl a patch was confined to a narrow coastal region in summer, 1999. Exceptionally high
flux of low saline water from the Korea/Tsushima Strait seemed to make upwelling weak in summer of 1999 in the study area.
Results of comparisons among Chl a from SeaWIFs, HPLC and fluorometric analysis showed that presence of Chl b cause underestimation
of Chl a about 30% by fluorometric analysis but overestimation by satellite data about 30-75% compared to HPLC data. 相似文献