共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
微生物降解羽毛既可保护环境又能实现废物的资源化利用,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。本研究从广西钦州港海鸭养殖淤泥筛选获得一株可高效降解羽毛的菌株Gxun-20,通过对该菌株形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列进行分析,以确定菌株的分类,并对菌株产角蛋白酶的条件及酶学性质进行研究。结果表明：该菌为副短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus parabrevis);菌株最适产酶条件为：温度34 ℃,初始pH 6.5,羽毛含量1.5%(质量分数),发酵48 h,角蛋白酶活性可达277.45 U/mL。菌株Gxun-20所分泌的角蛋白酶最适温度为50 ℃,且热稳定性较好,最适pH为7.5;金属离子Fe3+、Cu2+、Co2+、Fe2+和Mn2+对酶活性有显著抑制作用,而Ca2+、Na+对酶活性有明显促进作用;金属螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA)可显著抑制酶的活性,蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(pheny methyl sulfonyl fluoride, PMSF)可完全抑制酶活性,表明该蛋白酶的活性中心含有金属离子和丝氨酸;异丙醇可使酶活性提高至129.34%,酶活性在十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS)、吐温40溶液中保持稳定;酶的底物特异性结果表明,该酶对羽毛类β-角蛋白及酪蛋白降解能力较好,而对牛血清蛋白、I型胶原及人发类α 角蛋白降解能力较弱。海洋来源的副短短芽孢杆菌Gxun-20及其所产角蛋白酶在废弃羽毛降解方面具有良好的应用价值。 相似文献
2.
对一株分泌热稳定κ-卡拉胶酶印尼热泉菌进行了种属鉴定, 并采用响应面法对该菌发酵产酶条件进行了优化。鉴定结果表明, 该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 命名为Bacillus sp. Car19(GeneBank: KT865196)。发酵条件优化结果显示, 9个环境因子影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量。其中影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量的三个主要因素分别为培养温度、培养基中Cu2+浓度和培养基中NaCl浓度。综合次要因素对Bacillus sp. Car19产酶影响, Bacillus sp. Car19最佳产酶发酵条件为: 培养温度52.31℃、Cu2+浓度6.93 mmol/L、NaCl浓度37.03 g/L, 培养基pH为6, 接种量1%, 培养时间36h, 半乳糖浓度0.3 g/L,硝酸铵浓度7g/L, 卡拉胶浓度0.5g/L。优化后发酵上清液酶活力达到15.21 U/mL, 与优化前相比提高了1.5 倍。 相似文献
3.
为明确哈维氏弧菌感染下,泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）不同组织弧菌载量的变化规律,通过哈维氏弧菌浸泡感染泥蚶的方法,建立弧菌浓度计数标准曲线,记录攻毒水体和泥蚶组织中的哈维氏弧菌含量的动态变化及相关关系。结果显示,弧菌感染浓度为1×107CFU/mL,泥蚶血液中弧菌载量显著高于鳃、闭壳肌、外套膜和肝胰腺,各组织中的弧菌载量呈现先上升,后下降,最后维持较低水平的变化规律。持续感染6 d,泥蚶血液中弧菌载量降至102-104 CFU/mL,其他组织中弧菌载量降至100-102 CFU/mg。检测不同浓度弧菌（1×105,1×106,1×107,5×107 CFU/mL）浸泡感染后泥蚶肝胰腺的弧菌载量变化,结果显示,1 d时各感染组肝胰腺弧菌载量均较对照组显著增加（81.0-667.8倍）,且与浸泡水体中弧菌浓度呈显著正相关（Spearman''s ρ=0.762,P<0.001）,5 d时各侵染组肝胰腺弧菌载量均较1 d明显降低,但仍然高于对照组。研究结果为泥蚶感染弧菌发病过程中,免疫识别及免疫响应机制的研究提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
从微泡菌属AG1（Microbulbifer sp. AG1）克隆得到1302 bp大小的琼胶酶基因，该基因编码产物为一个成熟蛋白（413个氨基酸残基）外加一个信号肽（20个残基）。将不含信号肽片段的琼胶酶在E. coli BL21 （DE3）中进行了异源表达和纯化。使用琼脂糖作为底物，该重组琼胶酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为60℃和7.5。该重组酶表现出优良的热稳定性，在50℃和60℃下处理1 h，重组琼胶酶仍能分别保持67%和19%的残余酶活力。除了SDS，重组琼胶酶对于其他测试的抑制剂、去垢剂和尿素变性剂有着较好的抗性。利用薄层色谱和以对硝基苯-α/β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷为底物的酶活力分析结果表明，该重组琼胶酶为β型琼胶酶，它水解琼脂糖的主要终产物为新琼四糖，而且不同聚合度的酶解产物具有抗氧化活性。 相似文献
5.
为研究Cu对云龙石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)幼鱼的生态毒性及生理生化指标的影响,作者分析了Cu2+对幼鱼的安全质量浓度(CS)、组织损伤、酶活力、金属硫蛋白-2(MT-2)基因表达的影响。实验设置对照组以及0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2、2 mg/L等6个Cu2+实验组进行为期5 d的毒理实验。结果显示:Cu2+对云龙石斑鱼幼鱼的CS为0.0162 mg/L;Cu暴露诱发实验鱼的肝脏组织血窦扩张;鳃组织出现动脉瘤以及顶部棒状等现象;与对照组相比,随Cu2+浓度升高,肝脏组织总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著下降;谷草转氨酶(GOT)活力先上升后下降;随Cu处理浓度升高,肝脏、鳃组织MT-2基因表达水平均逐渐上升;而脑组织中MT-2表达水平先上升后下降,但低浓度组较对照组差异不显著。结果表明,高浓度的Cu会造成云龙石斑鱼幼鱼的组织损伤、免疫酶活力降低等一系列不利影响,结果为云龙石斑鱼养殖生产过程中利用铜制剂防控病害的适宜剂量选择提供依据。 相似文献
6.
采用改良的微孔板法测定了12株弧菌的形成生物膜的效果,选择形成生物膜效果最好的副溶血弧菌ND-02,进一步研究了环境因子对其生物膜形成的影响。实验结果显示副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株在静置培养24~36 h后形成成熟的生物膜,在起始菌浓度为107~108CFU/mL形成生物膜的量最大;在30 ℃,NaCl浓度为3%~ 5%,pH偏弱碱性时的生物膜OD590值最大;Ca2+ 促进副溶血弧菌生物膜的形成,而Mg2+ 抑制生物膜的形成;副溶血弧菌在分别经大黄鱼表皮黏液、肠黏液和肝脏提取液包被的的基质上形成生物膜的作用明显,鳃黏液和脾脏提取液中次之,肌肉提取液包被后生物膜形成量最低。以上结果表明,副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株能形成稳定而明显的生物膜,而且生物膜的形成受温度、NaCl浓度、pH值等环境因子的影响。 相似文献
7.
为构建泥蚶感染弧菌标准技术体系,本研究采用哈维氏弧菌浸泡感染和注射胁迫两种攻毒方式对泥蚶进行了急性毒性实验,观察泥蚶在菌液胁迫下的存活情况,分析哈维氏弧菌对泥蚶的半致死浓度。浸泡感染实验结果表明,随着感染水体中弧菌升高,泥蚶死亡起始时间和最大日死亡率时间均有所提前,泥蚶死亡情况呈现上升趋势,当浸泡浓度超过2×107CFU/mL,泥蚶15 d累计死亡率接近100%。注射胁迫实验结果表明,泥蚶死亡率与弧菌注射浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.964,P<0.01)。Probit回归分析结果显示,哈维氏弧菌浸泡感染泥蚶7 d后停止实验,15 d的半致死浓度(LC50)为1.35×107CFU/mL;注射胁迫下的96 h半致死剂量(96 h LD50)为2.12×107CFU/g,说明哈维氏弧菌对泥蚶有明显的毒害作用。研究结果为泥蚶对哈维氏弧菌耐受性提供数据参考,并且为泥蚶弧菌病防治提供了理论基础。 相似文献
8.
探究引起大黄鱼幼鱼同生群内不同增重性能子群间脏器生理差异的主因, 揭示造成各子群间生存适应对策和增重机制分化的内在逻辑, 对于精选大黄鱼幼鱼优质增殖放流群体和指导大黄鱼科学高效养殖具重要现实意义。随机捞取宁波市象山西沪港海域内经板式网箱养殖3个月的3 000尾大黄鱼同生群幼鱼, 停食2d后按体质量由大到小依次分为A [体质量(3.45±0.43) g, 出现率5%]、B [体质量(2.60±0.18) g, 出现率20%]、C [体质量(2.00±0.21) g, 出现率50%]、D [体质量(1.22±0.23) g, 出现率20%]、E [体质量(0.74±0.04) g, 出现率5%]等5个子群。在测量并统计脏器比例性状(鳃系数、内脏系数、内脏净重比、鳃净重比和鳃脏比)的基础上, 较系统开展了不同增重性能子群间耗氧率、窒息点、内脏和鳃组织相关功能酶活力的差异。结果表明: (1) 鳃系数、内脏系数和日均耗氧率的显著高企(P<0.05)均可导致大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能的明显下降; (2) 耗氧昼夜节律的分化是引起大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能发生明显改变的主因, 具体表现为A、B子群的昼均耗氧率显著大于夜均耗氧率(P<0.05),以及E子群的日均耗氧率与昼均和夜均耗氧率均无显著差异(P>0.05); (3) 耗氧率性状聚类和脏器比例性状聚类分别对甄别C、E子群具良好的辨识效果; (4) 随着窒息点水中含氧量的趋势性提高, 大黄鱼幼鱼的增重性能将表露出极明显的减弱效应, 其中与E子群窒息点水中含氧量具显著差异(P<0.05)的仅为A、B子群, 呈E>A≈B; (5) 内脏消化酶和磷酸酶中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的分别为淀粉酶和AKP,前者随增重性能增强呈趋势性增加,后者则呈A<B<C<D<E (P<0.05); ATP酶中, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase酶活力无组间差异(P>0.05), Na+/K+-ATPase酶活力除A显著大于D、E子群(P<0.05)外, 其余子群间均无显著差异(P>0.05); (6) 鳃SOD、CAT和POD中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的为SOD, 呈A>B>C≈D≈E, Na+/K+-ATPase和Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase酶活力均呈A>B≈C>D≈E。上述研究可为大黄鱼生长性能评价体系构建和指导速生品种(品系)选择育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
为研究墨吉明对虾弧菌病的防控方法, 本文通过人工注射感染的方式, 研究不同数量哈维 氏弧菌及在不同温度、盐度、pH、不同硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮和氨氮浓度条件下哈维氏弧菌对墨吉明对 虾的致病性的影响。结果表明: 当人工感染哈维氏弧菌数量为3.16×108 CFU 时, 24 h 内对虾累计死 亡率为96.67%; 哈维氏弧菌数量为3.16×106 CFU 以上, 实验结束时, 对虾累计死亡率都超过了 50.00%.在20-32℃ 范围内, 随着温度升高哈维氏弧菌致病力增强, 并且低温组(20℃ 实验组与 26℃ 实验组)对虾累计死亡率显著低于高温组(32℃ 实验组)(P<0.05).在温度为(24±1)℃ 时, 盐度为 20 时对虾累计死亡率处于较低水平; 在温度为(24±1)℃, 盐度为(22±1)时, 96 h, pH 为8.0 时对虾 累计死亡率最低, 并且与另外两个实验组差异显著(P<0.05); 温度为(24±1)℃, 盐度为(22±1), 硝 酸氮对感染哈维氏弧菌的墨吉明对虾有胁迫作用; 在亚硝酸氮浓度(1.0-10.0 mg/L)、氨氮浓度 (0.5-1.5 mg/L)范围内, 哈维氏弧菌对墨吉明对虾的致病性, 随着浓度升高而增强。本实验为墨吉明 对虾弧菌病的防控提供了理论基础。 相似文献
10.
可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+等重金属特性和功能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用可口革囊星虫重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+、Fe3+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Sn2+和Zn2+等8 种重金属离子后, 通过透射显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱测定蛋白的超微结构变化和内部基团特性。以 天然的马脾铁蛋白为对照, 观察重组铁蛋白与天然铁蛋白的差别。结果显示, 重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+ 和其它7 种重金属离子后蛋白体积大小与重金属离子种类直接相关。重组铁蛋白相对天然铁蛋白来 说在富集不同种类重金属离子后, 除了非特异性酰胺特征峰和蛋白特征峰外, 还出现一些专门富集 某些重金属离子的特异基团, 如:-CH3、-CH2-、-CH-、-NH-、-SO3-、-COOH、-S=S-和-C-S-C 等。 通过细胞实验进一步验证了铁结合蛋白能够通过富集重金属离子Pb2+来保护小鼠成骨前体细胞 MRC3T3-E1, 使细胞的死亡率明显降低(P<0.05). 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献