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1.
西准噶尔包古图地区地层火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究 总被引：24，自引：11，他引：13
包古图地区位于西准噶尔东南部,区内出露地层主要为石炭系太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组,为一套巨厚的半深海相-大陆坡相火山-火山碎屑沉积建造。这套地层的时代归属和地层层序长期以来一直存在争议。本文报导了包古图地区实测地层剖面,并从太勒古拉组玄武岩和包古图组及希贝库拉斯组凝灰岩中分别选出锆石,进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为357.5±5.4Ma、332.1±3.0Ma和336.3±2.5Ma。由此确定这套地层属于早石炭世的杜内阶到维宪阶,由下到上依次为太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组。 相似文献
2.
新疆西准噶尔包古图组凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义 总被引：27，自引：12，他引：15
西准噶尔地区出露巨厚层的下石炭统火山-沉积岩,包括太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组,前人主要通过生物化石来确定各组之间的层位关系,并存在争论。本文对包古图金矿区包古图组中3个蚀变凝灰岩样品开展的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究表明,凝灰岩的年龄分别为328.4Ma（MSWD=0.72）、342.6Ma（MSWD=0.76）和336.5Ma（MSWD=1.6）。结合太勒古拉组年代学数据和下石炭统火山-沉积地层的分布关系,确定西准噶尔下石炭统火山-沉积地层从下到上依次为：希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组。 相似文献
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西准噶尔南部石炭纪地层层序及古地理演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西准噶尔南部石炭系希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组自创名以来,其地层层序和时代已争论了近半个世纪,其主要原因在于对三个组的岩性组合特征认识不够全面,经常误用其他地质单元中的古生物或年代学证据来限定这三个组的时代,从而导致出现多种层序和时代的划分意见。此次研究在1∶25万野外地质调查的基础上,重新测制了三个组的层型剖面,并结合区域上大量的辅助剖面和路线地质调查,厘定了三个组的定义、特征及分布范围。根据在层型剖面附近组与组界线处发现的冲刷构造和粒序层理等重要的示顶沉积构造,确定了三个组的层序关系自下而上分别为希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组。三个组中的“化石混杂”现象是由于人为地层划分错误造成的,误将其他地层单元中的化石认作这三个组的内容。经厘定,这三个组中只有早石炭世的化石最为可靠,结合新发现的植物化石材料,希贝库拉斯组的时代为维宪早期,包古图组为维宪晚期,太勒古拉组为维宪末期至谢尔普霍夫期。根据三个组的空间分布及其相互关系,认为西准噶尔南部在早石炭世维宪期浊流流向NE,从维宪末期开始浊流流向SW。在此基础上,讨论了西准噶尔南部石炭纪古地理演化过程,认为西准噶尔南部晚古生代残余洋盆在早石炭世接受充填,希贝库拉斯组的粗碎屑岩代表了充填作用的开始,至太勒古拉组上段粗碎屑岩的出现,表明残余洋盆已经基本填满。西准噶尔残余洋盆最终闭合是在晚石炭世晚期,以佳木河组磨拉石及陆相火山岩的出现为标志。 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔包古图地区主要出露下石炭统火山-沉积地层,由希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组组成,对于三套地层的时代归属以及地层层序长期存在争议。本文对希贝库拉斯组凝灰质砂砾岩进行了岩相学和锆石U- Pb年代学研究,为探讨以上争议提供资料。岩相学研究发现凝灰质砂砾岩中的砾石为硅质岩、晶屑凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、安山岩和少量灰岩,中等磨圆-次棱角状,粒径变化大(2~15mm),含量为~45%;细碎屑主要为岩屑、长石和少量石英,呈棱角状-次棱角状,粒径0. 05~0. 5mm;填隙物主要为火山灰;锆石U- Pb年代学分析结果显示,锆石的Pb206/U238表观年龄集中在327~382Ma,最年轻的峰值为330~335Ma,代表了凝灰质砂砾岩沉积同期火山活动的年龄;最大峰值为345~360Ma,指示了凝灰质砂砾岩中大部分火山岩砾石对应火山活动的时限;另有几组年龄集中在411~428Ma、~455Ma和482~504Ma,对应克拉玛依、达拉布特和唐巴勒蛇绿岩的年龄。综合以上研究,认为希贝库拉斯组的沉积时代为早石炭世维宪期,并结合前人研究成果推断本区三套地层的沉积层序自下而上依次为希贝库拉斯组、包古图组、太勒古拉组。 相似文献
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沉积物的地球化学和碎屑锆石特征在沉积岩物源分析及构造背景的研究中具有较为重要的作用.对克拉玛依后山地区早石炭世包古图组和太勒古拉组碎屑岩样品(共42个)进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,结果显示,这套碎屑岩的主量元素SiO2含量为54.64%~73.14%,Al2O3含量相对较高(11.89%~19.36%),(TFe2O3+MgO)含量比较高(3.97%~9.99%),反映岩石化学成熟度偏低.岩石稀土元素含量变化较大,在83×10-6~252×10-6之间变化,无Ce异常,Eu呈微弱负异常,具有低的∑REE等特征,与大洋岛弧型砂岩相似.采自这2个组的碎屑锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,包古图组有340 Ma和440 Ma两个主峰值,主要来源于石炭纪、志留纪的源岩;太勒古拉组碎屑锆石主峰值为325 Ma,其年龄与地层年龄很接近,推测其主要来源于同沉积石炭纪岩石.根据主、微量及稀土元素等多个构造环境判别图解的综合分析,结果表明早石炭世包古图组和太勒古拉组沉积物的物源特征及沉积构造背景较为相似,主要为大洋岛弧-大陆岛弧环境下的中酸性火山岩,夹有少量基性火山岩. 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(4)
新疆西准噶尔克拉玛依地区出露地层主要为下石炭统希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组,主体为一套巨厚的半深海大陆斜坡相碎屑沉积建造。这套地层的层序及时代长期以来存在争议,本文对西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区的希贝库拉斯组和太勒古拉组进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,限定石炭纪地层时代、恢复地层层序、确定物源源区及讨论西准噶尔大地构造演化。希贝库拉斯组碎屑锆石最年轻的峰值为309.3 Ma,第二个峰值为331 Ma;太勒古拉组碎屑锆石最年轻的峰值为304 Ma,第二个峰值为318 Ma。二者最年轻的峰值与西准地区后碰撞深成岩体的活动高峰期相吻合,应为岩浆热扰动所致。该区内砂岩成熟度低、源区与未切割岩浆岛弧相关,推测样品中岩浆锆石成因的年龄与当时火山活动可能近同时,因此碎屑锆石第二峰值大致可代表地层沉积时代。碎屑锆石年龄中无前寒武纪锆石记录,反映西准噶尔地区可能不存在前寒武纪古老结晶基底,或者基底规模小、分布零散,未成为石炭纪地层的物源。 相似文献
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哈拉阿拉特组是西准噶尔地区重要的石炭纪海相地层,岩性组合二分性明显:灰绿色为主的火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹灰岩透镜体与灰黑色为主的正常碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩夹少量生物碎屑灰岩。长期以来均认为前者在上,后者在下。根据该组层型剖面中的地层产状、层劈关系、冲刷构造和粒序层理,认为该剖面并未发生倒转,应是火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹灰岩透镜体在下,正常碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩夹生物碎屑灰岩整合覆在其上。根据`哈拉阿拉特组内所发现的化石材料,认为该组是西准噶尔地区一跨早—晚石炭世的岩石地层单位,下石炭统-上石炭统的界线位于该组下段上部。在克拉玛依西北部达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩带与达尔布特断裂之间新识别出的哈拉阿拉特组地层,其中含有早石炭世晚期至晚石炭世的化石,前人用这些材料来确定包古图组和太勒古拉组的时代是错误的,目前包古图组和太勒古拉组尚无可延续到晚石炭世的古生物依据。 相似文献
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晚泥盆世晚期—早石炭世早期,是新疆准噶尔洋盆发育的最后阶段。西准噶尔的太勒古拉组以暗色泥质凝灰岩为主,夹红色放射虫硅质岩,覆于巨厚玄武岩层之上,是该时期洋盆宝贵的地层记录。早石炭世维宪期,东准噶尔卡拉麦里洋盆封闭,准噶尔中西部成为相对闭塞的残余洋盆。太勒古拉组之上的包古图组和希贝库拉斯组,记录了残余洋盆充填消亡的过程。包古图组以灰绿色凝灰质泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩的韵律层为主,属于中下扇的火山浊积岩系,时代为维宪期—巴什基尔早期。希贝库拉斯组以厚层—块状、细—粗粒凝灰质砂岩为主,上部有厚层含中酸性火山岩砾石的砾岩,是具有上扇沉积特征的火山浊积岩系,时代为晚石炭世巴什基尔晚期至莫斯科期或更晚。石炭纪洋盆充填过程中,堆积了很厚的暗色沉积岩系,提供了良好的生烃条件。东准噶尔石炭纪沉积岩相复杂,与西准噶尔有很大差别。盆地周缘的地层对比和岩相古地理研究,有助于解决盆地内部的石炭系地层问题。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地位于古亚洲洋构造域南部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。早石炭世,该盆地继承了晚泥盆世多洋岛的古地理格局,沉积了一套巨厚海相沉积物。随着古准噶尔洋持续收缩,海水逐渐退去,区内形成多个残余洋盆,并最后被充填及消亡。太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组为西准噶尔地区从下到上的石炭纪沉积序列,完整记录了西准噶尔残余洋盆充填消亡的全过程。根据上述三组地层岩性及其组合特征、沉积构造特征,将残余洋盆收缩充填过程分为3个阶段:太勒古拉组以暗色硅质岩、硅质泥岩夹粉砂岩为主,代表着洋盆沉积记录,即盆地阶段;包古图组以硅质岩、粉—细砂岩和含砾砂岩为主,毫米—厘米级鲍马序列极为发育,代表洋盆缓慢收缩充填的开始,即缓慢充填阶段;希贝库拉斯组以含砾砂岩、砾岩、角砾岩夹砂岩和泥岩为主,浊流沉积和风暴沉积较为发育,水体较浅,残余洋盆进入快速充填—消亡阶段。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献