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1.
重庆歌乐山隧址区地下水同位素组成特征及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
同位素测试作为一种先进的技术手段在地质科学的各个研究领域得到越来越广泛地应用。运用同位素方法研究流体及矿床成因关系方面取得了较大的进展。目前，环境同位素方法被广泛用于识别地下水系统，研究自然界水循环过程和地下水运动规律。不同成因的地下水具有不同的同位素组成特征，而且氢、氧稳定同位素在低温条件下不与围岩发生同位素交换，放射性同位素变化遵循各自的衰变规律，水中HCO3碳、氧同位素组成与被溶解的碳酸盐岩同位素组成有关。在歌乐山隧道施工涌水对周边地下水系统的影响及环境效应评价过程中，取得许多同位素数据，对该区地下水的同位素特征有了新的认识。文章借助同位素方法探讨了隧址区地下水的补给源、年龄等基本特征。该区地下水主要补给来源为大气降水。碳、氧稳定同位素的研究结果也证实了这一点。对放射性同位素氚研究表明，该区地下水年龄基本都较小，属近期大气降水直接渗入补给。 相似文献
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根据山西省大同矿区口泉沟南大气降水、河水、第四系孔隙水、岩溶地下水的同位素分布特征、地下水中同位素组成、以及δD～δ^18O关系，将口泉沟南划分为两个水文地质分区（南区和北区），又据平硐补给来源水的同位素组成与平硐涌出水的同位素组成求得岩溶地下水主要排泄口的平硐水在雨季和枯季补给来源的混合比例，为进一步分析研究勘察区的水文地质条件和下一步的供水勘探工作提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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利用环境同位素识别酒泉-张掖盆地地下水补给和水流系统 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
详细了解干旱区地下水的补给机制对地下水资源管理来说是非常重要的,天然环境同位素在过去的40年里广泛应用于解决有关地下水补给、流动等问题。笔者通过分析酒泉-张掖盆地水的环境同位素变化特征,识别地下水的补给和流动.研究结果表明,酒泉-张掖盆地地下水的补给源主要来自山区出山河流,补给发生在祁连山前戈壁带,在山前冲积扇带地下水主要为1963年以来的快速补给,而部分深部地下水为1952年以前补给。同时,环境同位素指示盆地存在深部区域流系统和浅部局域流系统,酒泉盆地和张掖盆地之间不存在明显的水力联系。该研究不仅对黑河流域地下水的开发管理有着重要意义,对我国西北类似的内陆盆地地下水的开发管理有着借鉴意义。 相似文献
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同位素指示的巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地下水补给来源 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过恢复巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边地区大气降水氚值，并结合区域稳定同位素组合特征，揭示了区域地下水氚年龄的多解性与地下水稳定同位素的温度效应。恢复的1963年核试验期氚高峰值达到2 100 TU，进入90年代平均为60 TU。1960年以来降水补给的地下水氚值都应大于15 TU，而1963年的高峰氚衰变至今应在200 TU左右。地下水实测氚值较低，表明由现代少量降水补给的地下水与大量的古水进行了混合。影响降水中δ18O和δ2H分布的主要影响因子是月平均空气温度，对δ18O与δ2H的影响权重分别占到59.9%和57.0%。巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边地区地下水较低的稳定同位素组成表明，其补给主要是晚更新世较冷环境下形成的，来源于东南部的雅布赖山区，部分浅层地下水接受现代降水与河流的补给。
相似文献
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环境同位素法在西北地区地下水资源评价中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用环境同位素方法测定了不同类型地下水的年龄，识别了西北干旱、半干旱地区地下水的补给源，进行了补给量的计算，建立了地下水流系统，并取得了新的成果。 相似文献
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环境同位素在黑河流域水循环研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解不同时空尺度上黑河流域水循环机制,总结了近年来黑河流域进行的氘氧稳定同位素以及氚、碳和氡放射性同位素研究(2H,18O,3H,14C,222Rn),得到各类水体(降水、河水、地下水)采样点的分布及分析结果。稳定同位素结果表明上游山区降水是全流域主要的水资源产生区,中游地表—地下水交互频繁,下游浅层地下水主要接受河水补给,深层地下水则相对封闭。放射性同位素也表明下游浅层地下水年龄小于深层,与稳定同位素结果相符。总体来说,环境同位素对黑河流域的水循环研究还处于定性研究阶段。今后研究方向应致力于丰富采样的时空尺度,同时采用多种同位素并结合其他地球化学指标以定量研究结果,并将结果应用于水文数学模型的构建和校正。 相似文献
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文章利用水化学、2H、18O同位素、87Sr/86Sr比值、13C和14C同位素对济南岩溶地下水补给来源、地热水补给来源进行研究。结果表明，岩溶冷水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca、HCO3·SO4-Ca型为主、地热水以SO4-Ca型为主。在旱季，间接补给区对泉群地下水补给比率在66.00%~73.58%之间，直接补给区仅占到26.42%~34.00%，旱季泉水的主要来源为间接补给区岩溶地下水。地热水受到了更新世以来的降水补给，是不同时期降水补给所形成的混合地下水，接受补给区域应为高程较高的张夏或者炒米店-三山子组地层，补给高程在350~550 m之间。 相似文献
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城市化对地下水补给的影响对研究城市水循环、水资源供需平衡及地下水超采、防治地下水水质恶化，以及揭示两大主要地下水环境问题（地下水超采与水质恶化）之间的有机联系都具有重要意义，石家庄城市化与地下水之间的相互作用机理研究具有典型示范性，本文以石家庄市为例，在分析地下水在城市供水中的作用及其开发利用基础上，通过研究城市化影响地下水补给的变化规律，进一步探讨了城市化对地下水补给的影响机理，最终建立城市化影响下地下水补给增量的诱发机理框图，研究结果表明，城市化会导致地下水补给量的增加；地下水开采诱发产生对城市周围井场和地表水的袭夺以及城市供、排水系统渗漏所造成的新补给源的引入是城市化诱发产生地下水补给增量的重要机理。 相似文献
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地下水补给,循环和混合作用的氦同位素证据：以石羊河,黑河… 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石羊河、黑河流域地下水氦同位素组成的研究表明,大部分样品的＾３Ｈｅ／＾４Ｈｅ具有大气降水特征,部分地区地下水＾４Ｈｅ同位素的过剩是基岩裂隙水和卤水的混合作用所致,祁连山前深大断裂带附近地下水的氦同位素具有明显的幔源氦特征,说明该断层的活动仍未停止。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献