共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
互花米草入侵下福建漳江口红树林湿地土壤生态化学变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采集了福建云霄漳江口米草入侵下红树林自然湿地保护区内红树林群落、米草群落、红树林—米草交互群落以及光滩的剖面土壤样品,分析了土壤的总养分库、有效养分库及微生物活性等指标。结果表明,不同植被群落下土壤理化性质均存在明显差异。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、阳离子交换量和微生物生物量碳、氮在同一深度的含量变化为：红树林>红树林—米草混作>米草>光滩;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等酶活性指标也表现出相似的变化趋势。从深度变化而言,上述各项土壤质量指标均随剖面深度而降低。米草入侵后土壤的各项养分指标均有明显下降,湿地土壤生态化学性质发生了明显的退化。土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量以及土壤蔗糖酶与磷酸酶活性对滨海湿地土壤退化的反映最为强烈, 可以作为指示性指标。 相似文献
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冻融交替对不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物活性及有机碳密度的影响 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
以小兴安岭湿地土壤为研究对象,基于室内分析和冻融实验,分析了冻融作用下不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物量、酶活性以及有机碳密度的变化趋势,探讨了不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物活性与有机碳密度之间的相关关系,以期为深入认识冻融期间高寒高纬度地区土壤碳循环过程提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）冻融次数对土壤微生物量碳、氮含量影响显著（P<0.05）,经历9次冻融循环后,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量比冻融前明显减少;在三种不同年代排水造林的湿地中,排水时间越短,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量下降幅度越大,表明长时间的反复冻融交替可能导致土壤微生物量的进一步减少。（2）冻融前后,土壤蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性均表现为下降趋势,且多次冻融交替后,-25~5℃冻融处理比-5~5℃冻融处理酶活性更低,表明较大的冻融温差更能降低土壤酶的活性度。（3）随着冻融次数和冻融温度的变化,四种湿地的土壤有机碳密度基本保持稳定,但其与土壤微生物量、酶活性却存在着高度的正相关性,通过探究微生物活性所调控的土壤过程,可以直接或间接了解土壤有机碳密度的变化趋势,便于从本质上验证其响应机制。 相似文献
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马衔山多年冻土与季节冻土区土壤微生物量及酶活性的季节动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究马衔山多年冻土区和非多年冻土区土壤微生物碳氮、土壤酶活性的差异,选取多年冻土区、季节冻土区和交界区为对象,分析了0~30 cm土层微生物碳氮和转化酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶酶活性不同季节的变化特征。结果表明：全氮、总有机碳、微生物量碳氮与多数土壤酶之间呈显著相关关系。在不同区域,土壤微生物碳氮均在0~10 cm含量最高,10~20 cm次之,20~30 cm最低。土壤微生物碳氮在生长季表现为含量逐渐增加,但是多年冻土区与季节冻土区差异不大。土壤酶活性在深度方面表现与微生物碳氮含量变化一致。土壤酶并无的季节变化规律。在多年冻土区,转化酶、多酚氧化酶和磷酸酶活性明显高于非多年冻土区。本研究表明,尽管多年冻土区的植被和土壤总有机碳明显高于非多年冻土区,其土壤微生物碳氮含量相当,且一些土壤酶活性也相当。说明非多年冻土区土壤的生物地球化学相对强度较大。因此,多年冻土退化后可能会导致生态系统的退化。 相似文献
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选择黑龙江省海伦市相邻耕地和林地作为研究对象，分析了土地利用方式、土壤深度以及部分地球化学特征等对土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明：蔗糖酶受土壤深度影响较为明显，表层土壤中蔗糖酶活性显著高于深层土壤，而与土地利用方式无关；脲酶受土壤深度影响较小，但土地利用方式对其影响较大，如种植大豆可以显著提升土壤脲酶的活性，除此之外脲酶活性还受土壤黏粒含量的影响；过氧化物酶活性主要受控于土壤有机碳的含量，受土壤深度影响较小，但深层林地土壤中过氧化物酶活性显著高于深层耕地土壤. 相似文献
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土地整理对岩溶区土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响——以重庆丰都县三坝乡为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
文章以重庆市丰都县三坝乡土地整理项目为例,分别对土地整理前（2012年12月）52个采集点和土地整理后（2013年3月）28个采集点,采用野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了土地整理对岩溶区土壤微生物群落结构、土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、氮(SMBN)及酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶)的影响,结果表明:（1）土地整理对土壤微生物影响显著,土地整理后比整理前土壤中的放线菌数量降低,真菌数量增加。（2）在0～20 cm土层,整理前后SMBC和SMBN含量变化显著,SMBC含量整理后比整理前降低了20.33%,SMBN含量整理后比整理前减少了47.84%;土地整理改变了整理前SMBC、SMBN含量随土层深度变化递减的规律,使SMBC、SMBN含量分别在亚表层（20～40 cm）出现最小值68.34 mg/kg和最大值33.58 mg/kg。（3）整理前后土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶均在0～20 cm和20～40 cm同一土层差异显著,蔗糖酶活性在各土层差异均显著。土地整理使土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低,蔗糖酶活性提高。（4）有机质对表层SMBC、SMBN含量和脲酶活性呈显著正相关,pH值与土壤酶活性呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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祁连山黑河上游不同退化草地土壤理化性质及养分和酶活性的变化规律 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了揭示草地退化过程中土壤理化性质及养分和酶的变化规律,在祁连山黑河上游俄博岭研究了4种草地土壤理化性质及养分和酶活性的变化规律.结果表明:未退化草地与退化草地、中度退化草地和重度退化草地比较,0~60 cm土层有机碳、有机碳密度、有机碳储量随退化程度加剧呈显著减少趋势;土壤理化特性的总孔隙度、团聚体、物理性粘粒、饱和蓄水量、田间持水量随土壤退化加剧呈减少趋势,同时CEC、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶等养分和酶活性也随土壤退化加剧呈明显减少变化.随着土壤退化加剧,容重、物理性砂粒、石砾、pH值以及CaCO3含量均有明显的增长.4种草地0~60 cm土层孔隙度、团聚体、物理性粘粒、饱和蓄水量、田间持水量、土壤有机碳、速效氮磷钾和酶活性均值由大到小的变化顺序为:未退化草地轻度退化草地中度退化草地重度退化草地;容重、物理性砂粒、石砾、pH、CaCO3均值由小到大的变化顺序为:未退化草地轻度退化草地中度退化草地重度退化草地.不同层次孔隙度、团聚体、物理性粘粒、饱和蓄水量、田间持水量、土壤有机碳、速效氮磷钾和酶活性均值随着土层垂直深度的增加而递减,而容重、物理性砂粒、石砾、pH、CaCO3均值随着土层垂直深度的增加而递增. 相似文献
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喀斯特石漠化区不同优势树种根际土壤有机碳及氮磷的变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对贵州中部喀斯特石漠化区典型植被及土壤进行调查,探讨森林退化过程中不同群落优势树种根际土壤有机碳及氮磷含量的变化。结果表明:根际土壤有机碳及氮磷含量均高于非根际土壤;在不同植被类型之间,林木根际对土壤有机碳及氮磷的累积效应存在明显的差异性,其中土壤有机碳的累积效应表现最明显,其次是土壤磷素,而土壤氮素累积效应的差异性较小。在树木根基0～30cm水平范围内,根际土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳、全氮、有效氮和有效磷含量都明显高于30～90cm外围根际区。不同群落优势树种之间,根际土壤碳及氮磷总量的差异性表现为总有机碳＞全氮＞全磷,而碳及氮磷的生物有效态含量则表现为有效磷＞易氧化有机碳＞有效氮。森林退化过程中,群落优势树种根际土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳及有效磷含量出现显著的下降,从而明显地影响土壤的肥力水平。 相似文献
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甘南玛曲沼泽湿地土壤微生物量、理化因子与土壤酶活的关系 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对甘南玛曲沼泽湿地6个样地的微生物量与土壤酶活性及其土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:纤维素酶活性在冬季达到高峰,其余5种土壤酶活性分别在春季和秋季达到高峰;硝化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶有较显著的负相关关系;微生物量与酶活性之间存在极显著相关关系,其中微生物量因子中的放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和土壤酶活性因子中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶是引起相关性的主要因素;酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤含水率、pH值、硝态氮含量、氨态氮含量都有密切的关系,过氧化氢酶活性可以通过有机质的含量来反映,脲酶活性可以通过土壤的含水率来反映,碱性磷酸酶活性可以通过电导率来反映. 相似文献
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文章采用文献检索法收集20世纪90年代以来石漠化区植被修复和土壤研究相关论文,以全国二次土壤普查养分分级标准为基础,探讨林下土壤养分改良情况及土壤化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）中国西南石漠化区林下土壤总有机碳、全氮均值均高于全国二次土壤普查养分一等级,全磷处于二级范围,土壤养分改善效果明显,而全钾含量属于五级低钾区;（2）广西壮族自治区总有机碳和全氮均值为五省（区、市）第一,全磷和全钾位于二等级和四等级,土壤养分含量增加最明显;贵州省总有机碳、全氮高于一等级34%和37%,全磷值在二等级范围,全钾值位于第五等级,贵州省石漠化林下土壤养分改良明显;云南省总有机碳、全磷指标分别高于一等级9%、21%,全氮属于二等级,全钾属于五等级,土壤养分指标有不同程度提高;重庆市总有机碳高于一等级1.75%,全氮和全磷属于二等级,全钾为五省中最高且属于四级,土壤养分指标改良较其他三省慢;湖南省总有机碳指标为二等级,全氮、全磷、全钾值分别属于二等级、五等级、五等级,湖南省需加强石漠化治理的力度;（3）西南石漠化区土壤总有机碳和全氮指标呈正相关,植被生长亦受钾元素限制。其中,广西壮族自治区总有机碳、全氮和全... 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献