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1.
阿拉善地块南缘是镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体的重要分布区,自北向南可分为北大山岩带、龙首山岩带和北海子岩带。本文主要以北大山岩带为研究对象,通过对野芨里岩体、青疙瘩岩体及鄂博沟岩体的岩石学、岩石地球化学、微量元素、稀土元素等研究,探讨了北大山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体的成因类型和形成构造环境。3个岩体主量元素特征显示Mg#=76~87,橄榄岩类w(Al2O3)=3.2%~5.2%,但辉长岩、辉绿岩类明显高于该值,说明北大山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩熔融程度整体不高,该区岩体属于镁质超基性岩,并且具有富铁趋势;稀土元素特征显示稀土总量(ΣREE)在5.68×10-6~11.5×10-6之间,野芨里岩体LREE稍富集,而青疙瘩及鄂博沟岩体LREE明显富集;微量元素特征显示北大山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体的成岩构造环境为板内拉张环境,岩浆在侵位过程中受到上地壳的混染作用,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示Ni明显亏损,有利于镍成矿。 相似文献
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陕南凤凰岭南缘变质镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为富含Fe、Ti等有用元素的含矿岩体。利用岩石地球化学方法、偏光显微镜和电子探针技术对该区镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩的岩石学、地球化学和矿物学特征进行了研究,并对Fe-Ti氧化物的形成、富集进行了初步探讨,对成岩、成矿作用具有一定的参考意义。结果表明,成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩与非成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为不同岩浆源区、同期岩浆作用的产物,镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩类的Fe-Ti矿化作用与初始岩浆的源岩之间具有密切关系。Fe-Ti氧化物主要以钛铁矿和榍石的形式存在,局部见少量金红石。化学成分上,钛铁矿具富锰贫镁特征,本区Fe-Ti氧化物的形成和富集过程经历了岩浆结晶分异阶段和热液蚀变阶段。 相似文献
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陕南凤凰岭南缘变质镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为富含Fe、Ti等有用元素的含矿岩体。利用岩石地球化学方法、偏光显微镜和电子探针技术对该区镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩的岩石学、地球化学和矿物学特征进行了研究,并对Fe-Ti氧化物的形成、富集进行了初步探讨,对成岩、成矿作用具有一定的参考意义。结果表明,成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩与非成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为不同岩浆源区、同期岩浆作用的产物,镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩类的Fe-Ti矿化作用与初始岩浆的源岩之间具有密切关系。Fe-Ti氧化物主要以钛铁矿和榍石的形式存在,局部见少量金红石。化学成分上,钛铁矿具富锰贫镁特征,本区Fe-Ti氧化物的形成和富集过程经历了岩浆结晶分异阶段和热液蚀变阶段。 相似文献
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四顶黑山岩体主要由超镁铁质岩和镁铁质岩组成。超镁铁质岩由橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、辉橄岩、辉石岩等组成;镁铁质岩由辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩等组成。本次对辉长岩进行了全岩Sm-Nd同位素分析,得到的等时线年龄为327±9.0Ma,初始εNd（t）=＋3.97,表明镁铁质—超镁铁质岩中辉长岩形成于早石炭世末。属于富集地幔向亏损地幔过渡类型。这一年龄的确定,为探讨北山—天山结合部晚古生代镁铁质—超镁铁质岩的成因机制和该区的区域地质演化提供了有效的年代学依据。 相似文献
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为探讨内蒙古中部地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩形成时代及地球化学特征,完善区域成岩成矿年代学格架,本文对克布、黄花滩和小南山岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及全岩地球化学分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得克布和黄花滩镁铁质-超镁铁质岩结晶年龄分别为258±2 Ma(MSWD=2.3)和262±1 Ma(MSWD=0.51),属于中-晚二叠世,小南山辉长岩应形成于中-晚二叠世(～273 Ma)。全岩地球化学分析表明,三个岩体样品m/f值介于0.96～3.54之间,主要为镁铁质-超镁铁质岩,其稀土和微量元素曲线基本表现为轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)相对富集,高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损的相似性特征,但也有明显的区别,显示各岩体岩浆演化或分异程度可能不尽相同。综合区域研究资料表明,内蒙古中部地区晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆活动可能至少始于早二叠世(294Ma),持续至中-晚二叠世(273～258Ma),且二叠纪时期中亚造山带南缘较大范围内均发育较为活跃的幔源岩浆活动。克布、黄花滩和小南山岩体应形成于后碰撞伸展环境,其岩浆源区可能混染了俯冲流体交代改造的地幔楔物质,使3个岩体的岩石样品均显示具有富含大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,贫高场强元素等部分岛弧岩浆特征的信号。 相似文献
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东天山四顶黑山地区545Ma层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体的发现及其大地构造学和成矿学意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在东天山四顶黑山地区元古代深变质地层中发现层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,研究了它的产状、岩石类型、结构构造、矿物组成、稀土微量元素地球化学、年代学等特征及其发现的地质意义。层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩为后侵位的镁铁质杂岩体和花岗岩所穿切与破坏,其正堆晶结构发育,并可划分出两个结晶与演化旋回。四顶黑山层状钱铁质-超镁铁质岩的稀土微量元素含量和配分结构与该地区镁铁质杂岩、及图拉尔根镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体明显不同,具低∑REE、正δEu 异常、高 Sr 低Rh、高 Nb/U 值、及 Nb、Zr 和 Hf 亏损等地球化学特征,该特征与裂谷成因的攀枝花层状辉长岩和曹家村层状岩体非常相似,这意味着四顶黑山层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩可能也形成于裂谷构造环境。选择层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体下部韵律层顶部辉石角闪石岩、镁铁质杂岩体闪长岩和角闪花岗岩中的角闪石开展~(39)Ar/~(40)Ar 定年,结果显示3种岩体分别形成于545±5Ma、263.8±2.6Ma 和200.8±0.91Ma。四顶黑山545Ma 裂谷成因层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体的发育,意味着早寒武世是天山地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩型 Cu-Ni 矿的成矿期之一,天山地区在元古宙变质岩为基底的古大陆在早寒武世出现了雏形裂谷构造,545Ma可能是古天山洋形成的初始期。 相似文献
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内蒙古乌拉特中旗地处华北陆块北缘西段,大地构造分区属于狼山-白云鄂博陆缘裂谷。区域上,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩呈东西向带状分布,断续出露长约300km,宽约30km。该镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带内铜镍矿床(点)较为发育,克布为该带内一个中-小型铜镍硫化物矿床。克布镁铁质-超镁铁岩体出露面积约45km2,主要由辉长岩相和橄榄岩相组成,辉长岩相为岩体的主要岩相,橄榄岩相为主要的赋矿岩石,两个相带相伴产出,呈渐变过渡关系。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年,获得克布斜长方辉橄榄岩年龄为258.1±1.8Ma(MSWD=2.3),属于晚二叠世。岩石主、微量及稀土元素分析结果表明,岩石样品属铁质镁铁质-超镁铁质岩,具有拉斑玄武岩系列演化趋势,并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti),以及具有轻稀土富集[(La/Yb)N=2.47~11.29]的右倾型稀土配分模式。以橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体母岩浆的MgO含量为10.1%,FeO为12.1%,应为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。综合分析认为,克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体应形成于后碰撞伸展阶段,岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈物质组成。橄榄石和辉石等富镁铁矿物的分离结晶和富硅地壳物质的混染可能对硫化物熔离富集成矿起到了关键性作用。 相似文献
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桂北中—新元古代镁铁质—超镁铁质岩的岩石地球化学 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：31
桂北中、新元古代镁铁质－超镁铁质岩主要属钙碱质岩系，镁铁质岩的Nb/Lapm=0.13-0.51,Th/Lapm=0.85-3.3,Ti/Ti^*=0.29-0.61，在原始地幔标准化曲线上出现明显的Nb,Ti负异常，中元古代镁铁质岩εNd(t)值低（＝－1．99－5．13），新元古代镁铁质岩εNd(t)值相对较高（＝－0．74－2．4），它们都具有岛弧火山岩系的地球化学特征，是会聚板块边缘岩浆作用的产物，不具有地幔柱来源的岩浆的特性，不能作为Rodinia超大陆裂解的标志。 相似文献
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大别造山带中镁铁质——超镁铁质岩石和榴辉岩有关问题的讨论 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
根据近年来积累的文献资料及研究讨论指出：（１）大别山造带镁铁质－－超镁铁质岩石可分成两大类;一类以任家湾、童家冲、祝家铺道士冲、青山、沙河等辉石辉长岩类为代表,它们具有相同的牲和成岩年龄,可能与华北、华南地块聚敛碰产生的岛弧或大陆岩浆岩有关;另一类以铙拔寨,大化坪、碧溪岭和毛屋岩体为代表,虽然它们的成岩年龄均在前寒武纪,但却有着不同的成岩时代和成岩环境。（２）大别造山带榴辉岩等多属异地来源,具有不 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献