Galactic winds from primeval galaxies     

Masao Mori  Masayuki Umemura 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,311(1-3):111-115

Ultra-high resolution hydrodynamic simulations using 1024³ grid points are performed of early supernova burst in a forming galaxy, with properties similar to those inferred for Lyman α emitters (LAEs) and Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). We show that, at the earliest stages of less than 300 Myr, continual supernova explosions produce multitudinous hot bubbles and cooled H(I) shells in-between. The H(I) shells radiate intense Lyman α (Lyα) emission like LAEs. We found that the bubbly structures produced are quite similar to the observed features in the Lyα surface brightness distribution of the extended LAEs. After 1 Gyr, the galaxies are dominated by stellar continuum radiation and then resemble the LBGs. At this point, the abundance of heavy elements appears to be solar. After 13 Gyr, these galaxies resemble present-day ellipticals.  相似文献   

An evaluation of the seasonal added value of downscaling over the United States using new verification measures     

Laurel L. De Haan  Masao Kanamitsu  Fernando De Sales  Liqiang Sun 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,122(1-2):47-57

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Anthropogenic Pb in settling particulate matter in the Northwestern Pacific examined using stable isotopes of Pb     

Daisuke Nagaoka  Masahito Shigemitsu  Masao Minagawa  Shinichiro Noriki 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):117-132

We have investigated Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions in settling particles collected by sediment traps experiments over a period of two years, from May 2005 to April 2007, at two depths, 770 and 5100 m, at station KNOT in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (44°N, 155°E). To the identify provenances of Pb, the samples were separated into two fractions by chemical leaching techniques, with the leachate expected to contain Pb of anthropogenic origin. Isotopic compositions of Pb and concentrations of Pb, Sc, Mn, La, Yb, and Th were measured by quadrupole ICP-MS. The isotope ratios of leachable Pb in settling particles were ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb = 0.860 ± 0.001; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb = 2.116 ± 0.002 (mean ± 95% confidence intervals), which are similar to those of aerosols in China that are greatly affected by pollution from coal combustion. We estimated the mean contribution from anthropogenic Pb sources to the Pb in settling particles, using the conventional binary (anthropogenic and natural Pb) mixing equation for Pb isotopes, as 90% in the upper trap and 78% in the lower trap. Furthermore, we found a significant negative correlation between the isotope ratios of Pb and concentrations of leachable Mn, normalized to those of leachable Pb, suggesting that manganese oxides play an important role in transporting Pb from the upper layers of the ocean to the deeper layers. Our results support the speculation published in a previous study that Pb might be scavenged by Mn oxides in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

Transport of chemical components in sea ice and under-ice water during melting in the seasonally ice-covered Saroma-ko Lagoon,Hokkaido, Japan     

Daiki Nomura  Toru Takatsuka  Masao Ishikawa  Toshiyuki Kawamura  Kunio Shirasawa  Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Physico-chemical properties in the brine and under-ice water were measured in Saroma-ko Lagoon on the northeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, which is connected to the Sea of Okhotsk, during the period from mid-February through mid-March 2006. The brine within brine channels of the sea ice was collected with a new sampling method examined in this study. Salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients and oxygen isotopic ratio (δ¹⁸O) contained in the brine within brine channels of the sea ice and in the under-ice water varied largely in both time and space during the ice melt period, when discharge from Saromabetsu River located on the southeast of the lagoon increased markedly due to the onset of snow melting. The under-ice plume expands as far as 4.5 km from the river mouth at mid-March 2006, transporting chemical components supplied from the river into the lagoon. The under-ice river water was likely transported into the sea ice through well-developed brine channels in the sea ice due to upward flushing of water through brine channels occurred by loading of snowfalls deposited over the sea ice. These results suggest that the river water plume plays an important role in supplying chemical components into the sea ice, which may be a key process influencing the biogeochemical cycle in the seasonally ice-covered Saroma-ko Lagoon.  相似文献   

Low cyclic fatigue and hysteretic behavior of U‐shaped steel dampers for seismically isolated buildings under dynamic cyclic loadings          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Jiao  Shoichi Kishiki  Satoshi Yamada  Diana Ene  Yoshinao Konishi  Yuuma Hoashi  Masao Terashima 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(10):1523-1538

Energy dissipation devices are necessary for base‐isolated buildings to control the deformation in the isolation system and to dissipate the earthquake‐induced energy. U‐shaped steel dampers (also known as U‐dampers) dissipate energy through plastic deformation of specially designed U‐shaped steel elements. This type of device can be installed at several locations in the isolation system. U‐dampers have been widely used in Japan for different types of isolated structures, such as hospitals, plants and residential buildings, since the 1995 Kobe Earthquake. Previous research has used static tests to estimate the performance of U‐dampers. However, the ultimate plastic deformation capacities and hysteretic behaviors of full‐scale U‐dampers under dynamic excitations still remain unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether the initial temperature has an effect on the hysteretic behavior and plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers. In this paper, two series of dynamic loading tests of U‐dampers were conducted to evaluate the issues described earlier. The major findings of the study are (i) the loading speed has little effect on the plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers; (ii) method to evaluate the ultimate plastic deformation capacities of U‐shaped steel dampers of different sizes is established using a Manson–Coffin relation‐based equation that is based on the peak‐to‐peak horizontal shear angle γ_t, which is defined as the lateral deformation amplitude (peak‐to‐peak amplitude) divided by the height of the dampers; (iii) the loading rate and the initial temperature have a minimal effect on the hysteretic behavior of the U‐dampers; and (iv) a bilinear model is proposed to simulate the force‐deformation relationships of the U‐dampers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fifty years of the 137°E repeat hydrographic section in the western North Pacific Ocean     

Eitarou Oka  Masao Ishii  Toshiya Nakano  Toshio Suga  Shinya Kouketsu  Masatoshi Miyamoto  Hideyuki Nakano  Bo Qiu  Shusaku Sugimoto  Yusuke Takatani 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(2):115-145

The 137°E repeat hydrographic section of the Japan Meteorological Agency across the western North Pacific was initiated in 1967 as part of the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions and has been continued biannually in winter and summer. The publicly available data from the section have been widely used to reveal seasonal to decadal variations and long-term changes of currents and water masses, biogeochemical and biological properties, and marine pollutants in relation to climate variability such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In commemoration of the 50th anniversary in 2016, this review summarizes the history and scientific achievements of the 137°E section during 1967–2016. Through the publication of more than 100 papers over this 50-year span, with the frequency and significance of the publication increasing in time, the 137°E section has demonstrated its importance for future investigations of physical–biogeochemical–biological interactions on various spatiotemporal scales, and thereby its utility in enhancing process understanding to aid projections of the impact of future climate change on ocean resources and ecosystems over the twenty-first century.  相似文献   

Holocene glacial rebound and sea-level change in NW Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kurt Lambeck  Paul Johnston  Masao Nakada 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,103(2):451-468

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Evaluation of the JNLT site     

Hiroyasu Ando  Takeshi Noguchi  Masao Nakagiri  Akihiko Miyashita  Yasumasa Yamashita  Kyoji Nariai  Hiroyoshi Tanabe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,160(1-2):183-189

Two steps have been taken to decide at what place and altitude to set up the JNLT on Mauna Kea. First, the wind tunnel experiment has been made in collaboration with the Institute of Meteorology using the two models of summit area with the reduced scales of 1/1000 and 1/5000. This study tells us that the north-west cone is suitable for JNLT. Secondly, we have done the measurement of the microthermal activities in this area with a 30 m tower, which was continued for about 4 months in collaboration with the University of Hawaii. This experiment has given the mean vertical profile ofC _T ² over 4 months and its scale height in the boundayr layer on our site. By use of these measurements, the contribution of the boundary layer to seeing is estimated. The behaviour ofC _T ² under strong winds can be explained very well by topographic effects, which is in fairly good agreement with the results of our wind tunnel experiment.Paper presented at the Symposium on the JNLT and Related Engineering Developments, Tokyo, November 29–December 2, 1988.  相似文献   

Stepwise enrichment of 15N along food chains: Further evidence and the relation between δ15N and animal age   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Masao Minagawa  Eitaro Wada 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(5):1135-1140

The isotopic composition of nitrogen was measured in marine and fresh-water animals from the East China Sea, The Bering Sea, Lake Ashinoko and Usujiri intertidal zone. Primary producers, showed average δ¹⁵Nversus atmospheric nitrogen of +5.0%. (+3.4 to +7.5) in the Bering Sea and Lake Ashinoko, and +6.8%. (+6.0 to +7.6) in Usujiri intertidal zone. Blue green algae from the East China Sea show an average ?0.55%. (?0.8 to +1.2). All consumers, Zooplankton, fish and bird exhibited Stepwise enrichment of ¹⁵N with increasing trophic level. The ¹⁵N enrichment at a single feeding process ranged from +1.3 to +5.3 averaging +3.4 ± 1.1%.. This isotopic fractionation seems to be independent of habitat.The effect of age in animals was obtained by analyzing two marine mussels. The soft tissue nitrogen showed +2.0%. enrichment relative to that of primary producers, and the magnitude was almost constant with shell ages ranging from 0 to 8 years.A similar ¹⁵N enrichment occurs in all Molluscs, Crustaceans, Insecta, Amphibia, Fish, Ave and Mammal species regardless of the difference in the form of excreted nitrogen and in laboratory cultured fish, brine shrimp and mice (+2.9 to +4.9%.). The excreted ammonia from guppy was sufficiently light to balance the concentration of ¹⁵N to animal body.  相似文献   

莱河矿(Fe_0.5²⁺Fe_1.0³⁺SiO₄)的超结构          下载免费PDF全文

沈步明  玉田攻  北村雅夫  森本信男 《地质科学》1982,(3):341-342

莱河矿于1976年在中国辽宁省的磁铁矿床中首次被发现,许多人对它进行过研究。该矿物为黑色、不透明,化学式为Fe_0.58²⁺Fe_1.0³⁺Mg_0.03Si_0.96O₄,虽然它的晶体结构近似于橄榄石,但已确定为单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/b。本文作者利用X射线、电子探针、高分解能透过电子显微镜对该矿物进行了系统的研究,发现它具有假双晶、超结构和显微条纹结构。  相似文献